摘要
采矿方法的确定是保证矿山的生产安全、提高劳动生产率、争取更好的经济效益的重要条件。根据矿山所处的社会环境、矿床地质特征、开采技术因素等客观条件,为查干银矿寻求一种安全、高效、低成本的采矿新方法,是本课题研究的根本目的。该矿长期以来使用进路回采下向分层充填采矿法,采场生产能力低,矿石成本高,严重制约了矿山的生存和发展。本课题研究针对查干银矿破碎、倾斜、中厚矿体的采矿技术条件,提出了中深孔分段崩落采矿法的回采新方案,该方案能保证开采工作的安全和良好的劳动条件,生产效率高,开采强度大,矿石成本低,不失为一种行之有效的方法。
本课题研究主要从三个方面开展了工作,首先在详细分析了查干银矿的总体地质特征及开采矿段的矿岩性质、地质储量、水文工程地质条件的基础上,提出了四种技术上可行的回采方案,通过简捷的分析比较其工艺技术、经济效益等指标,最后确定了中深孔分段崩落采矿法方案,并着重对其工艺过程进行了较详细的论述。其次,采用相似模拟试验的办法,运用爆破相似律,模拟井下中深孔爆破,对爆破参数进行了选择优化,实际应用中效果较好,对矿山生产有很好的现实指导意义。最后,分析了矿块底部的地压活动规律,对采准工作中重点工程—底部结构进行了优化设计,并论述了电耙道的维护方法和措施,并在初步了解放矿理论的基础上,确定了本采矿方法的放矿管理制度,为矿山生产作好了理论准备。
Mining methods are important conditions to insure a mine safely producing, raising labor productivity and getting better economy efficiency. It is this paper's prime purpose to find a safe, high efficient and low cost new mining method for Chagan silver deposit according to the mine's social surrounding, geological features and mining techniques etc elements. All the time, Chagan silver deposit used the mining method-advanced mining along the ore body and backed mining below stratification fill. This causes low capable mining productions and high ore cost at present, and greatly effects the mine future progress. This paper gives a new mining method-the blocks of ore-bodies dropping in the middle or deep boreholes. The method is fit and efficient to mine inclined and fragmentary middle thickness ore-bodies of Chagan silver deposit, with insuring safely mining and good labor conditions, raising production efficiency, getting larger amount of mining, and reducing the ore cost.
This paper includes three sections. Firstly, analysing the whole geology, ores and rocks characters of the mining ore-body blocks, geological ore-amounts, water and engineering geology of Chagan silver deposit, the paper gives four technical designs about mining, simply analyses the various designs technicality and economy efficiency, it chooses and emphatically describes a mining design-the blocks of ore-bodies in the middle or deep bore holes. Secondly, according to the explosion similar regularity, choosing various explosion parameters, taking model test, explosion ore modeled in the middle deep boreholes under well. It gets good effect actually and directs the mine to produce. The last, analysing the ground pressure active regularity of the bottom of the ore-body blocks, this paper better designs the important mining works - mining bottom structure, and describes the protection methods and measures of electrical roads. It also gives the mining management system of the mining method on the basis of knowin
g the mining theory, and provides the theory base for the mine producing.
引文
[1] 张厚科,矿岩块度计算机图象分析技术的研究与应用,金属矿山,1979(1):7~10。
[2] 王喜兵,无底柱分段崩落法在邯邢矿山的应用实践,金属矿山,1999(6):11~14。
[3] 胡杏保等,桃冲铁矿低贫化放矿工艺的应用,金属矿山,1998(4):5~7。
[3] 刘兴国等,无底柱分段崩落法与贫化矿矿理论基础,金属矿山,1995(10):5~9。
[4] 连民杰,孔底起爆和孔间微差联合爆破技术的应用,金属矿山,1998(4):8~9。
[5] 解世俊等,金属矿床深部开采的几个技术问题,金属矿山,1998(6):3~6。
[6] 吴爱祥等,我国地下金属矿山连续开采技术研究,金属矿山,1998(7):1~3。
[7] 胡华,对扇形中深孔爆破能量分布规律的再认识,金属矿山,1998(7):19~21。
[8] 陶松霖,凿岩爆破,冶金工业出版社,1986。
[9] 李江等,邯邢矿山崩落采矿法空区下的安全回采,金属矿山,1998(6):1~3。
[10] 采矿设计手册编写委员会,采矿设计手册,矿床开采卷,中国建筑工业出版社,1998。
[11] 杜培军等,空间信息技术在矿山生产和管理中的应用,矿山测量,1998(1):13~15。
[12] 王军英等,采矿方法选择的灰色局势决策,金属矿山,1998(10):4~6。
[13] 李立群等,有底柱分段崩落法覆岩下放矿的控制与管理,金属矿山,1998(12):18~21。
[14] 刘兴国等,计算机模拟放矿在崩落采矿法设计中的应用,矿山技术,1991(3):9~13。
[15] 胡小林,贵溪银矿采场底部结构设计与应用评价,有色金属(矿山部分),2001(1)。
[16] 余佑林,地下金属矿无间柱连续采矿法研究,有色金属(矿山部分),2001(2)。
[17] 古德生,振动出矿技术,中南工业大学出版社,1991。
[18] 宠青蓉,浅谈中孔爆破设计与计算,有色金属,2001(5):32~36。
[19] 义马祥,喷射混凝土支护的几点体会,有色矿山,2001(1):19~21。
[20] 黄志伟、罗建川,我国采矿技术的发展与展望,有色金属,1997(2):4~7。
[21] 朱卫东、苏太和,有底柱阶段崩落法底部结构及放矿制度优化,黄金,1998(3):39~43。
[22] 姚宝魁等,矿山地下采矿稳定性研究,中国科学技术出版社,1994。
[23] 奕军等,现代试验设计优化方法,上海交通大学出版社,1995。
[24] 刘怀恒,数值方法在岩石力学及地下工程中的应用,西南交通大学出版社,1987。
[25] 李洪兴等,工程模糊数学方法及应用,天津科学技术出版社,1993。
[26] Skillings Mining Review "North Amercian Iron Ore Industry at 15—Year Hifh Production of 99.33 Million Gross Long Tons in 1995"Vol: 84No. 30 July29 1995, 20~88。
[27] 齐殿威译,借鉴经验改进地下矿工作,Joumal of Mones Metals & Fuels, Aoril 1996, 141~144。
[28] Stephen A. Orr, Revivisl of Homestske Mine, Mininy magazine, april 1999, 207~215。
[29] R.A. Poole P.V. Golde, Multiple machines—single drill operater on Surface at INCO' s Stobie Mine, CIM Bulletin,January 1992, 63~67。
[30] P.F. Knights, Drawpoint control using radio frqueney identification systems, CIM Bulletin sept 1997, 53~68。
[31] J. Chadwick, Deep mining, Mining Magazint, Jan 1988, 10~21。
[32] P.A. Londqvist. Galmgren, An overview of the Swedish national program Mining technique 2000,16th World Mining Congress Proceedings, 1997(1): 42~49。
[33] B.I. Kudriavtsev, On the selection of rational structural Parameters If ore vibrlfeeds, 1995 Vel. 5, 42~44。
[34] M. SC. Bjorn 16th World Mining Congress Proceeding,1997 Vol. 2, 65~68。
[35] R. Puntous New trends new products and new problems in use lf explosives, Mines of carriers—lndustries minerals,1997, 68~71。