高中新课改下算法初步的教学研究
摘要
2003年4月教育部颁布《普通高中数学课程标准(实验)》把“算法初步”列入必修课程的5个模块中的必修3，算法成为高中数学课程中新增加的内容。新的课程标准对学生的培养提出了新的要求，算法在高中数学的教学中，即适应了现代信息化社会需要，又有利于继承和发扬我国古代数学的优良传统。但是，在实际的教学中并没有现成的经验可以借鉴，算法的教学将给高中传统的数学教学带来新的挑战。由于“算法初步”是第一次进入高中课程，在教学过程中难免存一些问题，本文通过对学生和老师的访谈调查得到问题，而后对问题进行研究、分析与总结，最后对“算法初步”的教学提出了一些建议，具体内容如下：
首先，从“算法”历史背景开始，阐述了算法在当今社会发展中的重要作用，在数学科学中的重要地位，以及算法思想必将成为现代人应该具备的一种数学素养等等。
其次，从“算法”的概念入手，分析“算法”的基本特征和常见的几种描述方法，并对“算法初步”的教学内容和课程目标进行了解析，分析教学内容和课程目标，对老师和学生的要求；从教师和学生两个方面对“算法初步”的教学现状进行了调查、分析，算法教学的主要问题在于，学生不敢兴趣、学习积极性不高，认识上不到位；老师自身专业素质、教学观念陈旧以及课程安排上的不合理等等。最后，通过对调查结论的因果分析，针对算法教学中的问题，如何设计教学方法，如何体现算法理念，如何培养学生的兴趣等方面，对“算法初步”的教学提出了一些建议和看法。
本文研究的内容、反映的实质和建议，都是在对相关问题进行深入研究的基础上得出来的，旨在为实际教学中的教师和学生服务。但是由于条件的限制和自身能力的不足，本调查所取得的结果难免有些偏差，存在局限性的不足之处，敬请老师和读者给予批评与指正。
In April2003the ministry of education issued the ordinary high school mathematics curriculumstandard (tests) to algorithm preliminary "into the compulsory course in the five modules compulsory3,which become the new increase content in high school mathematics curriculum. The new curriculumstandard has put forward new requirements for students’ cultivation, the algorithm in the high schoolmathematics teaching, not only adapts to the modern information society needs, but also inherits andpromotes the fine tradition of our country’s ancient mathematical. However, in actual teaching, there isno ready experience to use for reference, the algorithm of teaching will bring new challenges to highschool traditional mathematics teaching. Because the "algorithm preliminary" is the first time to enterthe high school, there are unavoidably some problems in the course of teaching. This paper is toinvestigate, and then analyze and sum up some potential problems, and finally put forward somesuggestions on "algorithm preliminary" teaching, which are as follows.
This paper starting from the historical background of "algorithm", intends to expound thealgorithm in the current social development, the important function of the important position inmathematical science, and the algorithm will become the thought of modern people who should have amathematical literacy, and so on.
Secondly, from the concept of "algorithm", this paper is to analyze the basic characteristics of"algorithm" and several common descriptive methods, and then the teaching content and thecurriculum objective analysis of the "algorithm preliminary", the final is the teaching content, thecurriculum objectives, the requirements for teachers and students and so on; This paper intends to investigate and analyze the current situation of "algorithm preliminary" from the two aspects of teachersand students. But the algorithm teaching's main problem lies that the students have no interest, lack oflearning enthusiasm, don’t have a proper perception; Teachers' professional quality, obsolete ideas thatmay arise and the irrational course arrangement and so on.
At last, through the cause and effect analysis of the investigation, in view of the problems in theteaching of algorithm, how to design teaching methods, how to embody algorithm idea, and how tocultivate the students' interest etc. This paper puts forward some suggestions and opinions for theteaching of "algorithm preliminary".
This paper’s research contents, the essence of the reaction and the suggestion, are to the relatedquestion based on a thorough investigation, aiming at the service for teachers and students in theprocess of teaching. However, due to the constraints of conditions, lack of ability, it is hard to avoidsome deviations, so there are still some limitations deficiencies. Sincerely wish for teachers' andreaders’ criticism and advice.
