波浪补偿起艇系统研究
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摘要
救生设备是船舶法定安全设备,而救生艇和救生艇收放装置是救生设备的重要组成部分,承担着在紧急情况下保证人身安全的重任。随着我国航运贸易和海上开发活动的日益增多,救生艇作为海上遇险时的一种重要逃生设备,其性能和安全收放的可靠性越来越受到关注和重视。在很多时候,救生艇需要在复杂的高海况下回收。这种情况下波浪对救生艇、母船的影响十分明显,使得回收的危险性和难度增大。这就对回收装置提出了更高的要求,如增加波浪补偿功能等。国外在上世纪80年代就开始了在这方面的研发并日臻成熟,我国在这方面的起步较晚,与国外差距较大。为促进我国船舶产业的发展,因此很有必要对这一课题进行深入的研究。
本文对用于高海况下的救生艇吊放装置整个系统进行了细致的分析研究,发现要实现高海况下救生艇的安全收放就要对波浪对救生艇的作用进行补偿。波浪补偿的目的是减轻波浪对救生艇安全回收的影响。实现波浪补偿就需要保证起吊绳索保持张紧,防止绳索松弛,可通过控制绳索上的恒张力实现；通过对比各种吊放装置的结构、性能,并选择了能适用于高海况下救生艇回收的吊架结构、波浪补偿方式。在此基础上,分析了高海况下波浪的运动情况,以及在高况下波浪补偿救生艇吊放装置应该具有的技术指标,为下一步的波浪补偿起艇绞车的设计提供了依据。以某一具体的救生艇为例,对起艇绞车系统进行了详细的分析计算,设计出了具有波浪补偿功能的起艇绞车系统,并对元件进行了选型。通过建立系统的部分数学模型并仿真,证实了设计的波浪补偿起艇绞车系统具有良好的性能,能够实现在高海况下进行波浪补偿,可以保证救生艇的安全回收。这为波浪补偿起艇绞车的开发提供了理论支持。
Life-saving appliances are statutory safety equipments in ships, while lifeboat and boat-lifting devices are the important parts of the life-saving appliances which take the important responsibility of keeping the persons from the danger in emergence. With the growth of our country's shipping trade and ocean exploitation, as one kind of important life-saving appliances, the lifeboat's performance and reliability of the boat-lifting device draw more attention. In many times, life-boats should be lifted at complicated and abominable sea state. In this condition, sea-wave affects the life-boats and the boat apparently, which makes the growth of danger and difficulty of boat-lifting. It puts forward higher demand on boat-lifting device, such as adding the function of wave compensation. External research and exploitation in this field began from 1980's, and our country's research is later, there is long distance to catch up with the oversea research. In order to accelerate the development of our countries' ship-building industry, it is necessary to take deep research on this subject.
This paper takes research on boat-lifting device system which is used at abominable sea state, and finds that it should be compensate the effect on lifeboat caused by the wave in order to realize the safety lifting at abominable sea state. The purpose of wave compensation is to alleviate the influence on lifeboat. It is necessary to keep the falls tight in order to realize the wave compensation by keeping the constant tension of the falls. According to comparing the structure and the performance of many kinds of boat-lifting device, this paper gives the structure of the davit and wave compensation way which realize the safety lifting at abominable sea state. Then it analyses the wave's movement and technical quota of boat-lifting device at abominable sea state which supply the foundation to the following design of wave-compensation boat-lifting winch. Taking some lifeboat for example, this paper analyses and computes the boat-lifting winch in detail and designs the wave compensation boat-lifting winch system, at the same time chooses the components. By building some parts of model and simulating, it proves that the designed system has good performance and realizes wave compensation at abominable sea state, so it can promise the safe recovery of the lifeboat. This paper gives theory basis to the exploitation of the wave compensation boat-lifting winch.
