径向变密度球扁药制备工艺和燃烧性能研究
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摘要
在分析发射药渐增燃烧特征的基础上,以小口径长身管武器为型号背景,提出了具有内松外密的、材质相同的、具有高渐增燃烧特征的变密度球扁药结构,并重点研究了具有这种结构特征的变密度球扁药成型工艺技术。
提出了制备变密度球扁药的“两步法”工艺:第一步是制备多气孔松质球扁药;第二步对前一步的松质球扁药进行表层溶胀-驱溶-脱水处理,制成目标球扁药。在进行工艺规律研究时发现,“两步法”工艺的第一步中可以通过控制脱水剂的用量调节多气孔球扁药的堆积密度;第二步中,溶棉比和溶胀时间对壳层厚度影响很大,溶棉比越大,溶胀时间越长,壳层越厚;对成品药进行一致化处理时,压延机滚筒温度在80℃-90℃时既保证了安全,又确保药体结构不变。密闭爆发器实验表明:多气孔球形药的动态活性和密度密切相关,密度越低,动态活性越大;由于径向变密度球扁药壳层是密实的,芯层是多孔,松质的,使得燃烧过程显示了极好的渐增性。在一定范围内,壳层越薄,芯层密度越小其渐增性能越好;并且可以控制芯层的密度和壳层的厚度实现不同条件下的渐增效果。内弹道试验表明:通过合理的设计药型的尺寸和结构,该发射药具有广阔的应用前景。
A new type of radial variable density oblate spherical propellant powder (VDSP) with porous structure inside and high-density outside in same materials was designed to be used in small-caliber guns on the basis of analyzing how to implement burning progression. This special structure makes the VDSP have a higher burning progression. The preparation process of the VDSP was focused on.
Two-step-method was put forward to be used for preparation VDSP. The first step is to get the porous spherical propellant powder which has low-density; The second step is to make surface layer of the porous spherical propellant swell, then drive the solution and dehydrate swelling layer to get the target VDSP. The result shows that the bulk density of the porous spherical propellant powder can be varied by adjusting dehydrating agent strength in the first step; solvent quantity and swelling time have a great effect on the thickness of the shell, the bigger the solvent quantity is and the longer the welling time is, the thicker the shell will be. When the temperature of the roller of the mangier is between 80℃and 90℃, homogeneous thickness of the VDSP can be gained in the process of calendaring avoiding danger and the changes of the VDSP's physical structure. The closed bomb burning experiments shows that the dynamic activity of the sample is bound up with the density of the sample, lower density the sample is, higher dynamic activity the sample will be. The sample also shows a higher burning progression in the combustion process as a result of its special structure, the thinner the shell and the lower the core is, the higher the burning progression is. At the same time, different degrees of the burning progression were achieved by adjusting density of the core and thickness of the shell. Interior ballistics experiments show that VDSP has broad application prospects by designing reasonable size and structure.
提出了制备变密度球扁药的“两步法”工艺:第一步是制备多气孔松质球扁药;第二步对前一步的松质球扁药进行表层溶胀-驱溶-脱水处理,制成目标球扁药。在进行工艺规律研究时发现,“两步法”工艺的第一步中可以通过控制脱水剂的用量调节多气孔球扁药的堆积密度;第二步中,溶棉比和溶胀时间对壳层厚度影响很大,溶棉比越大,溶胀时间越长,壳层越厚;对成品药进行一致化处理时,压延机滚筒温度在80℃-90℃时既保证了安全,又确保药体结构不变。密闭爆发器实验表明:多气孔球形药的动态活性和密度密切相关,密度越低,动态活性越大;由于径向变密度球扁药壳层是密实的,芯层是多孔,松质的,使得燃烧过程显示了极好的渐增性。在一定范围内,壳层越薄,芯层密度越小其渐增性能越好;并且可以控制芯层的密度和壳层的厚度实现不同条件下的渐增效果。内弹道试验表明:通过合理的设计药型的尺寸和结构,该发射药具有广阔的应用前景。
A new type of radial variable density oblate spherical propellant powder (VDSP) with porous structure inside and high-density outside in same materials was designed to be used in small-caliber guns on the basis of analyzing how to implement burning progression. This special structure makes the VDSP have a higher burning progression. The preparation process of the VDSP was focused on.
