标准抛放弹装药技术研究
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摘要
本文介绍了标准抛放弹的装药结构，标准抛放弹用发射药的类型、药型、装药量及装填密度。对发射药的能量示性数进行了计算。通过不同发射药的比较，指出标准抛放弹用三种发射药为：
园片发射药：含有少量碳酸钙的高氮量单基药。
5／1发射药：经石墨光泽的含有少量DBP和安定剂DPA、Ⅱ号中定剂的高氮量单基药。
9／7发射药：以硝化棉为主体，添加硝基胍、DBP、Ⅰ号中定剂、碳酸钙等附加成份的高氮量单基药。
结合试验分析了标准抛放弹用三种发射药的化学安定性，燃烧性能，烧蚀性，相容性，感度，火药力，吸湿性，耐高低温冲击性能。
三种发射药各组分药剂之间均具有较好的相容性，与一般发射药相比具有较高的火药力，较低的烧蚀性；优良的耐高低温冲击性能。
通过对标准抛放弹点传火系统研究，指出点传火系统应利用渐进点火原理进行可靠点火设计，渐进点火的顺序为：点火药→园片过渡发射药→5／1过渡发射药→9／7主装发射药。
通过研究标准抛放弹的特点，指出发射装药应由三种发射药按一定比例自由混装而成，薄弧厚的园片过渡发射药和5／1过渡发射药依次点燃，最后燃烧大弧厚的七孔主装药。抛放弹的药型为圆片、单孔和七孔，弧厚依次增大，具有较好的渐增燃烧性。
This paper describes the charge configuration of a typical cartridge, and the type, shape, charge weight and charge density of the propellant with which a typical cartridge is charged. The indicating value of the energy produced by the propellant has been calculated. By comparing different types of propellant with one another, the paper indicates that three types of propellant with which a typical cartridge is charged are as follows:Flake propellant: single base powder with high nitrogen and low calcium carbonate.5/1 propellant: graphitized single base powder with little DBP, stabilizer DPA and gelatinized stabilizer II, and high nitrogen.9/7 propellant: high-nitrogen single-base powder with nitrocellulose as main component, and nitroguanidine, DBP, gerlatinized stabilizer I, calcium carbonate and so on as additives.Through experimentation, the paper analyzes the chemical stability, burning quality, burn-through performance, compatibility, sensitivity, strength, moisture absorption, high-or low- temperature resistance of three types of propellant.The ingredients for each of three types of modified single base propellant are well compatible with one another. Compared with ordinary propellant, it has high strength, low burn-through performance and very good high- or low-temperature resistance.By studying the ignition and transmission system of a typical cartridge, the paper indicates that when the ignition and transmission system is designed, the step-by-step ignition principle should be used for reliable ignition design. The sequence of the step-by-step ignition is: ignition powder - flake intermediate powder 5/1 intermediate powder - 9/7 main-charge powder.By studying the characteristics of a typical cartridge, the paper indicates that the powder charge should be a mixture of three types of propellant in a given proportion. The small-arc thickness flake intermediate powder and 5/1 intermediate powder are fired in sequence and the big-arc thickness 7-hole main-charge powder is finally fired. The
powder shape of a cartridge is flake, single-hole and seven-hole powder and the arc thickness is increased in sequence, thus being good at increasing combustibility step by step.
