沥青路面永久变形数值模拟及车辙预估
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摘要
沥青混合料的永久变形(车辙)是柔性路面体系最重要的几种破坏类型之一。车辙直接影响路面的平整度和路面使用性能,对汽车行驶的安全性造成危害,而且车辙深度不断积累会造成路面的严重病害。因此实用、合理地预估车辙在我国现阶段的路面设计和管理中是十分必要的。本文参照国内外车辙预估方法,运用ABAQUS有限元软件对沥青路面永久变形进行数值模拟并给出合理的预估方法。
首先根据沪宁高速扩建项目研究,在重庆交科院进行了大型的环道试验。通过对不同基层的路面结构进行高温下的重复加载试验,来模拟实际道路的行车条件。从而分析柔性基层和半刚性基层路面结构在不同交通荷载下的应力、应变和位移响应,以得到沥青路面永久变形与加载次数之间的相关规律。
其次对有限元方法的基本理论进行了介绍,着重分析ABAQUS方法中蠕变模型的原理,以及运用其分析沥青混合料特性的可行性。根据环道试验的相关数据,进行蠕变试验得到沥青混合料的材料参数,并在合理的假定和简化基础上应用有限元软件建立模拟沥青混合料车辙变形的模型,对不同结构在重复荷载下的变形进行数值模拟和分析;
考虑到我国目前车辆超载超限运输情况十分严重,利用有限元计算方法对重载条件下的车辙形成与发展规律进行分析。着重研究不同结构在不同轴载下的车辙响应,并在数值模拟数据的基础上提出基于车辙等效的轴载换算方法,为重载道路的设计和车辙预估提供一些有价值的理论资料。
最后结合试验路的路面结构研究,对车辙预估公式加以修正,并与环道结果相比较。
Permanent deformation (rutting) of HMA is one of the major structural failures of flexible pavements. Significant rutting may influence the smoothness and roughness of asphalt pavements, and endanger the security of running cars. The increased rutting also causes severity diseases of the pavement surface. So predict the potential rutting level practically and reasonably is important in the design and management of the pavement. According to the methods of rutting prediction both at home and abroad, the permanent deformation value was simulated using finite element program ABAQUS. And a reasonable prediction method was given in this paper.
At the beginning, the large scale circular track testing equipment of Chongqing Commnications Research and Design Institute was adopted to simulate real condition of asphalt pavement structure after high temperature. Three types of pavement structure included semi-rigid base and flexible base were produced and analyzed the inherent stress, strain and displacement of asphalt concrete, after about 500,000 repeated loads. Then formation mechanism of rutting and compare the existing methods.
Secondly, the basic theory of finite element method was introduced. The emphasis was the creep model in ABAQUS and the possibility of using it analyzing asphalt mixture. According the interrelated data of the track testing, the material parameters of asphalt mixture were gained from creep test. A model of pavement by finite element software, ABAQUS, was built to simulate the permanent deformation of asphalt pavement, based on reasonable supposition and predigestion. The numerical results were compared with the track test and indicated that the approach was reliable.
Considering the over loading of vehicles was very severity in our country, finite element method was used to simulate the asphalt pavement under heavy duty traffic. The purpose was to find the process of rutting forming and growing, especially the rutting of different structures under repeated loads of varies axles. With all research results above in the calculation, a method regarding rutting depth was developed. These provided some valuable theory for design of over loading pavement and prediction of rutting. Finally, integrated the research on pavement structure of test road,the equations were modified and compared with the results of track test in this study.
首先根据沪宁高速扩建项目研究,在重庆交科院进行了大型的环道试验。通过对不同基层的路面结构进行高温下的重复加载试验,来模拟实际道路的行车条件。从而分析柔性基层和半刚性基层路面结构在不同交通荷载下的应力、应变和位移响应,以得到沥青路面永久变形与加载次数之间的相关规律。
其次对有限元方法的基本理论进行了介绍,着重分析ABAQUS方法中蠕变模型的原理,以及运用其分析沥青混合料特性的可行性。根据环道试验的相关数据,进行蠕变试验得到沥青混合料的材料参数,并在合理的假定和简化基础上应用有限元软件建立模拟沥青混合料车辙变形的模型,对不同结构在重复荷载下的变形进行数值模拟和分析;
考虑到我国目前车辆超载超限运输情况十分严重,利用有限元计算方法对重载条件下的车辙形成与发展规律进行分析。着重研究不同结构在不同轴载下的车辙响应,并在数值模拟数据的基础上提出基于车辙等效的轴载换算方法,为重载道路的设计和车辙预估提供一些有价值的理论资料。
最后结合试验路的路面结构研究,对车辙预估公式加以修正,并与环道结果相比较。
Permanent deformation (rutting) of HMA is one of the major structural failures of flexible pavements. Significant rutting may influence the smoothness and roughness of asphalt pavements, and endanger the security of running cars. The increased rutting also causes severity diseases of the pavement surface. So predict the potential rutting level practically and reasonably is important in the design and management of the pavement. According to the methods of rutting prediction both at home and abroad, the permanent deformation value was simulated using finite element program ABAQUS. And a reasonable prediction method was given in this paper.