Two-step-method was put forward to be used for preparation VDSP. The first step is to get the porous spherical propellant powder which has low-density; The second step is to make surface layer of the porous spherical propellant swell, then drive the solution and dehydrate swelling layer to get the target VDSP. The result shows that the bulk density of the porous spherical propellant powder can be varied by adjusting dehydrating agent strength in the first step; solvent quantity and swelling time have a great effect on the thickness of the shell, the bigger the solvent quantity is and the longer the welling time is, the thicker the shell will be. When the temperature of the roller of the mangier is between 80℃and 90℃, homogeneous thickness of the VDSP can be gained in the process of calendaring avoiding danger and the changes of the VDSP's physical structure. The closed bomb burning experiments shows that the dynamic activity of the sample is bound up with the density of the sample, lower density the sample is, higher dynamic activity the sample will be. The sample also shows a higher burning progression in the combustion process as a result of its special structure, the thinner the shell and the lower the core is, the higher the burning progression is. At the same time, different degrees of the burning progression were achieved by adjusting density of the core and thickness of the shell. Interior ballistics experiments show that VDSP has broad application prospects by designing reasonable size and structure.
引文
[1]Martin Raymond,Gonzalez Antonio.Applications of compacted ball powder propellant in medium caliber ammunition[R].AD-A279568
[2]张豪侠.迅速发展的密室发射药装药技术[J].现代兵器,1991,12:37-40
[3]May Ingo W,Juhasz Arpad A.Combustion processes in consolidated propellants[R].AD-A101163
[4]Juhasz Arpad A.May I W,Aungst W P,Doali J O,Bowman R E.Combustion characteristics of consolidated propellants[R].AD-A084680
[5]Doali J Omar,Juhasz Arpad A,Bowman Roger E,Augst William P.Combustion characteristics of consolidated propellants resulting from different consolidation techniques[R].AD-A201106
[6]张豪侠,马连雨.迅速发展的密实发射装药技术[J],弹道学报,1992,1:92-96
[7]王泽山.发射药技术的展望[J].华北工学院学报(社科版),2001增刊:36-40
[8]萧忠良.提高火炮初速(动能)技术途径与潜力分析[J].华北工学院学报.2001,22(4):277-280
[9]Rivem J.Combustion Behavior of Programmed Splitting Stick Propellan[R].AD-A242661
[10]罗运军,李锋.发射药燃烧控制技术的研究[J].燃烧科学与技术.1998,4(1):24-30
[11]罗运军,余永刚.增能钝感包覆火药的燃烧与弹道性能[J].内弹道学报,1998.10(1):7-10.
[12]李上文,赵风起.高技术武器与先进火炸药技术[J].火炸药学报,1998(4):51-54.
[13]李理,张玉荣等.发射药中钝感剂含量与分布的测定[J].火炸药学报,2006,29(4):65-67
[14]梁勇,王琼林等.增能钝感单基药的燃烧特性[J].含能材料,2007,15(6):597-599
[15]Beat Vogelsanger,Ulrich Schadeli,Dominik Antenen,et al.A new nitroglycerine free and sensitiveness reduced propellant for medium caliber and molar applications[C]//33rd ICT,2002
[16]Juhani Lumia,Juha Pursiainen,Rose A.High energy nitrocellulose propellant:Nitroglycerine enhanced single base[C]//The Sixth International Propellant Symposium,Picatinny Chapter of the American Defense Preparedness Association,1994,11:14-17.
[17]王琼林.发射药表面钝感包覆新技术研究报告[R].西安:西安近代化学研究所,1995
[18]王琼林.发射药程序控制燃烧技术基础研究中期总结报告[C]//2006年度发射药程序控制燃烧技术专题讨论会.西安:西安近代化学研究所,2006.
[19]王琼林,刘少武,于慧芳等.高性能改性单基发射药的制备与性能[J].火炸药学报,2007,30(6):68-71.
