中日拖拉机振动性能的对比分析
摘要
本文通过运用试验研究和理论分析的方法，对日本拖拉机和中国拖拉机在人工路障条件下的振动性能进行了对比研究。日本拖拉机以THS22为试验样车，中国拖拉机以神牛25为试验样车。以中低速为试验时拖拉机的试验行驶速度。试验时加速度传感器放置在座位的下方，测试了不同速度下的振动加速度，运用时域和频域分析的方法分析了拖拉机的振动性能；同时运用1/3倍频程分析对比法和总加权加速度有效值法评价了拖拉机的乘坐舒适性。对神牛25还分析了发动机振动对拖拉机振动的影响。通过分析发现，THS22型拖拉机在人工路障条件下呈线性振动，振动幅值与拖拉机行驶的速度呈线性关系，并且在以人体敏感频率振动的成分很大，所以在恶劣路况下的乘坐舒适性比较差。这也说明日本的拖拉机并不适合中国的乡间道路。神牛25型拖拉机的发动机振动对拖拉机在垂直方向的振动影响较大。并且在人体不敏感频率的高频区的振动的很大。由于受发动机振动的影响，神牛25型拖拉机在垂直方向和水平方向的振动相差不大，相对而言前后方向的振动较小。
The vibration characteristics of Chinese and Japanese Tractor on artificial road are researched by theory analysis and experiment test. THS22 tractor as Japanese tractor and Shenniu25 as Chinese tractor are selected as experimental tractor. The middle and low speed are selected as experimental tractor speed. The accelerometer is set under the seat. The tractor vibration characteristics are analyzed with time and frequency series. The 1/3 octave bands and total weighted average are exploited to estimate the ride comfort of the tractor. As Shenniu25 tractor The influence of the engine vibration is analyzed. The linearity between the acceleration range and speed is described with THS22 tractor and the frequency of the dominating vibration is sensitive with human, so the ride comfort is not good and the Japanese tractor is unfit on Chinese country road. As Shenniu25 tractor, The influence of the engine vibration is very high and the dominating vibration is not sensitive with human, the vibration of X and Z orientation is almost the same and very high, in the contrast the vibration of Y orientation is very low.
The vibration characteristics of Chinese and Japanese Tractor on artificial road are researched by theory analysis and experiment test. THS22 tractor as Japanese tractor and Shenniu25 as Chinese tractor are selected as experimental tractor. The middle and low speed are selected as experimental tractor speed. The accelerometer is set under the seat. The tractor vibration characteristics are analyzed with time and frequency series. The 1/3 octave bands and total weighted average are exploited to estimate the ride comfort of the tractor. As Shenniu25 tractor The influence of the engine vibration is analyzed. The linearity between the acceleration range and speed is described with THS22 tractor and the frequency of the dominating vibration is sensitive with human, so the ride comfort is not good and the Japanese tractor is unfit on Chinese country road. As Shenniu25 tractor, The influence of the engine vibration is very high and the dominating vibration is not sensitive with human, the vibration of X and Z orientation is almost the same and very high, in the contrast the vibration of Y orientation is very low.
引文
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[2] Sakai, Theoretical analysis of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in bouncing Tractor
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[6] Jan, Anthosis, Josse De Baerdemaeker, Herman Ramon. Design and evaluation of a low-power portable test rig for vibration tests on mobile agricultural machinery.
