技术创新生态系统协同发展研究
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摘要
摘要：自20世纪以来,科学技术的发展进入了高度分化与高度综合的局面,科学研究和技术发展已经打破了传统的学科之间的边界,但是综合的趋势远大于分化。企业必须改变仅在本土从事R&D活动的方式,转向从全球范围内寻找最佳的技术合作伙伴。各种环境的不确定性使得技术创新已不再是单个企业能够独立完成的,而是以核心型企业为主导的相关企业组成技术创新生态系统共同开发完成。因此,本文把生态系统理论引入企业技术创新研究之中,借鉴自然生态系统的概念,从生态的层次来描述和理解技术创新的特点、创新系统中各要素相互作用的特征及对于整个产业的影响,并以此来揭示企业技术创新的协同演化的规律。
本文综合应用创新管理学、创新生态学、协同演化理论、开放式创新理论、资源基础理论等学科理论与方法,深入探讨技术创新生态系统的内涵、构成要素、协同演化相关机制等。技术创新生态系统构成要素及协同演化动力机制的研究深化了现有理论对技术创新生态系统的认识,完善了相关理论的构建；深入定义了技术创新生态系统条件下企业的协同行为,对技术创新生态系统协同演化过程进行仿真分析,这是技术创新生态系统理论的进一步深入；对技术创新生态系统协同演化过程进行了深入的案例分析,理清了技术创新生态系统的资源构成,并根据实际案例进行了相关分析。并提出了促进技术创新生态系统建设的管理建议。
本文可能的创新之处在于：(1)技术创新生态系统构成的社会网络分析。本文将技术创新生态系统成员分成核心型企业、关键型企业和缝隙型企业三种类型,采用社会网络可视化方法,对技术创新生态系统成员的构成及特征进行了分析,揭示了技术创新生态系统拓扑结构特征,分析了技术创新生态系统的特征和模式,丰富和发展了社会网络理论在技术创新生态系统中的应用。(2)构建了技术创新生态系统协同演化过程仿真模型。现有的技术创新生态系统动力学模型,往往假设外部环境,内部因素的作用大小和网络规模不变,而这与现实情况存在差距。在现实世界中,外部环境和网络规模是动态变化的,要真实再现技术创新生态系统协同演化过程,在模型构建中应考虑外部影响的变化和网络规模的变化。同时,技术创新生态系统是由多个成员相互作用组成的复杂系统,传统的研究方法(实证研究或案例研究)不足以分析和把握其整体复杂性,很难解释技术创新生态系统协同行为的涌现特征；且由于技术创新生态系统的演化历时较长,实证和案例研究往往很难获得充分的历史资料与数据。而计算机仿真方法作为复杂系统的有效研究工具,可以很好解决上述问题。因此,本文将外部作用强度、技术创新生态系统内部作用强度、网络规模演化等因素同时纳入模型,构建了技术创新生态系统协同演化模型,通过数值仿真分析和稳定性证明可以发现,本文构建模型是稳定的,这也进一步证明了本文所构建模型的拟合性和适应性,对已有研究进行了突破。(3)将微观-中观-宏观维度整合,从资源角度分析了技术创新生态系统资源的演化过程,丰富和拓展了组织设计和网络分析理论。组织设计研究基于单独任务提出组织设计原则,没有考虑任务的有效实现取决于资源和关系的作用,而网络分析理论则注重于网络结构。且现有研究对资源在技术创新生态系统的作用机理还缺乏深入研究,资源在技术创新生态系统构建过程中的作用机理还是一个有待探究的黑箱。本文突破传统的网络分析方法,将组织设计和网络资源理论进行整合,采用案例研究方法从微观、中观和宏观三个层次探究技术创新生态系统中,网络资源、系统资源的形成机理,剖析组织资源、网络资源及系统资源之间的关系。弥补了网络理论注重结构,没有分析成员组成的缺陷。为组织设计理论和网络分析理论提供新的思路与方法。
ABSTRACT:Since the20th century, the development of science and technology into a highly differentiated and highly integrated situation, scientific research and technological development has broken the traditional boundaries between disciplines, but the trend is much larger than comprehensive differentiation. Enterprises must change only engaged in R&D activities in the local way, turning to find the best technical partners from around the world. Uncertainty in various environments makes technological innovation is no longer able to finish a single enterprise, but in the core business as the leading technology-related companies formed jointly developed innovation ecosystem. Therefore, this paper studies the ecosystem theory into innovative technologies in the enterprise, learn the concept of natural ecosystems, characteristic features of the interaction of various elements from ecology to describe and understand the level of technological innovation, innovation systems and the impact for the entire industry and technological innovation in order to reveal the co-evolution of the law.
