制度环境对企业跨区域市场进入模式的影响机制研究
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摘要
跨区域市场进入模式选择是中国企业在通过横纵向整合战略提升国际竞争力过程中最重要的决策之一。对转型期的中国企业来说,区域间的制度差异是企业跨区域市场进入模式选择的重要影响因素,制度差异到企业跨区域市场进入模式的选择,中间过程与路径受到诸多变量的共同影响。本文立足于转型期制度情景,从整合“产业基础观”、“资源基础观”和“制度基础观”的视角,考虑产业环境特征、企业能力特性和区域制度差异等三个方面的因素对市场进入模式的影响与作用机制,探索三个问题:(1)在转型经济中,区域间的制度差异是企业市场进入模式选择的主效应吗?(2)产业环境特征是制度差异对企业跨区域市场进入模式选择的调节变量吗?(3)企业能力特性是制度差异对企业跨区域市场进入模式选择的中介变量吗?
本文在国内外研究文献基础上,提出了市场进入模式选择的影响与作用机制的理论框架和概念模型,并提出研究假设;采用问卷调查方法以中国境内的141家跨省域经营企业为样本数据,运用Ordered Probit回归分析等多种统计分析方法对理论模型和研究假设进行实证检验,得到如下研究结论:
(1)管制制度和政治关系网络等制度差异与企业跨区域市场进入模式中的资源承诺与控制程度和投资比例的大小负相关;规范制度、支持性制度、市场-行业规范等制度差异与企业跨区域市场进入模式中的资源承诺与控制程度和投资比例的大小正相关。
(2)产业研发密集度和营销密集度对管制制度差异与市场进入模式选择间的关系具有调节作用。(3)财务能力和营销能力分别是管制制度差异和规范制度差异与市场进入模式关系间的部分中介作用;企业关系能力同时是管制制度差异和规范制度差异与市场进入模式关系间的完全中介作用。
本文的创新性贡献包括:(1)在转型期制度情景下,以中国境内跨省域经营企业为样本,探讨了“制度基础观”解释的适用性问题,丰富和扩展了“制度基础观”的理论成果;(2)探索了转型期制度环境对市场进入模式的影响与作用机制,为解答目前国际学术界中关于制度对企业战略行为的影响和作用机制的理论难题,提供了可能;(3)构建了一个的关于制度差异对企业跨区域市场进入模式选择影响和作用机制的理论分析框架,为后续研究奠定了基础;(4)使用了更全面的测量工具和最新的研究方法(Ordered Probit模型),得出了更清晰而厚实的结论。本文的研究结论在理论上可丰富与扩展“制度基础观”对企业战略行为的影响和作用机制的理论研究成果,为理解与解释中国企业的跨区域市场进入战略决策提供理论依据与实证支持;在实践上有助于为政府和企业的相关政策的制定提供依据。最后,指出了本文研究存在的局限及未来研究方向。
The trans-regional market entry mode choice is one of the most significant ways for Chinese firms acquiring competitive advantages through vertical and horizontal integration. To Chinese firms among the transitional economy speaking, institution distance between the different regions that is an important factor influencing some firms on trans-regional market entry modes choice. The intermediate process and paths for the influence and mechanism of institutional distance on market entry mode choice are affected by many variables commonly. Based on the transitional economy context, this thesis integrates the three main theory perspectives, namely, industry organization theory, resource-based view and institution-based view, and considers the three important factor form the industrial environment characteristics, and the firm capability characteristics and regional institutional distance respectively, and takes an attempt to explore the internal mechanism of the influences of the regional institutional distance on trans-regional market entry modes choice. Specifically, this thesis will focus on the following three issues step by step:(1)Whether the regional institutional distance between the different regions are the main effects to push firms to select an appropriate trans-regional market entry mode?(2)Whether the industrial environment characteristics is moderating effect between the regional institutional distance and the trans-regional market entry mode?(3)Whether the firm capability characteristics is mediating effect between the regional institutional distance and the trans-regional market entry mode?
Integrating the domestic and foreign research literature, this thesis is to build a theory framework and conceptual model to explain the internal mechanism of the influences of the regional institutional distance on trans-regional market entry modes choice. By questionnaire analysis of 141 firms trans-regional operating within Chinese territory and Ordered Probit model, it checks whether these theoretical model and research hypotheses are right or not.
Through the research work above, this study reaches the following conclusions.(1)The regulative institution distance and political connections distance between the host and the home regions has negative influences on the level of resource commitment, control, and equity ownership. The normative institution distance, and supporting institution distance, and industry-market normative institution distance between the host and the home regions has positive influences on the level of resource commitment, control, and equity ownership.(2)The both industrial R&D intensity and industrial marketing intensity also positively moderate the relationship between the regulative institution distance and the level of resource commitment, control, and equity ownership for trans-regional market entry modes choice.(3)The financial capacity and marketing capacity also mediate respectively the relationship between the regulative and normative institution distance and the level of resource commitment, control, and equity ownership for trans-regional market entry modes choice.
The novelties of this thesis are as follows.(1)From a sample of 141 decisions of entry into trans-regional market based on the transitional economy context, this thesis discuss and compare the main institutional theory perspectives used effectively or not in order to enrich and expand the“institution-based view”theoretical achievements(.2)This thesis also explores the internal mechanism of the influences of the regional institution distance on trans-regional market entry modes choice, and provides a further direction for international academic community to solve the problem of the influences and mechanism of the institution environment on enterprise strategic behavior.(3)This thesis proposes a comprehensive framework of the internal influence and mechanism of the regional institution distance on trans-regional market entry modes choice from institutional theory perspectives under the context of Chinese special institution, which lay a solid foundation for the future research directions.(4)Using a more comprehensive measuring tool and the latest research methods, such as Ordered Probit model, this thesis obtains the more clear and thick conclusions. To sum up, the conclusions of this thesis can enrich and expand the research directions and the range of application for Institution-based view for enterprise strategic the influences and mechanism in theoretical research, and provides the theoretic foundations and the empirical supports for government and enterprises understanding and explaining the entry into trans-regional strategic decision for Chinese enterprises in practice. Finally, this paper also points out the limitations and the future research directions.