本文对用于高海况下的救生艇吊放装置整个系统进行了细致的分析研究,发现要实现高海况下救生艇的安全收放就要对波浪对救生艇的作用进行补偿。波浪补偿的目的是减轻波浪对救生艇安全回收的影响。实现波浪补偿就需要保证起吊绳索保持张紧,防止绳索松弛,可通过控制绳索上的恒张力实现；通过对比各种吊放装置的结构、性能,并选择了能适用于高海况下救生艇回收的吊架结构、波浪补偿方式。在此基础上,分析了高海况下波浪的运动情况,以及在高况下波浪补偿救生艇吊放装置应该具有的技术指标,为下一步的波浪补偿起艇绞车的设计提供了依据。以某一具体的救生艇为例,对起艇绞车系统进行了详细的分析计算,设计出了具有波浪补偿功能的起艇绞车系统,并对元件进行了选型。通过建立系统的部分数学模型并仿真,证实了设计的波浪补偿起艇绞车系统具有良好的性能,能够实现在高海况下进行波浪补偿,可以保证救生艇的安全回收。这为波浪补偿起艇绞车的开发提供了理论支持。
Life-saving appliances are statutory safety equipments in ships, while lifeboat and boat-lifting devices are the important parts of the life-saving appliances which take the important responsibility of keeping the persons from the danger in emergence. With the growth of our country's shipping trade and ocean exploitation, as one kind of important life-saving appliances, the lifeboat's performance and reliability of the boat-lifting device draw more attention. In many times, life-boats should be lifted at complicated and abominable sea state. In this condition, sea-wave affects the life-boats and the boat apparently, which makes the growth of danger and difficulty of boat-lifting. It puts forward higher demand on boat-lifting device, such as adding the function of wave compensation. External research and exploitation in this field began from 1980's, and our country's research is later, there is long distance to catch up with the oversea research. In order to accelerate the development of our countries' ship-building industry, it is necessary to take deep research on this subject.
This paper takes research on boat-lifting device system which is used at abominable sea state, and finds that it should be compensate the effect on lifeboat caused by the wave in order to realize the safety lifting at abominable sea state. The purpose of wave compensation is to alleviate the influence on lifeboat. It is necessary to keep the falls tight in order to realize the wave compensation by keeping the constant tension of the falls. According to comparing the structure and the performance of many kinds of boat-lifting device, this paper gives the structure of the davit and wave compensation way which realize the safety lifting at abominable sea state. Then it analyses the wave's movement and technical quota of boat-lifting device at abominable sea state which supply the foundation to the following design of wave-compensation boat-lifting winch. Taking some lifeboat for example, this paper analyses and computes the boat-lifting winch in detail and designs the wave compensation boat-lifting winch system, at the same time chooses the components. By building some parts of model and simulating, it proves that the designed system has good performance and realizes wave compensation at abominable sea state, so it can promise the safe recovery of the lifeboat. This paper gives theory basis to the exploitation of the wave compensation boat-lifting winch.
引文
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[2]富贵根,桂文彬,印爱红等.加快船舶配套产品的发展.机电设备,2008,4.
[3]蒋余良,睦国忠.高海况下小艇收放装置的技术与发展探讨.江苏船舶,2008,6.
[4]大连海事大学编.精通救生艇筏和救助艇.大连：大连海事大学出版社,2008.
[5]刘相春.A形架式潜水器收放系统研究设计.船舶,2007,5.
[6]黄志英.救生艇筏和救助艇操作及管理.武汉：武汉理.工：大学出版社,2008.
[7]贺玉英,杨金芳.船舶自抛救生艇.船舶,1996,5.
[8]刘贺,李彬,胡晓东.波浪补偿起艇绞车的研究.上海造船,2008,2
[9]金蓓.波浪补偿起艇绞车.机电设备,2006,4
[10]王吕明,孔德仁,何云峰.传感与测试技术.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[11]樊尚春,周浩敏.信号与测试技术.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
[12]龚仲华.S7-200／300／400PLC应用技术.北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[13]George H. Alexander. Apparatus and method for weave motion compensation and hoist control for marine winches. United States Patent,507102,1985.
[14]Norman R. Barber. Control means for motion compensation devices.United States Patent,4349179,1982.
[15]王振瑯,杨佩瑶,许长春等.新型液压全回转吊艇机开发应用.船舶,2003,6.
