磷石膏、粉煤灰在水泥生产中的应用研究
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摘要
磷石膏是磷酸工业和某些合成洗涤产品工业的副产品，粉煤灰是在煤灰锅炉废气中收集下来的粉末。该两种工业废渣由于排放量大，利用率低，污染严重。如何利用该两种工业废渣是当前生态工作者研究的重点之一。
磷石膏中含有CASO4.2H2O在90％以上，可用做水泥生产的辅助原料，我国中小磷石膏排放厂较多，中小水泥厂更是分布广泛，应此开展磷石膏应用研究，在我国具有十分重大的现实意义。本课题通过对磷石膏的改性研究，开发出改性石膏球，取代天然二水石膏用作水泥生产调凝剂，提高了磷石膏的使用价值。
粉煤灰在我国年排放量达1.6吨，但目前总利用率仅为45％累计堆存达22亿，吨占地2.9公顷。如何有效的利用粉煤灰是水泥行业的重要研究课题，通过本课题研究，开发新的粉煤灰活化激发剂，制成活性高的粉煤灰料球，用作水泥生产的活性混合材。提高了粉煤灰的使用价值，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。
Phosphorus-gypsum is a by-product of phosphoric acid and some Compound Washing product industry . Powdered coal ash is a kind of powder which collected from waste gases of coal ash boiler . Because of it's large quantity of emission, low availability, serious pollution. How to make good use of the two kinds of industrial dross is one of the emphasis of research for ecologist.
Phosphorus-gypsum, containing 90% of CaSO4-2H2O, Can be used as auxiliary material for production of Cement. There are many phosphorus-gypsum emitting factories and small cement plants in our country . So it has very significant real meanings to research phosphorus-gypsum for applied use . Modifying gypsum ball was exploited which substituted crude phosphorus -gypsum as regulate set agent, for cement production . This upgraded the using valuation of phosphorus -gypsum.
The amount of emission of powder coal ash is 1.6 ton per year, but it's total availability is only 45%. By now , the accumulating amount is 2200 million tons , occupying area of 2.9 hectare . How to make good use of powder coal ash is a very significant researching project .New excitating agent was exploited which is for powder coal asn activation , produced high activating powder coal ash ball, used as mixed material for cement production . All of these improved the using valuation of powder coal ash .it has significant economic benefit and social benefit.
磷石膏中含有CASO4.2H2O在90％以上，可用做水泥生产的辅助原料，我国中小磷石膏排放厂较多，中小水泥厂更是分布广泛，应此开展磷石膏应用研究，在我国具有十分重大的现实意义。本课题通过对磷石膏的改性研究，开发出改性石膏球，取代天然二水石膏用作水泥生产调凝剂，提高了磷石膏的使用价值。
粉煤灰在我国年排放量达1.6吨，但目前总利用率仅为45％累计堆存达22亿，吨占地2.9公顷。如何有效的利用粉煤灰是水泥行业的重要研究课题，通过本课题研究，开发新的粉煤灰活化激发剂，制成活性高的粉煤灰料球，用作水泥生产的活性混合材。提高了粉煤灰的使用价值，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。
Phosphorus-gypsum is a by-product of phosphoric acid and some Compound Washing product industry . Powdered coal ash is a kind of powder which collected from waste gases of coal ash boiler . Because of it's large quantity of emission, low availability, serious pollution. How to make good use of the two kinds of industrial dross is one of the emphasis of research for ecologist.
Phosphorus-gypsum, containing 90% of CaSO4-2H2O, Can be used as auxiliary material for production of Cement. There are many phosphorus-gypsum emitting factories and small cement plants in our country . So it has very significant real meanings to research phosphorus-gypsum for applied use . Modifying gypsum ball was exploited which substituted crude phosphorus -gypsum as regulate set agent, for cement production . This upgraded the using valuation of phosphorus -gypsum.
The amount of emission of powder coal ash is 1.6 ton per year, but it's total availability is only 45%. By now , the accumulating amount is 2200 million tons , occupying area of 2.9 hectare . How to make good use of powder coal ash is a very significant researching project .New excitating agent was exploited which is for powder coal asn activation , produced high activating powder coal ash ball, used as mixed material for cement production . All of these improved the using valuation of powder coal ash .it has significant economic benefit and social benefit.