At the beginning, the large scale circular track testing equipment of Chongqing Commnications Research and Design Institute was adopted to simulate real condition of asphalt pavement structure after high temperature. Three types of pavement structure included semi-rigid base and flexible base were produced and analyzed the inherent stress, strain and displacement of asphalt concrete, after about 500,000 repeated loads. Then formation mechanism of rutting and compare the existing methods.
Secondly, the basic theory of finite element method was introduced. The emphasis was the creep model in ABAQUS and the possibility of using it analyzing asphalt mixture. According the interrelated data of the track testing, the material parameters of asphalt mixture were gained from creep test. A model of pavement by finite element software, ABAQUS, was built to simulate the permanent deformation of asphalt pavement, based on reasonable supposition and predigestion. The numerical results were compared with the track test and indicated that the approach was reliable.
Considering the over loading of vehicles was very severity in our country, finite element method was used to simulate the asphalt pavement under heavy duty traffic. The purpose was to find the process of rutting forming and growing, especially the rutting of different structures under repeated loads of varies axles. With all research results above in the calculation, a method regarding rutting depth was developed. These provided some valuable theory for design of over loading pavement and prediction of rutting. Finally, integrated the research on pavement structure of test road,the equations were modified and compared with the results of track test in this study.
引文
[1] Titin Handojo. The frame work of statistical Acceptance plan based on the permanent deformation potential of asphalt concrete [D]. Pennsylvania: the Pennsylvania State University, 2001.
[2] HosfraA, Klomp AJ. Permanent deformation of flexible pavement sunder simulated road traffic condition [A]. Proceedings, Third international conference on the structural design of asphalt pavements [C]. London, 1972.
[3] FHWA. Fundamentals of asphalt mixture rutting, Superpave models. Washington: No.2, Univ.of Maryland 1997.
[4] 沙庆林.高速公路沥青路面早期破坏现象及预防[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[5] EisenmannJ, et al. Influence of wheel load and inflation pressure on the rutting effect at asphalt pavement-experimental and the oretical investigations [A]. Proceedings, Six international conference on the structural design of asphalt pavements [C]. Michigan Ann Arbor, 1972.
[6] 沙庆林.高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面 [M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1998.16-72
[7] 徐世法,朱照宏.高等级道路沥青路面车辙的控制与防治[J]. 中国公路学报,1993,6(3):1-7
[8] 吴启宏,译.集料对沥青混凝土路面车辙的影响[J].国外公路,1998,18(1)
[9] Sousa JB, et al. Modeling permanent deformation of asphalt-aggregate mixex [J]. AAPT, 1994, 63.
[10] SHRP. Permanent deformation response of Asphalt aggregate mixes (SHRP-A-415) [R]: Final report, SHRP: National research council, 1994.
[11] 孙立军,张宏超等,沥青路面初期损坏特点和机理分析-重交通沥青路设计方法之一[J]:上海:同济大学学报,2002,30(4)
[12] 中华人民共和国交通部.052-2000 公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程 JTJ[S]. 北京:人民交通出版社
[13] 李闯民,李宇峙.WesTrack 环道试验及期中研究成果[J].国外公路.1998,18(3)
[14] 张登良.沥青路面[M]:北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[15] Jaclb Uzan. Permanent Deformation in Flexible Pavements [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering. ASCE/ January/February 2004, 6-13
[16] Zhong Wu. Finite element simulation of rutting on superpave pavements [D]: Kansas State University, 2001.
