中国居民生活能源消费研究
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摘要
能源是国家经济发展和人民生活必不可少的基本物资。随着经济社会的不断进步,能源需求量不断加大,全球能源危机日益迫近。近年来我国居民生活能源消费量快速增长,已经成为能源消耗的主要增长点。中国迫切需要提高能源效率,缓解能源供需矛盾,但是长期以来将提高能源效率、降低能源强度的重点放在工业领域,对居民能源消费的研究不够深入。居民能源消费能否高效,不仅直接影响到我国能源消费的总量,增长速度和能源结构,也间接影响工业结构和工业能源消耗量。
     因此,本文以居民能源消费为研究对象,计算和分析居民能源直接消费和间接消费的变化规律,考察居民家庭能源消费的影响因素及其影响大小,对不同地域居民生活能源消费的规律进行比较。为构建可持续的居民能源消费模式提供依据,为制定促进居民节能的政策法规提供决策参考。
     中国居民生活直接消费的能源在能源总消费中约占10%,通过投入产出法计算,居民间接能源消费量是直接能源消费量的两倍以上,并且增速也高于直接能源消费量。同时间接能源消费量的城乡差距也在加大。要减少间接能源消费量并提高居民生活水平,需要提高各行业能源强度。
     对数平均权重Divisia分解法(LMDI)对居民生活能源消费的因素分解表明,影响居民直接能耗的有人口、经济水平、能源效率和能源结构等因素,其中收入因素对直接能耗增长的贡献最大,能源效率则是降低直接能耗的最主要因素。
     将库兹涅茨曲线应用于居民生活能源消费,发现中国居民人均生活能源消费量随收入增长,但并非一般库兹涅茨的倒U型曲线,城镇居民收入与能源消费也是如此,而农村居民生活能源消费量还在随收入快速上升。经济发达地区可能率先出现居民生活能源消费随收入上升而降低的趋势。
     在省级区域层面上对居民生活能耗的变化规律和收入关系进行实证分析,构建区域居民生活能耗变动与收入的动态面板模型,分析各区域的居民能耗结构差异原因,证明居民收入和前期消费的影响显著,提高能源效率需要改变居民能源消费的不良习惯。
     本研究的理论贡献在于将库兹涅茨理论应用于居民生活能源消费领域,验证EKC曲线在中国居民生活能源消费领域的存在性,并区分城镇和农村进行分析和比较。实践意义在于方法上运用了投入产出法,LMDI分解分析,采用动态面板数据模型,探索中国居民能源消费的变化规律,针对性地提出提高能源效率、改善能源结构的政策建议,从而减少居民生活能源消费。
Energy is essential supplies for the country's economic development and people's living.With the continuous economic social progress, the demand for energy is constantlyincreasing and the global energy crisis looming. In recent years household energyconsumption in our country has increased rapidly and become a key growth point for energyconsumption. China need to improve energy efficiency and ease the contradiction betweenenergy supply and demand urgently. But for a long time pepole focus on the industrial sectorto improve energy efficiency and reduce the energy intensity.The research on residentialenergy consumption is not deep enough. The efficiency of residential energy consumptionnot only directly affect the total amount of energy consumption in China, the growth rate andthe energy structure, and also indirectly affect the industrial structure and industrial energyconsumption.
     Therefore, this paper make the household energy consumption as the research object,calculate and analysis the variation of household direct energy consumption and indirectconsumption,investigate the influence factors on the size of households energyconsumption, and to compare the law of the household energy consumption in the differentregions. Provide the basis for building a sustainable household energy consumption patterns,and provide decision-making reference for the formulation of policies and regulations topromote residents' energy-saving.
     The Chinese household direct energy consumption in the total energy consumptionaccounts for about10%. Calculated by the input-output method, household indirect energyconsumption is more than double the direct energy consumption, and the growth rate is alsohigher than the direct energy consumption. The gap between indirect energy consumption ofurban and rural areas is also increasing. To reduce indirect energy consumption and improvethe living standards, it is essential to improve the energy intensity of the various industries.
     The LMDI decomposition on the household energy consumption show that population,economic level, energy efficiency and energy structure are the impact of factors of thehousehold direct energy consumption. Income factors contribution to the growth of directenergy consumption, and the energy efficiency is the most important factor to reduce it.
     This paper took Kuznets curve into the living energy consumption and found thatChinese residents per capita energy consumption grew with income. But it's relationalgraphics were not inverted U-type cubic curve, the income of urban residents and energyconsumption cubic curve wasn’t inverted U-type also. The household energy consumption ofrural residents still rise with income quickly. Economically developed areas may be the firstto show the trend that the household energy consumption reduce with income rise.
     An empirical analysis on the change regularity and income relations of householdenergy consumption in the provincial regional level has been made. By building dynamicpanel model of household energy consumption and the income change, I analyzed the reasonsof the structural differences in the regional household energy consumption. The resultsdemonstrate that residents' income and past consumption have significantly influence. Toimprove energy efficiency, the bad habits of the household energy consumption must bechanged.
     The theoretical contribution of the dissertation lie in that Kuznets theory is applied andthe EKC curve existence is verified in the area of household energy consumption. Anddistinguish between urban and rural areas were analyzed and compared. The practical valuesare that method as the input-output method, LMDI decomposition analysis, dynamic paneldata model are applied;the variation of the Chinese household energy consumption isexplored.And the policy recommendations to improve energy efficiency and optimize theenergy structure targetly are proposed, thereby reducing the household energy consumption.
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