In this pape, a comprehensive application of innovation management, innovation ecology, co-evolution theory, discipline theories and methods of open innovation theory, resource-based theory, depth connotation of enterprise innovation ecosystem components, co-evolution-related mechanisms. This study focuses on two aspects:the scientific definition of enterprise innovation ecosystem, and to explore its constituent elements, particularly in-depth analysis of the dynamic mechanism of technology-driven innovation ecosystem mechanisms, market driven mechanism, government support mechanisms and cultural drive mechanisms, including. Research enterprise innovation ecosystem components and dynamic mechanism of co-evolution theory of deepening the existing innovation ecosystem understanding, improve the construction of relevant theories; further defines collaborative innovation ecosystem behavior under conditions of enterprise innovation ecosystem coevolution process simulation analysis, it is further innovation ecosystem theory; collaborative innovation ecosystem evolution of in-depth case studies to clarify the resource innovation ecosystem composition, and based on actual cases the correlation analysis.
The innovation lies in this article may:(1) Social Networkinnovation ecosystem analysis constituted. This article will be divided into core innovation ecosystem member companies,key enterprises and crannies are three types of enterprises, the use of social network visualization method, the composition and characteristics of innovation ecosystem members were analyzed to reveal the topological structure of innovation ecosystem, rich and development of a social network theory in innovation ecosystem.(2) We build a collaborative innovation ecosystem evolution of simulation models existing innovation ecosystem dynamics model of the system, often assuming that the external environment, the role of the size and scale of the network internal factors constant, and this gap with reality. In the real world, the external environment and the size of the network is dynamic, to a true representation of the evolution of collaborative innovation ecosystem, should be considered in the model building changes and changes in network size external influences. Meanwhile, the innovation ecosystem is a complex system composed by a number of members of the interaction, the traditional research methods (empirical research or case studies) is not sufficient to analyze and grasp its overall complexity, it is difficult to explain the emergence of innovative network technology diffusion characteristics of behavior; due to the evolution of innovation networks and lasted longer, empirical and case studies are often difficult to obtain sufficient historical information and data. The computer simulation method as an effective research tool for complex systems, it can be a good solution to these problems. Therefore, this article will effect the strength of the external innovation ecosystem internal interaction strength, size of network and other factors while incorporating evolutionary model was constructed collaborative innovation ecosystem evolution model, numerical simulation and stability proof can be found in this article to build the model is stable it is also further evidence that the construction of this article and adaptability to fit the model of the existing research has been a breakthrough.(3) to the micro-meso-macro dimension of integration, from a resource point of view of the innovation ecosystem evolution resources, enrich and expand the organizational design and network theory. Organizational design study presents the design principles based on individual organizational tasks, without considering the role of the task depends on the effective realization of resources and relationships, and network analysis theories focus on the network structure. And resources in existing research on the mechanism of innovation ecosystem is still a lack of in-depth research, resource mechanism innovation ecosystem building process is still a black box to be explored. Breaking through the traditional network analysis methods, organizational design, and network resources to integrate theory, using the case study method from the micro, meso and macro three levels to explore innovation ecosystem, network resources, the formation mechanism of system resources, analyze organizational resources the relationship between network resources and system resources. Make up theories focus on the structure of the network, there is no analysis of defects members. Provide new ideas and methods for the analysis of organizational design theory and network theory.
本文综合应用创新管理学、创新生态学、协同演化理论、开放式创新理论、资源基础理论等学科理论与方法,深入探讨技术创新生态系统的内涵、构成要素、协同演化相关机制等。技术创新生态系统构成要素及协同演化动力机制的研究深化了现有理论对技术创新生态系统的认识,完善了相关理论的构建；深入定义了技术创新生态系统条件下企业的协同行为,对技术创新生态系统协同演化过程进行仿真分析,这是技术创新生态系统理论的进一步深入；对技术创新生态系统协同演化过程进行了深入的案例分析,理清了技术创新生态系统的资源构成,并根据实际案例进行了相关分析。并提出了促进技术创新生态系统建设的管理建议。
本文可能的创新之处在于：(1)技术创新生态系统构成的社会网络分析。本文将技术创新生态系统成员分成核心型企业、关键型企业和缝隙型企业三种类型,采用社会网络可视化方法,对技术创新生态系统成员的构成及特征进行了分析,揭示了技术创新生态系统拓扑结构特征,分析了技术创新生态系统的特征和模式,丰富和发展了社会网络理论在技术创新生态系统中的应用。(2)构建了技术创新生态系统协同演化过程仿真模型。现有的技术创新生态系统动力学模型,往往假设外部环境,内部因素的作用大小和网络规模不变,而这与现实情况存在差距。在现实世界中,外部环境和网络规模是动态变化的,要真实再现技术创新生态系统协同演化过程,在模型构建中应考虑外部影响的变化和网络规模的变化。同时,技术创新生态系统是由多个成员相互作用组成的复杂系统,传统的研究方法(实证研究或案例研究)不足以分析和把握其整体复杂性,很难解释技术创新生态系统协同行为的涌现特征；且由于技术创新生态系统的演化历时较长,实证和案例研究往往很难获得充分的历史资料与数据。而计算机仿真方法作为复杂系统的有效研究工具,可以很好解决上述问题。因此,本文将外部作用强度、技术创新生态系统内部作用强度、网络规模演化等因素同时纳入模型,构建了技术创新生态系统协同演化模型,通过数值仿真分析和稳定性证明可以发现,本文构建模型是稳定的,这也进一步证明了本文所构建模型的拟合性和适应性,对已有研究进行了突破。(3)将微观-中观-宏观维度整合,从资源角度分析了技术创新生态系统资源的演化过程,丰富和拓展了组织设计和网络分析理论。组织设计研究基于单独任务提出组织设计原则,没有考虑任务的有效实现取决于资源和关系的作用,而网络分析理论则注重于网络结构。且现有研究对资源在技术创新生态系统的作用机理还缺乏深入研究,资源在技术创新生态系统构建过程中的作用机理还是一个有待探究的黑箱。本文突破传统的网络分析方法,将组织设计和网络资源理论进行整合,采用案例研究方法从微观、中观和宏观三个层次探究技术创新生态系统中,网络资源、系统资源的形成机理,剖析组织资源、网络资源及系统资源之间的关系。弥补了网络理论注重结构,没有分析成员组成的缺陷。为组织设计理论和网络分析理论提供新的思路与方法。