引文
[1]彭家惠，彭志辉，张建新，万体智．磷石膏中可溶磷形态分布及其对性能影响机制的研究．硅酸盐学报，2000，NO，8
[2]沈卫国，周明凯，赵青林，梁修生，万铭芳．粉煤灰磷石膏早强路面基层材料的研究．粉煤灰综合利用．2001．NO，2
[3]王星斌，林春玉．磷石膏的微量组分及其对水泥凝结时间和硬化的影响．水泥．1993，NO，5
[4]王晓钧，杨南如，钟白茜．粉煤灰—石灰—水系统反应机理探讨．硅酸盐学报．1996，NO，4
[5]王爱勤，杨南如，钟白茜．粉煤灰水泥的水化动力学．硅酸盐学报．1997，NO，4
[6]王华，宋存义，张强粉．粉煤灰改性吸附材料及其吸附机理．粉煤灰综合利用．2000，NO，4
[7]Fanor Mondragon, Fabio Rinco, Ligia Sierra. New Perspective for Coal Ash Utilization: Synthesis of Zeolitc Materials, Fuel, Vo.69,263～266,1990
[8]吴海波，吴帆．改质磷石膏作水泥缓凝剂的试验．水泥．2000，NO，8
[9]N.Shigemoto,H.Hayashi. Selective formation of Na-Xzeolite from coal fly ash by with sodium hydroxide perior to hydrotheroaml reaction Journal of Material Science, 28,4781～4786.1993
[10]马献刚，徐留彦．磷石膏部分代替二水石膏的试验及应用．水泥．2000，NO，5
[11]孙孝．用磷石膏作水泥调凝剂的探讨．水泥．2000，NO，6
[12]彭家惠，彭志辉，张建新，万体智．二水磷石膏粉煤灰复合胶结材研究．粉煤灰综合利用．2001，NO，1
[13]童雪莉，张晓东．P·O对硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物组成影响的研究．硅酸盐学报．1986，NO，1
[14]王兆利，高倩，赵铁军．建筑石膏和磷石膏的改性．粉煤灰综合利用．2001，NO，4
[15]孙抱真，贾传久，水翠娟．粉煤灰颗粒形貌及其物理性质．硅酸盐学报．1982，NO，11
[16]谷章昭，乐美龙，伍劲夫，梁天仁，王维君，粉煤灰活性的研究．硅酸盐学报．1982，NO，2
[17]朱玉锋，粉煤灰的表面改性和改性粉煤灰水泥．硅酸盐学报．1989，NO，1
[18]于继寿，李仁福，隋成飞，赵传文．酸碱激活粉煤灰的研究．粉煤灰综合利用．2000，NO，2
[19]张呸兴．磷石膏低碱度水泥及其水化特性．硅酸盐学报．1996，NO，2
[20]M.Kokubu, Proc.of the 5th Intern. Symp.on Chem.of Cement,Part Ⅳ, Tokyo,75—105(1968)
[21]R. Sersale,7th Intern. Cong.on Chem.of Cement, Vol.1, Part Ⅳ-1,Paris,3-18(1980)
[22]钱觉时，吴传明，王智．粉煤灰的矿物组成．粉煤灰综合利用．2001，NO，1
[23]K.Takemoto and H.Vchikawa,7th Intern.Cong.on Chem.of Cement,Vol.1,Part Ⅳ-2 Paris, 1-29(1980)
[24]P.Yan,W.Yang,X.Qin,Y.You.Microstructure and properties of binder of fly ash-fiuorgypsum-portl and cement. Cem.Concr.Res. 1999,29(1):349-354
[25]Diamond S,Ravina D,Lovell J, The occurrence of duplex films on fly ash surface. Cern Concr,Res,1980;10(2):297
[26]王培铭，陈志源．粉煤灰与水泥浆体间界面的形貌特征．硅酸盐学报．1997，NO，4
[27]李纪青，秘洁芳．劣质粉煤灰的改性激活及高强度粉煤灰砌块的研究．粉煤灰综合利用．2000，NO，2
[28]周松林，王雅琴．外加剂对磷石膏还原分解过程的影响．硅酸盐通报．1998，NO，4
[29]彭家惠，张建新，彭志辉，林常青．磷石膏作水泥缓凝剂及其成粒工艺研究．水泥．2001，NO，2
[30]施惠生，范付忠，冯涛．高钙粉煤灰的机械力化学改性．粉煤灰综合利用．2000，NO，4
[31]Manjit Singh, Mridul Grag.Phosphogypsum-fly ash cementious binder—it's hydration and strength development[J].Cem.Concr Res,1985,25:752-758
[32]Olmez H,Yimaz V T.Infared study on the refinement of phosphogypsum forcements[J].Cem concr Res, 1988,18:449-454
[33]Oh JS,Wheelock TD.Reductive decomposition of calium sulfate with carbon monoxide.Ind Eng.Chem.Res.1990,29:544-550
[34]Judith L,Larosa,Stephen kwan and Mchael W.Grutzeck.Zeolite Formation in Class Fly Ash Blended Cenment Pastes.J.Am.Ceram. Soc,75[6]1574-1580,1992