[20]王琼林等.具有洁净燃烧特征的高分子钝感枪药[J].火炸药学报,2003,26(4):5-7
[21]王琼林.国外枪炮发射药技术发展概况[J].火炸药学报.1998(4):54-58
[22]王琼林,杨文宝,郝宁.国外发射药钝感包覆技术研究进展[J].火炸药,1994,3:40-43
[23]堵平,何卫东,王泽山.发射药用聚二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯钝感包覆层性能研究[J].火炸药学报,2007,30(5):70-73
[24]堵平,何卫东,王泽山.低温感发射药包覆层的力学性能[J].火炸药学报,2005,28(2):35-38
[25]罗运军,应三九,王泽山,贺晓军.包覆火药破孔规律的研究[J].南京理工大学学报,1995,(06):489-492
[26]芮久后,黄辉,王泽山.硝胺包覆火药工艺及弹道性能研究[C],2004年全国含能材料发展与应用学术研讨会论文集,2004:147-149
[27]王琼林.国外枪炮发射药技术发展概况[J].火炸药学报.1998(4):54-58.
[28]蔺向阳,潘仁明,薛耀辉.GIBR叠层方片形发射药的燃烧特征[J].燃烧科学与技术.2007,13(2):187-191
[29]萧忠良,贺增弟,刘幼平等.变燃速发射药的原理与实现方法[J].火炸药学报,2005,28(1):25-27.
[30]张丽华,马忠亮等.几何尺寸对管状变燃速发射药燃烧性能的影响[J].火炸药学报.2007,30(2):13-16
[31]王泽山.控制发射装药燃气生成规律的一种方法[J].华北工学院学报,2001,22(4):252-255
[32]贺增弟,刘幼平等.变燃速发射药的燃烧性能[J].火炸药学报,2004,27(3):10-12
[33]贺增第,刘幼平等.变燃速发射药的低温感性能[J].火炸药学报,2006,29(1):65-67
[34]范文洲.程序控制开裂棒状发射药的燃烧性能[J].火炸药,1996,4:4-5
[35]Emary David E,Stanley Michael J,et.al.Charge design and performance of ball powder propellants in large caliber gun systems[C].In:13th International Symposium on Ballistics,Stockholm,1992.311-318
[36]石磊.变密度球扁药成型工艺研究[学士论文].南京:南京理工大学,2006.6
[37]殷继刚.多气孔球扁发射药结构、成型工艺及性能[硕士论文].南京:南京理工大学,2006.6
[38]寇波.分层多气孔球形药的制备、表征及性能研究[硕士论文].南京:南京理工大学,2007.6
[39]鲍廷钰,邱文坚.内弹道学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995
[40]八○一研究室.内弹道学[M].南京:华东工学院,1986
[41]谈乐斌、张相炎等.火炮概论[M].北京理工大学出版社,2005
[42]Albert W.Horst.A Brief Journey Through the History of Gun Propulsion[M].Army Research Laboratory,2005
[43]王泽山,何卫东,徐复铭.火药装药设计原理与技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006
[44]宋健,陈磊,李效军.微胶囊化技术及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001
[45]王泽山.火炸药科学技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002
[46]应三九,徐复铭,王泽山.改进弹道性能的发射药表面处理[J].南京理工大学学报,1996,(20):2-3
[2]张豪侠.迅速发展的密室发射药装药技术[J].现代兵器,1991,12:37-40
[3]May Ingo W,Juhasz Arpad A.Combustion processes in consolidated propellants[R].AD-A101163
[4]Juhasz Arpad A.May I W,Aungst W P,Doali J O,Bowman R E.Combustion characteristics of consolidated propellants[R].AD-A084680
[5]Doali J Omar,Juhasz Arpad A,Bowman Roger E,Augst William P.Combustion characteristics of consolidated propellants resulting from different consolidation techniques[R].AD-A201106
[6]张豪侠,马连雨.迅速发展的密实发射装药技术[J],弹道学报,1992,1:92-96
[7]王泽山.发射药技术的展望[J].华北工学院学报(社科版),2001增刊:36-40
[8]萧忠良.提高火炮初速(动能)技术途径与潜力分析[J].华北工学院学报.2001,22(4):277-280
[9]Rivem J.Combustion Behavior of Programmed Splitting Stick Propellan[R].AD-A242661
[10]罗运军,李锋.发射药燃烧控制技术的研究[J].燃烧科学与技术.1998,4(1):24-30
[11]罗运军,余永刚.增能钝感包覆火药的燃烧与弹道性能[J].内弹道学报,1998.10(1):7-10.
[12]李上文,赵风起.高技术武器与先进火炸药技术[J].火炸药学报,1998(4):51-54.