ABSTRACT:Since the20th century, the development of science and technology into a highly differentiated and highly integrated situation, scientific research and technological development has broken the traditional boundaries between disciplines, but the trend is much larger than comprehensive differentiation. Enterprises must change only engaged in R&D activities in the local way, turning to find the best technical partners from around the world. Uncertainty in various environments makes technological innovation is no longer able to finish a single enterprise, but in the core business as the leading technology-related companies formed jointly developed innovation ecosystem. Therefore, this paper studies the ecosystem theory into innovative technologies in the enterprise, learn the concept of natural ecosystems, characteristic features of the interaction of various elements from ecology to describe and understand the level of technological innovation, innovation systems and the impact for the entire industry and technological innovation in order to reveal the co-evolution of the law.
In this pape, a comprehensive application of innovation management, innovation ecology, co-evolution theory, discipline theories and methods of open innovation theory, resource-based theory, depth connotation of enterprise innovation ecosystem components, co-evolution-related mechanisms. This study focuses on two aspects:the scientific definition of enterprise innovation ecosystem, and to explore its constituent elements, particularly in-depth analysis of the dynamic mechanism of technology-driven innovation ecosystem mechanisms, market driven mechanism, government support mechanisms and cultural drive mechanisms, including. Research enterprise innovation ecosystem components and dynamic mechanism of co-evolution theory of deepening the existing innovation ecosystem understanding, improve the construction of relevant theories; further defines collaborative innovation ecosystem behavior under conditions of enterprise innovation ecosystem coevolution process simulation analysis, it is further innovation ecosystem theory; collaborative innovation ecosystem evolution of in-depth case studies to clarify the resource innovation ecosystem composition, and based on actual cases the correlation analysis.
The innovation lies in this article may:(1) Social Networkinnovation ecosystem analysis constituted. This article will be divided into core innovation ecosystem member companies,key enterprises and crannies are three types of enterprises, the use of social network visualization method, the composition and characteristics of innovation ecosystem members were analyzed to reveal the topological structure of innovation ecosystem, rich and development of a social network theory in innovation ecosystem.(2) We build a collaborative innovation ecosystem evolution of simulation models existing innovation ecosystem dynamics model of the system, often assuming that the external environment, the role of the size and scale of the network internal factors constant, and this gap with reality. In the real world, the external environment and the size of the network is dynamic, to a true representation of the evolution of collaborative innovation ecosystem, should be considered in the model building changes and changes in network size external influences. Meanwhile, the innovation ecosystem is a complex system composed by a number of members of the interaction, the traditional research methods (empirical research or case studies) is not sufficient to analyze and grasp its overall complexity, it is difficult to explain the emergence of innovative network technology diffusion characteristics of behavior; due to the evolution of innovation networks and lasted longer, empirical and case studies are often difficult to obtain sufficient historical information and data. The computer simulation method as an effective research tool for complex systems, it can be a good solution to these problems. Therefore, this article will effect the strength of the external innovation ecosystem internal interaction strength, size of network and other factors while incorporating evolutionary model was constructed collaborative innovation ecosystem evolution model, numerical simulation and stability proof can be found in this article to build the model is stable it is also further evidence that the construction of this article and adaptability to fit the model of the existing research has been a breakthrough.(3) to the micro-meso-macro dimension of integration, from a resource point of view of the innovation ecosystem evolution resources, enrich and expand the organizational design and network theory. Organizational design study presents the design principles based on individual organizational tasks, without considering the role of the task depends on the effective realization of resources and relationships, and network analysis theories focus on the network structure. And resources in existing research on the mechanism of innovation ecosystem is still a lack of in-depth research, resource mechanism innovation ecosystem building process is still a black box to be explored. Breaking through the traditional network analysis methods, organizational design, and network resources to integrate theory, using the case study method from the micro, meso and macro three levels to explore innovation ecosystem, network resources, the formation mechanism of system resources, analyze organizational resources the relationship between network resources and system resources. Make up theories focus on the structure of the network, there is no analysis of defects members. Provide new ideas and methods for the analysis of organizational design theory and network theory.
引文
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