本文在国内外研究文献基础上,提出了市场进入模式选择的影响与作用机制的理论框架和概念模型,并提出研究假设;采用问卷调查方法以中国境内的141家跨省域经营企业为样本数据,运用Ordered Probit回归分析等多种统计分析方法对理论模型和研究假设进行实证检验,得到如下研究结论:
(1)管制制度和政治关系网络等制度差异与企业跨区域市场进入模式中的资源承诺与控制程度和投资比例的大小负相关;规范制度、支持性制度、市场-行业规范等制度差异与企业跨区域市场进入模式中的资源承诺与控制程度和投资比例的大小正相关。
(2)产业研发密集度和营销密集度对管制制度差异与市场进入模式选择间的关系具有调节作用。(3)财务能力和营销能力分别是管制制度差异和规范制度差异与市场进入模式关系间的部分中介作用;企业关系能力同时是管制制度差异和规范制度差异与市场进入模式关系间的完全中介作用。
本文的创新性贡献包括:(1)在转型期制度情景下,以中国境内跨省域经营企业为样本,探讨了“制度基础观”解释的适用性问题,丰富和扩展了“制度基础观”的理论成果;(2)探索了转型期制度环境对市场进入模式的影响与作用机制,为解答目前国际学术界中关于制度对企业战略行为的影响和作用机制的理论难题,提供了可能;(3)构建了一个的关于制度差异对企业跨区域市场进入模式选择影响和作用机制的理论分析框架,为后续研究奠定了基础;(4)使用了更全面的测量工具和最新的研究方法(Ordered Probit模型),得出了更清晰而厚实的结论。本文的研究结论在理论上可丰富与扩展“制度基础观”对企业战略行为的影响和作用机制的理论研究成果,为理解与解释中国企业的跨区域市场进入战略决策提供理论依据与实证支持;在实践上有助于为政府和企业的相关政策的制定提供依据。最后,指出了本文研究存在的局限及未来研究方向。
The trans-regional market entry mode choice is one of the most significant ways for Chinese firms acquiring competitive advantages through vertical and horizontal integration. To Chinese firms among the transitional economy speaking, institution distance between the different regions that is an important factor influencing some firms on trans-regional market entry modes choice. The intermediate process and paths for the influence and mechanism of institutional distance on market entry mode choice are affected by many variables commonly. Based on the transitional economy context, this thesis integrates the three main theory perspectives, namely, industry organization theory, resource-based view and institution-based view, and considers the three important factor form the industrial environment characteristics, and the firm capability characteristics and regional institutional distance respectively, and takes an attempt to explore the internal mechanism of the influences of the regional institutional distance on trans-regional market entry modes choice. Specifically, this thesis will focus on the following three issues step by step:(1)Whether the regional institutional distance between the different regions are the main effects to push firms to select an appropriate trans-regional market entry mode?(2)Whether the industrial environment characteristics is moderating effect between the regional institutional distance and the trans-regional market entry mode?(3)Whether the firm capability characteristics is mediating effect between the regional institutional distance and the trans-regional market entry mode?
Integrating the domestic and foreign research literature, this thesis is to build a theory framework and conceptual model to explain the internal mechanism of the influences of the regional institutional distance on trans-regional market entry modes choice. By questionnaire analysis of 141 firms trans-regional operating within Chinese territory and Ordered Probit model, it checks whether these theoretical model and research hypotheses are right or not.
Through the research work above, this study reaches the following conclusions.(1)The regulative institution distance and political connections distance between the host and the home regions has negative influences on the level of resource commitment, control, and equity ownership. The normative institution distance, and supporting institution distance, and industry-market normative institution distance between the host and the home regions has positive influences on the level of resource commitment, control, and equity ownership.(2)The both industrial R&D intensity and industrial marketing intensity also positively moderate the relationship between the regulative institution distance and the level of resource commitment, control, and equity ownership for trans-regional market entry modes choice.(3)The financial capacity and marketing capacity also mediate respectively the relationship between the regulative and normative institution distance and the level of resource commitment, control, and equity ownership for trans-regional market entry modes choice.
The novelties of this thesis are as follows.(1)From a sample of 141 decisions of entry into trans-regional market based on the transitional economy context, this thesis discuss and compare the main institutional theory perspectives used effectively or not in order to enrich and expand the“institution-based view”theoretical achievements(.2)This thesis also explores the internal mechanism of the influences of the regional institution distance on trans-regional market entry modes choice, and provides a further direction for international academic community to solve the problem of the influences and mechanism of the institution environment on enterprise strategic behavior.(3)This thesis proposes a comprehensive framework of the internal influence and mechanism of the regional institution distance on trans-regional market entry modes choice from institutional theory perspectives under the context of Chinese special institution, which lay a solid foundation for the future research directions.(4)Using a more comprehensive measuring tool and the latest research methods, such as Ordered Probit model, this thesis obtains the more clear and thick conclusions. To sum up, the conclusions of this thesis can enrich and expand the research directions and the range of application for Institution-based view for enterprise strategic the influences and mechanism in theoretical research, and provides the theoretic foundations and the empirical supports for government and enterprises understanding and explaining the entry into trans-regional strategic decision for Chinese enterprises in practice. Finally, this paper also points out the limitations and the future research directions.
引文
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