[35]Lea F M. The Chemistry of Cement and Concrete. London:Edward Amold Ltd,1970:412-419
[36]Aneh Singer and Vadim Berkgaut. Cation Exchange properties of Hydrothermally Treated Coal Fly Ash, Environ. Sci.Techol, 29,1753,1995
[37]S.Mindess and J.F.Yong.Concrete,Pentic-Holl Inc.USA,1981
[38]O.Couch. Understanding slagging and fouling in pf combustion. IEA Coal Research,London, 1994
[39]Michael W. Grutzeck.D.D.Siemer.Zeolite.Synthesized from Class Fly Ash and Sodium Aluminate Slurry.J.Am.Ceram.Soc.80(9) 2449-53,1997
[40]S.Diamond and Olek.Mat.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc,Vol.86,1997, pp315-324
[41]R.T.Hemmings and E.E.Brry.Mat.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc.Vol.65, 1986,91-104
[42]R.T.Hemmings and E.E.Brry.Mat.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc.Vol.113, 1988,PP3-39
[43]冯培植，李发堂，华卫东，王德松．不同石膏掺量对新型贝利特水泥性能的影响．水泥．2000，NO，1
[44]洪雷，张勇．粉煤灰的高效活化剂的研制与应用．粉煤灰综合利用．2001，NO，2
[45]刘振清，黄卫，王建伟．外加剂对二灰稳定尾矿料混合料早期强度增长的影响与机理分析．粉煤灰综合利用．2002，NO，2
[46]李卫国．提高粉煤灰活性的新途径．硅酸盐建筑制品，1993(1)：18
[47]潘群雄等．影响碱—粉煤灰—矿渣基胶凝材料性能因素的探讨．水泥工程，1992(2)：1～4
[48]成希弼．水泥中所用石膏种类及其溶解度的关系．硅酸盐学报，1987，15(2)：179～181
[49]李果栋．结构因素对粉煤灰活性激发的影响．粉煤灰综合利用．1998(4)，3～7
[50]法国石膏工业协会著．石膏．北京．：建筑工业出版社，1987
[51]潘群雄等．煅烧硬石膏激发粉煤灰水泥活性影响因素的探讨．水泥，1997
[52]潘群雄等．煅烧硬石膏激发粉煤灰水泥活性的研究．粉煤灰综合利用，1999，1
[53]魏超平．磷石膏综合利用现状与探讨[J]．新型建筑材料，1994，2：30—33
[2]沈卫国，周明凯，赵青林，梁修生，万铭芳．粉煤灰磷石膏早强路面基层材料的研究．粉煤灰综合利用．2001．NO，2
[3]王星斌，林春玉．磷石膏的微量组分及其对水泥凝结时间和硬化的影响．水泥．1993，NO，5
[4]王晓钧，杨南如，钟白茜．粉煤灰—石灰—水系统反应机理探讨．硅酸盐学报．1996，NO，4
[5]王爱勤，杨南如，钟白茜．粉煤灰水泥的水化动力学．硅酸盐学报．1997，NO，4
[6]王华，宋存义，张强粉．粉煤灰改性吸附材料及其吸附机理．粉煤灰综合利用．2000，NO，4
[7]Fanor Mondragon, Fabio Rinco, Ligia Sierra. New Perspective for Coal Ash Utilization: Synthesis of Zeolitc Materials, Fuel, Vo.69,263～266,1990
[8]吴海波，吴帆．改质磷石膏作水泥缓凝剂的试验．水泥．2000，NO，8
[9]N.Shigemoto,H.Hayashi. Selective formation of Na-Xzeolite from coal fly ash by with sodium hydroxide perior to hydrotheroaml reaction Journal of Material Science, 28,4781～4786.1993
[10]马献刚，徐留彦．磷石膏部分代替二水石膏的试验及应用．水泥．2000，NO，5
[11]孙孝．用磷石膏作水泥调凝剂的探讨．水泥．2000，NO，6
[12]彭家惠，彭志辉，张建新，万体智．二水磷石膏粉煤灰复合胶结材研究．粉煤灰综合利用．2001，NO，1
[13]童雪莉，张晓东．P·O对硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物组成影响的研究．硅酸盐学报．1986，NO，1
[14]王兆利，高倩，赵铁军．建筑石膏和磷石膏的改性．粉煤灰综合利用．2001，NO，4
[15]孙抱真，贾传久，水翠娟．粉煤灰颗粒形貌及其物理性质．硅酸盐学报．1982，NO，11
[16]谷章昭，乐美龙，伍劲夫，梁天仁，王维君，粉煤灰活性的研究．硅酸盐学报．1982，NO，2
[17]朱玉锋，粉煤灰的表面改性和改性粉煤灰水泥．硅酸盐学报．1989，NO，1
[18]于继寿，李仁福，隋成飞，赵传文．酸碱激活粉煤灰的研究．粉煤灰综合利用．2000，NO，2
[19]张呸兴．磷石膏低碱度水泥及其水化特性．硅酸盐学报．1996，NO，2
[20]M.Kokubu, Proc.of the 5th Intern. Symp.on Chem.of Cement,Part Ⅳ, Tokyo,75—105(1968)
[21]R. Sersale,7th Intern. Cong.on Chem.of Cement, Vol.1, Part Ⅳ-1,Paris,3-18(1980)