[7] 王银芝，硕士论文，农用车辆整车振动特性研究．2003
[8] 余志生，汽车理论(第三版)．机械工业出版社．2000．
[9] 魏智，程耀东，发动机对车辆振动影响的分析．振动与冲击，1997(4)：74-78．
[10] 赵六奇，轮式拖拉机机体振动与平顺性的研究．农业机械学报，第七卷，第四期，1964．
[11] 李华、戴锦轩等，改善拖拉机乘坐舒适性的研究．农业机械学报．1985年12月．
[12] 周一鸣，毛恩荣，车辆人机工程学[M]．北京：北京理工大学出版社．1999．
[13] [苏]R．M．别符兹聂耳，于长林译．汽车振动的试验与研究．机械工业出版社．1987．
[14] 王彬，振动分析及应用．海潮出版社．1992．
[15] 蒋国平，车辆整车振动性能的系统研究．江苏理工大学学位论文，2001．
[16] 庄继德，汽车轮胎学．北京理工大学出版社．1997．
[17] [德]H-P 威鲁麦特，车辆动力学模拟及其方法．北京理工大学出版社．1997．
[18] [德]M。米奇克著，汽车动力学．人民交通出版社．1994．
[19] 陈华生等，Visual gasic程序设计教程．苏州大学出版社．2002．
[20] 方远翔等，振动摸态分析技术．国防工业出版社．1996．
[21] [美]D．V．哈通，应用机械振动学．机械工业出版社．1986．
[21] 吴际章等，汽车构造．人民交通出版社．1997．
[22] 鲍晓峰，汽车试验与检测．机械工业出版社．1995．
[23] GB 3871-83．农业拖拉机试验方法．
[24] GB／T 13876-92．农业轮式拖拉机驾驶员全身振动的评价指标．
[25] GB 10910-89．农业轮式拖拉机驾驶员全身振动的测量．
[26] GB 7031-86．车辆振动输入 路面平度表示方法．
[2] Sakai, Theoretical analysis of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos in bouncing Tractor
[3] Yibin Ying, Libin Zhang, Fang xu, Meidui Dong. Vibratory Characteristics and Hand-Transmitted Vibration Reduction of Walking Tractor. 1998 American Society of Agricultural Engineers 0001-2351/98/4104-917
[4] Leroy GARCIANO, Ryo TORISU, Jun-ichi TAKEDA, Jun YOSHIDA. Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery. Vol. 63, No. 6(2001).
[5] Leroy GARCIANO, Ryo TORISU, Jun-ichi TAKEDA, Kenshi SAKAI. Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery. Vol. 64, No. 1(2002).
[6] Jan, Anthosis, Josse De Baerdemaeker, Herman Ramon. Design and evaluation of a low-power portable test rig for vibration tests on mobile agricultural machinery.
[7] 王银芝，硕士论文，农用车辆整车振动特性研究．2003
[8] 余志生，汽车理论(第三版)．机械工业出版社．2000．
[9] 魏智，程耀东，发动机对车辆振动影响的分析．振动与冲击，1997(4)：74-78．
[10] 赵六奇，轮式拖拉机机体振动与平顺性的研究．农业机械学报，第七卷，第四期，1964．
[11] 李华、戴锦轩等，改善拖拉机乘坐舒适性的研究．农业机械学报．1985年12月．
[12] 周一鸣，毛恩荣，车辆人机工程学[M]．北京：北京理工大学出版社．1999．
[13] [苏]R．M．别符兹聂耳，于长林译．汽车振动的试验与研究．机械工业出版社．1987．
[14] 王彬，振动分析及应用．海潮出版社．1992．
[15] 蒋国平，车辆整车振动性能的系统研究．江苏理工大学学位论文，2001．
[16] 庄继德，汽车轮胎学．北京理工大学出版社．1997．
[17] [德]H-P 威鲁麦特，车辆动力学模拟及其方法．北京理工大学出版社．1997．
[18] [德]M。米奇克著，汽车动力学．人民交通出版社．1994．
[19] 陈华生等，Visual gasic程序设计教程．苏州大学出版社．2002．
[20] 方远翔等，振动摸态分析技术．国防工业出版社．1996．
[21] [美]D．V．哈通，应用机械振动学．机械工业出版社．1986．
[21] 吴际章等，汽车构造．人民交通出版社．1997．
[22] 鲍晓峰，汽车试验与检测．机械工业出版社．1995．
[23] GB 3871-83．农业拖拉机试验方法．
[24] GB／T 13876-92．农业轮式拖拉机驾驶员全身振动的评价指标．
[25] GB 10910-89．农业轮式拖拉机驾驶员全身振动的测量．
[26] GB 7031-86．车辆振动输入 路面平度表示方法．