[17] A.C.Collop, D.Cebon, M.S.A.Hardy Viscoelastic Approzch to Rutting in Flexible Pavements [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol.121.No.1, January/February. 1995
[18] 李一鸣,俞建荣.沥青路面车辙形成机理力学分析[J].东南大学学报,24(1):90-95
[19] 黄晓明,张晓冰,邓学钧.沥青路面车辙形成规律环道试验研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版).2000.30(5):96-101
[20] 徐世法.高等级道路沥青路面车辙的预估、控制和防治[D]:[博士学位论文]. 上海:同济大学,1992
[21] 韦冉.半刚性基层沥青路面的车辙研究[D]:[硕士学位论文]. 南京::东南大学,1994
[22] 陆辉.轮载作用下沥青路面结构三维非线性有限元分析方法研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学.2001
[23] 王勖成编著,有限单元法[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2003,ISBN 7-302-06462-8
[24] 庄茁等译,ABAQUS/Standard 有限元软件入门指南[M]:北京:清华大学出版社,1998,ISBN 7-03193-2/O`203
[25] 甄伟超.高速公路车辙的形成机理与处理措施[A].国防交通工程与技术.U416.2004.2
[26] 黄文元等.公路超载特征及重载沥青路面交通量参数[J].公路,0451- 0712 (2003) 05- 0056- 04
[27] 郑景轩,蒋勇,胡小弟.我国公路车辆轴载特性对沥青路面的影响分析[J]. 山东交通学院报.2004,12(2)
[28] 杨群.高速公路沥青稳定基层结构与设计方法研究[D]:[博士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2001
[29] 张晓冰,黄晓明.沥青路面温度状况分析[C],第一届全国公路科技创新高层论坛论文集-公路设计与施工卷
[30] 林绣贤,沥青面层永久变形计算中有关参数的确定方法[J],中国公路学报,1989,2(2)
[31] Elie Y. Hajj et al. Development of Laboratory Based Unified Permanent Deformation Model for HMA Mixture. A Paper Submitted for Publication Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting January 9-13, 2005
[32] 刘颖.重载道路路面设计方法研究 [D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2001.5
[33] 王后裕.重载沥青秒结构三维非线性数值分析及工程优化研究 [D].重庆大学博士学位论文.2001.5
[34] 李怀璋,余群.半刚性基层沥青路面车辙的预估方法和试验分析[J].农业机械学报.2002,33(6)
[35] 交通部公路科研所,重载交通沥青路面轴载换算研究总报告
[36] 邓学钧,黄晓明.路面设计原理与方法[M]:北京:人民交通出版社,2001,ISBN 7-114-03885-2/U-02827
[37] 张厚记,刘松,超重载路段中面层抗车辙性能的研究[J],武汉理工大学学报,Vol26.No.6,Jun.2004
[38] 孙兆辉,王铁滨等.抗车辙性能强的合理沥青路面结构初探 [J].东北公路.2000,23(3)
[39] Amy Epps Martin, M.ASCE, Lubinda F. Walubita, et al. Pavement Response and Rutting for Full-Scale and Scaled APT [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering. ASCE/ July/August 2003, 451-461
[40] 赵海滨.上面层沥青混凝土抗车辙性能的研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文.2005.3
[41] 曾凡奇、黄晓明.超载对沥青路面的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2004,4(3):8-10
[42] 江苏省高速公路建设指挥部沥青路面施工技术指导意见汇编[S].江苏省高指内部资料 2003.3
[43] Elie Y. Hajj, Raj V. Siddharthan, et al. Development of Laboratory Based Unified Permanent Deformation Model of HMA Mixture [C]. 84th TRB Annual Meeting January 9-13, 2005
[44] Cluade Villiers et al. Interpretationg of Transverse Profiles to Determine the Source of Rutting within Asphalt Pavement System [C]. 84th TRB Annual Meeting January 9-13, 2005
[2] HosfraA, Klomp AJ. Permanent deformation of flexible pavement sunder simulated road traffic condition [A]. Proceedings, Third international conference on the structural design of asphalt pavements [C]. London, 1972.
[3] FHWA. Fundamentals of asphalt mixture rutting, Superpave models. Washington: No.2, Univ.of Maryland 1997.
[4] 沙庆林.高速公路沥青路面早期破坏现象及预防[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[5] EisenmannJ, et al. Influence of wheel load and inflation pressure on the rutting effect at asphalt pavement-experimental and the oretical investigations [A]. Proceedings, Six international conference on the structural design of asphalt pavements [C]. Michigan Ann Arbor, 1972.
[6] 沙庆林.高等级公路半刚性基层沥青路面 [M]. 北京:人民交通出版社,1998.16-72
[7] 徐世法,朱照宏.高等级道路沥青路面车辙的控制与防治[J]. 中国公路学报,1993,6(3):1-7
[8] 吴启宏,译.集料对沥青混凝土路面车辙的影响[J].国外公路,1998,18(1)
[9] Sousa JB, et al. Modeling permanent deformation of asphalt-aggregate mixex [J]. AAPT, 1994, 63.
[10] SHRP. Permanent deformation response of Asphalt aggregate mixes (SHRP-A-415) [R]: Final report, SHRP: National research council, 1994.