园片发射药：含有少量碳酸钙的高氮量单基药。
5／1发射药：经石墨光泽的含有少量DBP和安定剂DPA、Ⅱ号中定剂的高氮量单基药。
9／7发射药：以硝化棉为主体，添加硝基胍、DBP、Ⅰ号中定剂、碳酸钙等附加成份的高氮量单基药。
结合试验分析了标准抛放弹用三种发射药的化学安定性，燃烧性能，烧蚀性，相容性，感度，火药力，吸湿性，耐高低温冲击性能。
三种发射药各组分药剂之间均具有较好的相容性，与一般发射药相比具有较高的火药力，较低的烧蚀性；优良的耐高低温冲击性能。
通过对标准抛放弹点传火系统研究，指出点传火系统应利用渐进点火原理进行可靠点火设计，渐进点火的顺序为：点火药→园片过渡发射药→5／1过渡发射药→9／7主装发射药。
通过研究标准抛放弹的特点，指出发射装药应由三种发射药按一定比例自由混装而成，薄弧厚的园片过渡发射药和5／1过渡发射药依次点燃，最后燃烧大弧厚的七孔主装药。抛放弹的药型为圆片、单孔和七孔，弧厚依次增大，具有较好的渐增燃烧性。
This paper describes the charge configuration of a typical cartridge, and the type, shape, charge weight and charge density of the propellant with which a typical cartridge is charged. The indicating value of the energy produced by the propellant has been calculated. By comparing different types of propellant with one another, the paper indicates that three types of propellant with which a typical cartridge is charged are as follows:Flake propellant: single base powder with high nitrogen and low calcium carbonate.5/1 propellant: graphitized single base powder with little DBP, stabilizer DPA and gelatinized stabilizer II, and high nitrogen.9/7 propellant: high-nitrogen single-base powder with nitrocellulose as main component, and nitroguanidine, DBP, gerlatinized stabilizer I, calcium carbonate and so on as additives.Through experimentation, the paper analyzes the chemical stability, burning quality, burn-through performance, compatibility, sensitivity, strength, moisture absorption, high-or low- temperature resistance of three types of propellant.The ingredients for each of three types of modified single base propellant are well compatible with one another. Compared with ordinary propellant, it has high strength, low burn-through performance and very good high- or low-temperature resistance.By studying the ignition and transmission system of a typical cartridge, the paper indicates that when the ignition and transmission system is designed, the step-by-step ignition principle should be used for reliable ignition design. The sequence of the step-by-step ignition is: ignition powder - flake intermediate powder 5/1 intermediate powder - 9/7 main-charge powder.By studying the characteristics of a typical cartridge, the paper indicates that the powder charge should be a mixture of three types of propellant in a given proportion. The small-arc thickness flake intermediate powder and 5/1 intermediate powder are fired in sequence and the big-arc thickness 7-hole main-charge powder is finally fired. The
powder shape of a cartridge is flake, single-hole and seven-hole powder and the arc thickness is increased in sequence, thus being good at increasing combustibility step by step.
引文
[1] 美国军用规范《飞机悬挂装置》．MLL-D-81303A(A·S)
[2] 《北大西洋公约组织标准化协议》．STANAG 3556(第三版)
[3] 《北大西洋公约组织标准化协议》．STANAG 3556(第五版)
[4] 《抛放弹通用规范》．GJB 2339-95
[5] 《钝感电起爆器通用设计规范》．GJB 344-87
[6] 陈玉琨．《19、20型航空抛放弹研制总结》．804厂，1990
[7] 《机载悬挂物和悬挂装置接合部位的设计通用准则》．GJB 1B-95
[8] 黄人骏，宋洪昌．《火药设计基础》．北京理工大学出版社，1997
[9] 王泽山．《火炮装药结构设计》．华东工学院，2000
[10] 张豪侠．《国外发射装药技术及其发展》．210所，1991
[11] 《MK3标准抛放弹解剖测绘报告》．804厂，1995
[12] 王泽山．《火药装药设计原理》．北京理工大学出版社，1997
[13] 刘庆荣，王泽山，吉法祥等．《火药装药设计》．国防工业出版社，1986
[14] 黄人骏．《火药设计》．北京理工大学出版社，1997
[15] 《火炸药手册》，第一、二、三分册．第五机械工业部第二○四研究所，1981
[16] 蔡瑞娇．《火工品设计原理》．北京理工大学出版社，1993
[17] 《火炸药定型规程》，GJB 1466-92
[18] 《火工品可靠性评估方法》，GJB 376-87
[19] 张豪侠．《国外发射装药技术研究的新进展》．210所，1987
[2] 《北大西洋公约组织标准化协议》．STANAG 3556(第三版)
[3] 《北大西洋公约组织标准化协议》．STANAG 3556(第五版)
[4] 《抛放弹通用规范》．GJB 2339-95
[5] 《钝感电起爆器通用设计规范》．GJB 344-87
[6] 陈玉琨．《19、20型航空抛放弹研制总结》．804厂，1990
[7] 《机载悬挂物和悬挂装置接合部位的设计通用准则》．GJB 1B-95
[8] 黄人骏，宋洪昌．《火药设计基础》．北京理工大学出版社，1997
[9] 王泽山．《火炮装药结构设计》．华东工学院，2000
[10] 张豪侠．《国外发射装药技术及其发展》．210所，1991
[11] 《MK3标准抛放弹解剖测绘报告》．804厂，1995
[12] 王泽山．《火药装药设计原理》．北京理工大学出版社，1997
[13] 刘庆荣，王泽山，吉法祥等．《火药装药设计》．国防工业出版社，1986
[14] 黄人骏．《火药设计》．北京理工大学出版社，1997
[15] 《火炸药手册》，第一、二、三分册．第五机械工业部第二○四研究所，1981
[16] 蔡瑞娇．《火工品设计原理》．北京理工大学出版社，1993
[17] 《火炸药定型规程》，GJB 1466-92
[18] 《火工品可靠性评估方法》，GJB 376-87
[19] 张豪侠．《国外发射装药技术研究的新进展》．210所，1987