秦岭典型矿山泥石流发育规律及环境效应研究
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摘要
秦岭是我国南北重要的地理分界线,其山高坡陡,岩石破碎,暴雨集中,自然泥石流灾害频发。山区独特的成矿地质条件孕育了丰富的矿产资源,区内Pb、Zn、Au、Mo、Sb等金属矿产资源丰富。由于矿产资源的高强度开发,采矿活动对山区地质环境的强烈扰动,弃渣、废石和尾矿的肆意堆放,在原本就处于自然泥石流易发区背景之上,又迭加了更为严重的矿山泥石流隐患,并带来以流域重金属成分扩散为主的环境负效应问题。
论文以秦岭典型金属矿山泥石流为研究对象,通过原型调研、参数提取、采样测试和作图分析,综合运用地质分析、模型计算、灰色系统和分形理论对矿山泥石流的形成条件、主控因素、发育规律和分形特征进行了系统研究。借助分形几何学工具,通过对物源粒度和流域地貌的分形计算,初步探讨了物源粒度分维、流域地貌分维与矿山泥石流危险性、稳定性及流体性质之间的内在联系。
根据地质条件背景、矿产开发现状和矿山泥石流形成因素,建立了一套评价矿山泥石流危险性的指标体系。综合运用灰色系统、模糊数学、免疫遗传算法及人工神经网络等非线性数学理论,建立了适合矿山泥石流危险性综合评估的非线性数学复合模型。借助Visual Basic 6.0和Access程序开发工具,自主开发了“基于IGA-BP的矿山泥石流危险性智能评估系统”,并以矿山泥石流为评估实例,验证了软件系统的准确性和可靠性。
通过系统采集渣石、尾砂、土壤、地表水、底泥和植物组织样品,借助石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计等分析设备,获得了各类样品中的Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu等元素含量。系统分析了各种重金属成分在渣石、尾砂、地表水、底泥、土壤和植物中的富集与迁移转化规律,首次查明了矿山泥石流物源对流域水土及植物的环境负效应问题。
Qinling Mountains is an important dividing line of south and north China, with high and sleep slopes, weathered rock mass and centralized rainstorm, Qinling Mountains is an area where natural debris flow occurs frequently. It is the unique geological condition of mineralization that bred the rich mineral resource, which is rich in polymetallic mineral resources of Pb, Zn, Au, Mo, Sb.As a result of mineral resource's high strength development, intense perturbation of mining activities on the geological environment, as well as reckless stack of waste Slag, waste rock and tailings, It also has been superposed the more serious hidden danger of mine debris flow, and brings negative effect of environment which mainly manifested as heavy metal diffusion.
Taking typical metal mine debris flow in Qinling mountains as the object of study, through prototype investigation and study, parameter extraction, sampling test and mapping analysis, synthesized using geological analysis, model computation, gray system and fractal theory, the author have systematically studied the formation condition of mine debris flow and its master control factor, developmental mechanism and fractal characteristic. With the aid of fractal geometry, through to fractal computation of material sources granularity and watershed topography, the author has initially discussed the inner link between these fractal dimensions and the risk, stable ,fluid nature of mine debris flow.
According to the geological condition background, present situation of mineral resources exploitation and formative factor of mine debris flow, a set of index system has been established which can evaluate the risk of mine debris flow. By comprehensive use of gray system, fuzzy mathematics, immunity genetic algorithm and artificial neural networks, the non-linear mathematics composite model has been established for the risk evaluation of mine debris flow. With the aid of Visual Basic 6.0 and Access programming language, the author has developed independently“The risky intelligence appraisal system of mine debris flow Based on the IGA-BP”, and has confirmed accuracy and reliability for software system which take the mine debris flow as an example.
Through systematically gathering samples of slag, tailings, soil, surface water, sediment and plant tissue, by means of analytical facilities such as graphite oven atom absorption spectrophotometer, each kind of sample element content such as Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu has been obtained.The author has systematically analyzed concentration, migration and transformation rules of heavy metal ingredient in slag, tailings, soil, surface water, sediment and plant tissue, as well as has initially confirmed environment negative effect of material source for mining debris flow on soil, water and plants in gully watershed..
论文以秦岭典型金属矿山泥石流为研究对象,通过原型调研、参数提取、采样测试和作图分析,综合运用地质分析、模型计算、灰色系统和分形理论对矿山泥石流的形成条件、主控因素、发育规律和分形特征进行了系统研究。借助分形几何学工具,通过对物源粒度和流域地貌的分形计算,初步探讨了物源粒度分维、流域地貌分维与矿山泥石流危险性、稳定性及流体性质之间的内在联系。
根据地质条件背景、矿产开发现状和矿山泥石流形成因素,建立了一套评价矿山泥石流危险性的指标体系。综合运用灰色系统、模糊数学、免疫遗传算法及人工神经网络等非线性数学理论,建立了适合矿山泥石流危险性综合评估的非线性数学复合模型。借助Visual Basic 6.0和Access程序开发工具,自主开发了“基于IGA-BP的矿山泥石流危险性智能评估系统”,并以矿山泥石流为评估实例,验证了软件系统的准确性和可靠性。
通过系统采集渣石、尾砂、土壤、地表水、底泥和植物组织样品,借助石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计等分析设备,获得了各类样品中的Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu等元素含量。系统分析了各种重金属成分在渣石、尾砂、地表水、底泥、土壤和植物中的富集与迁移转化规律,首次查明了矿山泥石流物源对流域水土及植物的环境负效应问题。
Qinling Mountains is an important dividing line of south and north China, with high and sleep slopes, weathered rock mass and centralized rainstorm, Qinling Mountains is an area where natural debris flow occurs frequently. It is the unique geological condition of mineralization that bred the rich mineral resource, which is rich in polymetallic mineral resources of Pb, Zn, Au, Mo, Sb.As a result of mineral resource's high strength development, intense perturbation of mining activities on the geological environment, as well as reckless stack of waste Slag, waste rock and tailings, It also has been superposed the more serious hidden danger of mine debris flow, and brings negative effect of environment which mainly manifested as heavy metal diffusion.
Taking typical metal mine debris flow in Qinling mountains as the object of study, through prototype investigation and study, parameter extraction, sampling test and mapping analysis, synthesized using geological analysis, model computation, gray system and fractal theory, the author have systematically studied the formation condition of mine debris flow and its master control factor, developmental mechanism and fractal characteristic. With the aid of fractal geometry, through to fractal computation of material sources granularity and watershed topography, the author has initially discussed the inner link between these fractal dimensions and the risk, stable ,fluid nature of mine debris flow.
According to the geological condition background, present situation of mineral resources exploitation and formative factor of mine debris flow, a set of index system has been established which can evaluate the risk of mine debris flow. By comprehensive use of gray system, fuzzy mathematics, immunity genetic algorithm and artificial neural networks, the non-linear mathematics composite model has been established for the risk evaluation of mine debris flow. With the aid of Visual Basic 6.0 and Access programming language, the author has developed independently“The risky intelligence appraisal system of mine debris flow Based on the IGA-BP”, and has confirmed accuracy and reliability for software system which take the mine debris flow as an example.
Through systematically gathering samples of slag, tailings, soil, surface water, sediment and plant tissue, by means of analytical facilities such as graphite oven atom absorption spectrophotometer, each kind of sample element content such as Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu has been obtained.The author has systematically analyzed concentration, migration and transformation rules of heavy metal ingredient in slag, tailings, soil, surface water, sediment and plant tissue, as well as has initially confirmed environment negative effect of material source for mining debris flow on soil, water and plants in gully watershed..
引文
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