[22]钱觉时，吴传明，王智．粉煤灰的矿物组成．粉煤灰综合利用．2001，NO，1
[23]K.Takemoto and H.Vchikawa,7th Intern.Cong.on Chem.of Cement,Vol.1,Part Ⅳ-2 Paris, 1-29(1980)
[24]P.Yan,W.Yang,X.Qin,Y.You.Microstructure and properties of binder of fly ash-fiuorgypsum-portl and cement. Cem.Concr.Res. 1999,29(1):349-354
[25]Diamond S,Ravina D,Lovell J, The occurrence of duplex films on fly ash surface. Cern Concr,Res,1980;10(2):297
[26]王培铭，陈志源．粉煤灰与水泥浆体间界面的形貌特征．硅酸盐学报．1997，NO，4
[27]李纪青，秘洁芳．劣质粉煤灰的改性激活及高强度粉煤灰砌块的研究．粉煤灰综合利用．2000，NO，2
[28]周松林，王雅琴．外加剂对磷石膏还原分解过程的影响．硅酸盐通报．1998，NO，4
[29]彭家惠，张建新，彭志辉，林常青．磷石膏作水泥缓凝剂及其成粒工艺研究．水泥．2001，NO，2
[30]施惠生，范付忠，冯涛．高钙粉煤灰的机械力化学改性．粉煤灰综合利用．2000，NO，4
[31]Manjit Singh, Mridul Grag.Phosphogypsum-fly ash cementious binder—it's hydration and strength development[J].Cem.Concr Res,1985,25:752-758
[32]Olmez H,Yimaz V T.Infared study on the refinement of phosphogypsum forcements[J].Cem concr Res, 1988,18:449-454
[33]Oh JS,Wheelock TD.Reductive decomposition of calium sulfate with carbon monoxide.Ind Eng.Chem.Res.1990,29:544-550
[34]Judith L,Larosa,Stephen kwan and Mchael W.Grutzeck.Zeolite Formation in Class Fly Ash Blended Cenment Pastes.J.Am.Ceram. Soc,75[6]1574-1580,1992
[35]Lea F M. The Chemistry of Cement and Concrete. London:Edward Amold Ltd,1970:412-419
[36]Aneh Singer and Vadim Berkgaut. Cation Exchange properties of Hydrothermally Treated Coal Fly Ash, Environ. Sci.Techol, 29,1753,1995
[37]S.Mindess and J.F.Yong.Concrete,Pentic-Holl Inc.USA,1981
[38]O.Couch. Understanding slagging and fouling in pf combustion. IEA Coal Research,London, 1994
[39]Michael W. Grutzeck.D.D.Siemer.Zeolite.Synthesized from Class Fly Ash and Sodium Aluminate Slurry.J.Am.Ceram.Soc.80(9) 2449-53,1997
[40]S.Diamond and Olek.Mat.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc,Vol.86,1997, pp315-324
[41]R.T.Hemmings and E.E.Brry.Mat.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc.Vol.65, 1986,91-104
[42]R.T.Hemmings and E.E.Brry.Mat.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc.Vol.113, 1988,PP3-39
[43]冯培植，李发堂，华卫东，王德松．不同石膏掺量对新型贝利特水泥性能的影响．水泥．2000，NO，1
[44]洪雷，张勇．粉煤灰的高效活化剂的研制与应用．粉煤灰综合利用．2001，NO，2
[45]刘振清，黄卫，王建伟．外加剂对二灰稳定尾矿料混合料早期强度增长的影响与机理分析．粉煤灰综合利用．2002，NO，2
[46]李卫国．提高粉煤灰活性的新途径．硅酸盐建筑制品，1993(1)：18
[47]潘群雄等．影响碱—粉煤灰—矿渣基胶凝材料性能因素的探讨．水泥工程，1992(2)：1～4
[48]成希弼．水泥中所用石膏种类及其溶解度的关系．硅酸盐学报，1987，15(2)：179～181
[49]李果栋．结构因素对粉煤灰活性激发的影响．粉煤灰综合利用．1998(4)，3～7
[50]法国石膏工业协会著．石膏．北京．：建筑工业出版社，1987
[51]潘群雄等．煅烧硬石膏激发粉煤灰水泥活性影响因素的探讨．水泥，1997
[52]潘群雄等．煅烧硬石膏激发粉煤灰水泥活性的研究．粉煤灰综合利用，1999，1
[53]魏超平．磷石膏综合利用现状与探讨[J]．新型建筑材料，1994，2：30—33