[11] 孙立军,张宏超等,沥青路面初期损坏特点和机理分析-重交通沥青路设计方法之一[J]:上海:同济大学学报,2002,30(4)
[12] 中华人民共和国交通部.052-2000 公路工程沥青及沥青混合料试验规程 JTJ[S]. 北京:人民交通出版社
[13] 李闯民,李宇峙.WesTrack 环道试验及期中研究成果[J].国外公路.1998,18(3)
[14] 张登良.沥青路面[M]:北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[15] Jaclb Uzan. Permanent Deformation in Flexible Pavements [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering. ASCE/ January/February 2004, 6-13
[16] Zhong Wu. Finite element simulation of rutting on superpave pavements [D]: Kansas State University, 2001.
[17] A.C.Collop, D.Cebon, M.S.A.Hardy Viscoelastic Approzch to Rutting in Flexible Pavements [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol.121.No.1, January/February. 1995
[18] 李一鸣,俞建荣.沥青路面车辙形成机理力学分析[J].东南大学学报,24(1):90-95
[19] 黄晓明,张晓冰,邓学钧.沥青路面车辙形成规律环道试验研究[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版).2000.30(5):96-101
[20] 徐世法.高等级道路沥青路面车辙的预估、控制和防治[D]:[博士学位论文]. 上海:同济大学,1992
[21] 韦冉.半刚性基层沥青路面的车辙研究[D]:[硕士学位论文]. 南京::东南大学,1994
[22] 陆辉.轮载作用下沥青路面结构三维非线性有限元分析方法研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学.2001
[23] 王勖成编著,有限单元法[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2003,ISBN 7-302-06462-8
[24] 庄茁等译,ABAQUS/Standard 有限元软件入门指南[M]:北京:清华大学出版社,1998,ISBN 7-03193-2/O`203
[25] 甄伟超.高速公路车辙的形成机理与处理措施[A].国防交通工程与技术.U416.2004.2
[26] 黄文元等.公路超载特征及重载沥青路面交通量参数[J].公路,0451- 0712 (2003) 05- 0056- 04
[27] 郑景轩,蒋勇,胡小弟.我国公路车辆轴载特性对沥青路面的影响分析[J]. 山东交通学院报.2004,12(2)
[28] 杨群.高速公路沥青稳定基层结构与设计方法研究[D]:[博士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2001
[29] 张晓冰,黄晓明.沥青路面温度状况分析[C],第一届全国公路科技创新高层论坛论文集-公路设计与施工卷
[30] 林绣贤,沥青面层永久变形计算中有关参数的确定方法[J],中国公路学报,1989,2(2)
[31] Elie Y. Hajj et al. Development of Laboratory Based Unified Permanent Deformation Model for HMA Mixture. A Paper Submitted for Publication Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting January 9-13, 2005
[32] 刘颖.重载道路路面设计方法研究 [D].长安大学硕士学位论文.2001.5
[33] 王后裕.重载沥青秒结构三维非线性数值分析及工程优化研究 [D].重庆大学博士学位论文.2001.5
[34] 李怀璋,余群.半刚性基层沥青路面车辙的预估方法和试验分析[J].农业机械学报.2002,33(6)
[35] 交通部公路科研所,重载交通沥青路面轴载换算研究总报告
[36] 邓学钧,黄晓明.路面设计原理与方法[M]:北京:人民交通出版社,2001,ISBN 7-114-03885-2/U-02827
[37] 张厚记,刘松,超重载路段中面层抗车辙性能的研究[J],武汉理工大学学报,Vol26.No.6,Jun.2004
[38] 孙兆辉,王铁滨等.抗车辙性能强的合理沥青路面结构初探 [J].东北公路.2000,23(3)
[39] Amy Epps Martin, M.ASCE, Lubinda F. Walubita, et al. Pavement Response and Rutting for Full-Scale and Scaled APT [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering. ASCE/ July/August 2003, 451-461
[40] 赵海滨.上面层沥青混凝土抗车辙性能的研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文.2005.3
[41] 曾凡奇、黄晓明.超载对沥青路面的影响[J].交通运输工程学报,2004,4(3):8-10
[42] 江苏省高速公路建设指挥部沥青路面施工技术指导意见汇编[S].江苏省高指内部资料 2003.3
[43] Elie Y. Hajj, Raj V. Siddharthan, et al. Development of Laboratory Based Unified Permanent Deformation Model of HMA Mixture [C]. 84th TRB Annual Meeting January 9-13, 2005
[44] Cluade Villiers et al. Interpretationg of Transverse Profiles to Determine the Source of Rutting within Asphalt Pavement System [C]. 84th TRB Annual Meeting January 9-13, 2005