[13]李理,张玉荣等.发射药中钝感剂含量与分布的测定[J].火炸药学报,2006,29(4):65-67
[14]梁勇,王琼林等.增能钝感单基药的燃烧特性[J].含能材料,2007,15(6):597-599
[15]Beat Vogelsanger,Ulrich Schadeli,Dominik Antenen,et al.A new nitroglycerine free and sensitiveness reduced propellant for medium caliber and molar applications[C]//33rd ICT,2002
[16]Juhani Lumia,Juha Pursiainen,Rose A.High energy nitrocellulose propellant:Nitroglycerine enhanced single base[C]//The Sixth International Propellant Symposium,Picatinny Chapter of the American Defense Preparedness Association,1994,11:14-17.
[17]王琼林.发射药表面钝感包覆新技术研究报告[R].西安:西安近代化学研究所,1995
[18]王琼林.发射药程序控制燃烧技术基础研究中期总结报告[C]//2006年度发射药程序控制燃烧技术专题讨论会.西安:西安近代化学研究所,2006.
[19]王琼林,刘少武,于慧芳等.高性能改性单基发射药的制备与性能[J].火炸药学报,2007,30(6):68-71.
[20]王琼林等.具有洁净燃烧特征的高分子钝感枪药[J].火炸药学报,2003,26(4):5-7
[21]王琼林.国外枪炮发射药技术发展概况[J].火炸药学报.1998(4):54-58
[22]王琼林,杨文宝,郝宁.国外发射药钝感包覆技术研究进展[J].火炸药,1994,3:40-43
[23]堵平,何卫东,王泽山.发射药用聚二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯钝感包覆层性能研究[J].火炸药学报,2007,30(5):70-73
[24]堵平,何卫东,王泽山.低温感发射药包覆层的力学性能[J].火炸药学报,2005,28(2):35-38
[25]罗运军,应三九,王泽山,贺晓军.包覆火药破孔规律的研究[J].南京理工大学学报,1995,(06):489-492
[26]芮久后,黄辉,王泽山.硝胺包覆火药工艺及弹道性能研究[C],2004年全国含能材料发展与应用学术研讨会论文集,2004:147-149
[27]王琼林.国外枪炮发射药技术发展概况[J].火炸药学报.1998(4):54-58.
[28]蔺向阳,潘仁明,薛耀辉.GIBR叠层方片形发射药的燃烧特征[J].燃烧科学与技术.2007,13(2):187-191
[29]萧忠良,贺增弟,刘幼平等.变燃速发射药的原理与实现方法[J].火炸药学报,2005,28(1):25-27.
[30]张丽华,马忠亮等.几何尺寸对管状变燃速发射药燃烧性能的影响[J].火炸药学报.2007,30(2):13-16
[31]王泽山.控制发射装药燃气生成规律的一种方法[J].华北工学院学报,2001,22(4):252-255
[32]贺增弟,刘幼平等.变燃速发射药的燃烧性能[J].火炸药学报,2004,27(3):10-12
[33]贺增第,刘幼平等.变燃速发射药的低温感性能[J].火炸药学报,2006,29(1):65-67
[34]范文洲.程序控制开裂棒状发射药的燃烧性能[J].火炸药,1996,4:4-5
[35]Emary David E,Stanley Michael J,et.al.Charge design and performance of ball powder propellants in large caliber gun systems[C].In:13th International Symposium on Ballistics,Stockholm,1992.311-318
[36]石磊.变密度球扁药成型工艺研究[学士论文].南京:南京理工大学,2006.6
[37]殷继刚.多气孔球扁发射药结构、成型工艺及性能[硕士论文].南京:南京理工大学,2006.6
[38]寇波.分层多气孔球形药的制备、表征及性能研究[硕士论文].南京:南京理工大学,2007.6
[39]鲍廷钰,邱文坚.内弹道学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995
[40]八○一研究室.内弹道学[M].南京:华东工学院,1986
[41]谈乐斌、张相炎等.火炮概论[M].北京理工大学出版社,2005
[42]Albert W.Horst.A Brief Journey Through the History of Gun Propulsion[M].Army Research Laboratory,2005
[43]王泽山,何卫东,徐复铭.火药装药设计原理与技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2006
[44]宋健,陈磊,李效军.微胶囊化技术及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2001
[45]王泽山.火炸药科学技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002
[46]应三九,徐复铭,王泽山.改进弹道性能的发射药表面处理[J].南京理工大学学报,1996,(20):2-3