首先，从“算法”历史背景开始，阐述了算法在当今社会发展中的重要作用，在数学科学中的重要地位，以及算法思想必将成为现代人应该具备的一种数学素养等等。
其次，从“算法”的概念入手，分析“算法”的基本特征和常见的几种描述方法，并对“算法初步”的教学内容和课程目标进行了解析，分析教学内容和课程目标，对老师和学生的要求；从教师和学生两个方面对“算法初步”的教学现状进行了调查、分析，算法教学的主要问题在于，学生不敢兴趣、学习积极性不高，认识上不到位；老师自身专业素质、教学观念陈旧以及课程安排上的不合理等等。最后，通过对调查结论的因果分析，针对算法教学中的问题，如何设计教学方法，如何体现算法理念，如何培养学生的兴趣等方面，对“算法初步”的教学提出了一些建议和看法。
本文研究的内容、反映的实质和建议，都是在对相关问题进行深入研究的基础上得出来的，旨在为实际教学中的教师和学生服务。但是由于条件的限制和自身能力的不足，本调查所取得的结果难免有些偏差，存在局限性的不足之处，敬请老师和读者给予批评与指正。
In April2003the ministry of education issued the ordinary high school mathematics curriculumstandard (tests) to algorithm preliminary "into the compulsory course in the five modules compulsory3,which become the new increase content in high school mathematics curriculum. The new curriculumstandard has put forward new requirements for students’ cultivation, the algorithm in the high schoolmathematics teaching, not only adapts to the modern information society needs, but also inherits andpromotes the fine tradition of our country’s ancient mathematical. However, in actual teaching, there isno ready experience to use for reference, the algorithm of teaching will bring new challenges to highschool traditional mathematics teaching. Because the "algorithm preliminary" is the first time to enterthe high school, there are unavoidably some problems in the course of teaching. This paper is toinvestigate, and then analyze and sum up some potential problems, and finally put forward somesuggestions on "algorithm preliminary" teaching, which are as follows.
This paper starting from the historical background of "algorithm", intends to expound thealgorithm in the current social development, the important function of the important position inmathematical science, and the algorithm will become the thought of modern people who should have amathematical literacy, and so on.
Secondly, from the concept of "algorithm", this paper is to analyze the basic characteristics of"algorithm" and several common descriptive methods, and then the teaching content and thecurriculum objective analysis of the "algorithm preliminary", the final is the teaching content, thecurriculum objectives, the requirements for teachers and students and so on; This paper intends to investigate and analyze the current situation of "algorithm preliminary" from the two aspects of teachersand students. But the algorithm teaching's main problem lies that the students have no interest, lack oflearning enthusiasm, don’t have a proper perception; Teachers' professional quality, obsolete ideas thatmay arise and the irrational course arrangement and so on.
At last, through the cause and effect analysis of the investigation, in view of the problems in theteaching of algorithm, how to design teaching methods, how to embody algorithm idea, and how tocultivate the students' interest etc. This paper puts forward some suggestions and opinions for theteaching of "algorithm preliminary".
This paper’s research contents, the essence of the reaction and the suggestion, are to the relatedquestion based on a thorough investigation, aiming at the service for teachers and students in theprocess of teaching. However, due to the constraints of conditions, lack of ability, it is hard to avoidsome deviations, so there are still some limitations deficiencies. Sincerely wish for teachers' andreaders’ criticism and advice.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国教育部.普通高中数学课程标准(试验)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003.
[2]中华人民共和国教育部.全日制义务教育数学课程标准(实验稿)[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.
[3]数学高效学习法[M].北京:人民日报出版社,2009.
[4]张奠宙,张广祥.中学代数研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.157.
[5]中学生数学课程教材研究开发中心.数学教师培训手册[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2007.
[6]刘智强.对新课程标准下算法的理解和思考[J].数学通讯,2003,21:6-7.
[7]韩裕娜,黄毅文.新课程中算法教学的几个注意点[J].数学通讯,2005,9:16-17.
[8]熊芹.对高中必修课“算法初步”教学策略的探讨[J].中学数学教学,2006,4:1-3.
[9]姜华东.高中数学“算法初步”的教学策略研究[D].济南:山东师范大学硕士论文,2008.
[10]李亚玲.算法及其学习的意义[J].数学通报,2004,2:7-9.
[11]王尚志主编.数学教学研究与案例[M],高等教育出版社,2006,100-104.
[12]王惠春.对《算法初步》教学的调查研究[J],数学教学,2007,9,19-20.
[13]孟庆东.算法中循环结构的流程图的学习策略[J]，高中数学教与学，2007,12,ll-14.
[14]王建国,刘斌.高中数学算法教学内容难度比较与研究[J],北京教育学院学报(自然科学版),2006,6:140-142.
[2]中华人民共和国教育部.全日制义务教育数学课程标准(实验稿)[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.
[3]数学高效学习法[M].北京:人民日报出版社,2009.
[4]张奠宙,张广祥.中学代数研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.157.
[5]中学生数学课程教材研究开发中心.数学教师培训手册[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2007.
[6]刘智强.对新课程标准下算法的理解和思考[J].数学通讯,2003,21:6-7.
[7]韩裕娜,黄毅文.新课程中算法教学的几个注意点[J].数学通讯,2005,9:16-17.
[8]熊芹.对高中必修课“算法初步”教学策略的探讨[J].中学数学教学,2006,4:1-3.
[9]姜华东.高中数学“算法初步”的教学策略研究[D].济南:山东师范大学硕士论文,2008.
[10]李亚玲.算法及其学习的意义[J].数学通报,2004,2:7-9.
[11]王尚志主编.数学教学研究与案例[M],高等教育出版社,2006,100-104.
[12]王惠春.对《算法初步》教学的调查研究[J],数学教学,2007,9,19-20.
[13]孟庆东.算法中循环结构的流程图的学习策略[J]，高中数学教与学，2007,12,ll-14.
[14]王建国,刘斌.高中数学算法教学内容难度比较与研究[J],北京教育学院学报(自然科学版),2006,6:140-142.