企业家社会关系对制造业企业创新和绩效的影响
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摘要
论文考察了中国广东珠江三角洲制造业企业的商业网络,及其对创新和产业发展过程的影响。通过对企业家、企业主或经理人有关信任以及个人在制造活动中利用商业关系的方式的深度访谈,考察珠江三角洲制造商的网络关系及其社会取向。在数据分析阶段,根据被访者的社会取向,制造商被分成三个群体——少数主义、中间主义和多数主义,并且计算社会变量与创新以及绩效水平之间的相关性。
论文的研究得出了一些值得关注的结果。第一,当网络的结构稠密同时空间延展性好,并且参与网络的企业家(代理人)不但愿意在本地社区中建立紧密的联系,而且将社会关系扩展或延伸到其他社区或地区,网络促进创新的功能可以得到最好的发挥。第二,个人的社会取向和信任能力是对其所在企业的创新,特别是独立创新产生直接贡献的一个重要因素。第三,学者们可以通过将企业的经济活动嵌入到经营者所处的特定的社会环境当中,以此更好地理解创新和产业发展过程。
论文通过在一个制度的框架中解构网络形成、维系和调整背后的机制,在更普遍的意义上提高我们对驱动企业家在社会关系中相互作用的过程的认识。这个制度的框架揭示了企业间关系背后存在竞争和重叠的逻辑关系和原因。这种研究方法不但说明了反映社会资本现状的行为方式,而且描述了导致其形成的过程,对社会资本的研究做出了有益的补充。
着眼于中国本土制造商的成功以及本地化生产能力的提高,政策制定者们必须培育更宽泛意义上的信任。此外,还需进一步加强法律体系(特别是执法部门)以及地方政府部门的改革,并且鼓励政府与企业之间的对话与沟通。一旦信任的层次以及社会的可靠性得到了提高,将鼓励企业家承担风险的行为(如创新)。这种创新动机和创新精神可能将中国的工业发展过程嵌入到更健康和内生化的制度环境当中。
The dissertation examines business networks among manufacturing firms in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong, China. It assesses their influences on innovation and the process of industrial development. Network relations and the social orientations of manufacturers in the area were explored by using in-depth interviews with either enterprise owners or business managers. They focused on issues of trust and the means through which these individuals use business relations in their production activities. In the data analysis phase, manufacturers were divided into three groups—minimalists, pragmatists and maximalists, based on a businessperson's social orientation and correlations between social variables and the levels of innovation and performance that were computed.The analysis leads to a number of noteworthy findings. First, networks best facilitate innovation when they are structurally dense and spatially extended and, when those participants such as entrepreneurs (agents) are willing to create strong bonds in their local communities and to extend social connections to other communities and regions. Second, individual's social orientation and ability to trust is an important factor that contributes directly to innovations (especially dependent innovations) of the firm. Third, scholar can better understand the process of innovation and industrial development by embedding the economic activities of firms in the social contexts available to the individuals managing them.The study more generally improves our understanding of the process driving businesspeople to interact socially. An institutional framework is applied to deconstructs the dynamics behind the network construction, maintenance, and modification. The institutional framework demonstrates that there are competing and overlapping "logics" behind or reasons for inter-firm relations. This approach also contributes to our understanding of social capital by identifying both the patterns of behavior reflecting its presence and the process leading to its creation.If the purpose is to improve the local businessmen's successes and the localized manufacturing capabilities, policymakers have to foster a trust, in a broader sense. Moreover, it has to strengthen the reform of legal system, especially the execution system, and local municipal governments and to encourage communications between governments and companies. Once the trust level and the society's reliability are improved, it is probably true that entrepreneurs would be more willing to take some risk-taking actions, for example, innovations. Such innovation initiatives and spirit may result in embedding China's industrial development in healthier and endogenously created institutions.
论文的研究得出了一些值得关注的结果。第一,当网络的结构稠密同时空间延展性好,并且参与网络的企业家(代理人)不但愿意在本地社区中建立紧密的联系,而且将社会关系扩展或延伸到其他社区或地区,网络促进创新的功能可以得到最好的发挥。第二,个人的社会取向和信任能力是对其所在企业的创新,特别是独立创新产生直接贡献的一个重要因素。第三,学者们可以通过将企业的经济活动嵌入到经营者所处的特定的社会环境当中,以此更好地理解创新和产业发展过程。
论文通过在一个制度的框架中解构网络形成、维系和调整背后的机制,在更普遍的意义上提高我们对驱动企业家在社会关系中相互作用的过程的认识。这个制度的框架揭示了企业间关系背后存在竞争和重叠的逻辑关系和原因。这种研究方法不但说明了反映社会资本现状的行为方式,而且描述了导致其形成的过程,对社会资本的研究做出了有益的补充。
着眼于中国本土制造商的成功以及本地化生产能力的提高,政策制定者们必须培育更宽泛意义上的信任。此外,还需进一步加强法律体系(特别是执法部门)以及地方政府部门的改革,并且鼓励政府与企业之间的对话与沟通。一旦信任的层次以及社会的可靠性得到了提高,将鼓励企业家承担风险的行为(如创新)。这种创新动机和创新精神可能将中国的工业发展过程嵌入到更健康和内生化的制度环境当中。
The dissertation examines business networks among manufacturing firms in Pearl River Delta, Guangdong, China. It assesses their influences on innovation and the process of industrial development. Network relations and the social orientations of manufacturers in the area were explored by using in-depth interviews with either enterprise owners or business managers. They focused on issues of trust and the means through which these individuals use business relations in their production activities. In the data analysis phase, manufacturers were divided into three groups—minimalists, pragmatists and maximalists, based on a businessperson's social orientation and correlations between social variables and the levels of innovation and performance that were computed.The analysis leads to a number of noteworthy findings. First, networks best facilitate innovation when they are structurally dense and spatially extended and, when those participants such as entrepreneurs (agents) are willing to create strong bonds in their local communities and to extend social connections to other communities and regions. Second, individual's social orientation and ability to trust is an important factor that contributes directly to innovations (especially dependent innovations) of the firm. Third, scholar can better understand the process of innovation and industrial development by embedding the economic activities of firms in the social contexts available to the individuals managing them.The study more generally improves our understanding of the process driving businesspeople to interact socially. An institutional framework is applied to deconstructs the dynamics behind the network construction, maintenance, and modification. The institutional framework demonstrates that there are competing and overlapping "logics" behind or reasons for inter-firm relations. This approach also contributes to our understanding of social capital by identifying both the patterns of behavior reflecting its presence and the process leading to its creation.If the purpose is to improve the local businessmen's successes and the localized manufacturing capabilities, policymakers have to foster a trust, in a broader sense. Moreover, it has to strengthen the reform of legal system, especially the execution system, and local municipal governments and to encourage communications between governments and companies. Once the trust level and the society's reliability are improved, it is probably true that entrepreneurs would be more willing to take some risk-taking actions, for example, innovations. Such innovation initiatives and spirit may result in embedding China's industrial development in healthier and endogenously created institutions.
引文
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