[16]Schaub H. Rate-based ship-mounted crane payload pendulation control system. Control Engineering Practice.2008.16:132-145
[17]Purcell M J, and Ned C. Forrester. Bobbing crane heave compensation for the deep towed fiber optic survey system, society of naval architects and marine engineers, New England Section,1994.
[18]朱谦阳,沈四林,孙将平等.航海气象与海洋学.大连：大连海事大学出版社,1999.
[19]谢江怡.补给工作艇收放装置选型设计分析.船舶,2007,4.
[20]国际海事组织.国际海上人命安全公约综合文本2004.北京：人民交通出版社,2005.
[21]Nicoll R S, Bradley J B, risco F R. Optimization of a cage-mounted passive heave compensator. Internation offshore and polar engineering conference Vancouver, BC, Canada.2008:241.
[22]Wang J, Yangb J. B, SenC P. Safety based design and maintenance optimisation of large marine engineering system.Applied ocean research.1996,18.13-27.
[23]El-hawary F,Mbamalu G A N. Dynamic heave compensation using robust estimation techniques. Elsevier science Ltd.1996. Vol.22(4):235-273
[24]姜继海,宋锦春,高常识.液压与气压传动.北京：高等教育出版社,2006.
[25]费千.船舶辅机.大连：大连海事大学出版社,2006.
[26]姚寿广.船舶辅机.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2004.
[27]Anne Klaas De Groot, Joop Roodenburg, Robert Frodo Van K uilenburg. Compensation and hoisting apparatus.
[28]胡火焰,邓智勇,张浩立.潜水器吊放回收装置液压系统设计.液压与气动,2009,8.
[29]谬爱华译.恒张力绞车.Energie fluide,1980,119.
[30]雷天觉.新编液压工程手册.北京：北京理工大学出版社,1998.
[31]路甬祥.液压气动技术手册.北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[32]周恩涛.液压系统设计元件元器件选型手册.北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[33]成大先.机械设计手册.北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[34]轮机工程手册编委会.轮机工程手册.北京：人民交通出版社.1992.
[35]冯刚,李剑中,谭佳.面向海洋环境的绞车传动控制系统.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2001,6.
[36]M. R. Mitchell etc. Design and test of a simple passive system. Ocean Engineering,1992,19(5)
[37]赵莹.浮标收放控制系统的研究与设计(硕士论文).大连：大连理工大学,2008.
[38]Martin R. Packer. Wave-motion compensation apparatus for use in conjunction with an off-shore crane, or the like. United States Patent,4098082,1978.
[39]Marine crane lifting control. United States Patent,4304337,1981.
[40]朱继懋.潜水器设计.上海：上海交通大学出版社,1992.
[41]穆岩,陈黎明,祝捷等.深潜救生艇收放装置关键技术研究.舰船科学技术,2009,5.
[42]蒋新松,封锡盛,王低塘等.水下机器人.沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社,2000.
[43]徐小军,陈循,尚建忠.一种新型主动波浪补偿系统的原理及数学建模.国防科技大学学报,2007,3.
[44]黄秀章,曹智裕.可潜器回收过程中动负荷的确定.海洋工程,1983,2.
[45]邵曼华,寇雄,赵鹏程.几种船用起重机波浪补偿装置.机械工程师,2004,2.
[46]J. K. Vandjver. Dynamic analysis of a launch and recovery system for a deep submersible. AD699175.
[47]R. Frank Busby. Undersea Vehicles Directory 1990-1991, Busby Associates, Inc.,1990.
[48]J. M. Zhu, Y. X. Zhao, Experimental research on the manoeuverbility of self-propelled submersible models, Intermaritec'80, Hamburg,1980.
[49]王春行.液压伺服控制系统.北京：机械工业出版社,1988.
[50]曹鑫铭.液压伺服系统.北京：冶金工业出版社,1991.
[51]李洪仁.液压控制系统.北京：国防工业出版社,1980.
[52]张楠.专利题名.中国,专利文献种类,专利号.2002.
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