高校体验式生涯规划教学设计研究
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摘要
近年来,随着高校毕业生数的逐年增加,提高高校毕业生的就业质量成为中共中央关心的问题。为做好高校毕业生的就业工作,国务院要求将职业发展与就业指导课程的建设作为高校人才培养工作和毕业生就业工作的重要组成部分,生涯规划课被列入高校的教学计划之中。因此,采用怎样的教学方式最有效上好生涯规划课是一项重要的研究课题。
开展生涯规划教学是为了启发大学生的生涯规划意识,帮助大学生树立积极向上的生涯价值观,培养大学生自主规划与管理能力。本研究旨在设计出体验式生涯教学方案,并在高校开展教学实验以检验体验式生涯教学的可行性及实效。因此,本研究的主要问题是“如何设计体验式生涯教学的方案?”,“体验式生涯教学的效果究竟如何?”,“体验式生涯教学在高校推广运用的条件有哪些?”。
本研究围绕体验式生涯教学方案的设计,以及体验式教学在高校生涯规划课中的应用展开行动研究,主要内容和基本结论如下:
首先,本研究阐述了体验式生涯教学的设计理念、目标、设计方法并结合教学设计的案例,分析说明如何进行体验式生涯教学设计。
其次,研究者在为期3个月的体验式生涯教学实验中,采用调查问卷、访谈、参与式观察等方式收集资料,对体验式生涯教学的实施的效果作科学的评价。分析结果表明,体验式生涯教学的效果优于讲授式生涯教学的效果;体验式生涯教学受到了大学生的喜爱,激发了其生涯意识,增强了其生涯信心,帮助其明确了生涯目标,提升了其生涯决策与规划能力。
最后,为在高校实施推广体验式生涯教学提供建议,在高校开展体验式生涯教学,教师需要转变生涯教学观,具备体验式生涯教学设计和组织能力,关注学生的生涯学习需要;高校要鼓励教师进行生涯教学的探索和创新,提供开展体验式教学的设施条件,建立进行体验式生涯教学研讨和培训机制。
There are more and more graduates in recent years, and our government pays great attention to the quality of their employment. In this case, career planning is included in university teaching program as required by State Council. Therefore, what is the most favorite teaching method and what is the most effective teaching method to help college students develop awareness and the capability of career planning is an important subject.
Career planning education aims at enlighten college students' career awareness, setting up positive career values, developing their career planning and management capacity. This research adopts an experiential approach and works out a sample teaching programme to implement experiential career planning instruction, and tests the actual effect of experiential teaching. The study therefore focuses on" how to design an experiential career planning teaching programme", "what about the teaching effect of experiential career planning teaching method" and "how to promote experiential career planning teaching method?"
The study concentrates on designing experiential career planning teaching programme and implementing experiential career planning teaching method in colleges. Following is the main content and basic conclusion of the study:
Firstly, the study elaborates the core notion, aims and methods of designing experiential career planning teaching programme, and illustrates how to design experiential career planning teaching programmes.
Secondly, the study bewrites a 3-months experiment about experiential career planning teaching method, and scientifically evaluates the actual effect of experiential method by analyzing information collected from the experiment, including questionnaire, survey, interview and observation The findings prove that the effect of the experiential career education teaching method is better than instructing method. The experiential method is more preferred and it helps students develop an awareness of career planning, build confidence for future career planning and promote their career planning ability.
Finally, through reflecting the practical results, the researcher has found the inadequate on the teaching experiment, proposed improved measures and suggested about how to spread the experiential teaching method in career education.
At the meantime, the study depicts how to further promote experiential method in colleges and suggests that following things should be done for a better implementation of experiential method:
As for college teachers, their conception of career planning education should be updated, and a complete mastery of the experiential teaching method is a must, and more care and consideration for students should be given. Simultaneously, colleges should encourage new innovations and researches on experiential career planning teaching method, and provide teaching facilities in accordance with experiential teaching method, and last but not least, develop a new mechanism studying and practicing experiential career planning education teaching method.
开展生涯规划教学是为了启发大学生的生涯规划意识,帮助大学生树立积极向上的生涯价值观,培养大学生自主规划与管理能力。本研究旨在设计出体验式生涯教学方案,并在高校开展教学实验以检验体验式生涯教学的可行性及实效。因此,本研究的主要问题是“如何设计体验式生涯教学的方案?”,“体验式生涯教学的效果究竟如何?”,“体验式生涯教学在高校推广运用的条件有哪些?”。
本研究围绕体验式生涯教学方案的设计,以及体验式教学在高校生涯规划课中的应用展开行动研究,主要内容和基本结论如下:
首先,本研究阐述了体验式生涯教学的设计理念、目标、设计方法并结合教学设计的案例,分析说明如何进行体验式生涯教学设计。
其次,研究者在为期3个月的体验式生涯教学实验中,采用调查问卷、访谈、参与式观察等方式收集资料,对体验式生涯教学的实施的效果作科学的评价。分析结果表明,体验式生涯教学的效果优于讲授式生涯教学的效果;体验式生涯教学受到了大学生的喜爱,激发了其生涯意识,增强了其生涯信心,帮助其明确了生涯目标,提升了其生涯决策与规划能力。
最后,为在高校实施推广体验式生涯教学提供建议,在高校开展体验式生涯教学,教师需要转变生涯教学观,具备体验式生涯教学设计和组织能力,关注学生的生涯学习需要;高校要鼓励教师进行生涯教学的探索和创新,提供开展体验式教学的设施条件,建立进行体验式生涯教学研讨和培训机制。
There are more and more graduates in recent years, and our government pays great attention to the quality of their employment. In this case, career planning is included in university teaching program as required by State Council. Therefore, what is the most favorite teaching method and what is the most effective teaching method to help college students develop awareness and the capability of career planning is an important subject.
Career planning education aims at enlighten college students' career awareness, setting up positive career values, developing their career planning and management capacity. This research adopts an experiential approach and works out a sample teaching programme to implement experiential career planning instruction, and tests the actual effect of experiential teaching. The study therefore focuses on" how to design an experiential career planning teaching programme", "what about the teaching effect of experiential career planning teaching method" and "how to promote experiential career planning teaching method?"
The study concentrates on designing experiential career planning teaching programme and implementing experiential career planning teaching method in colleges. Following is the main content and basic conclusion of the study:
Firstly, the study elaborates the core notion, aims and methods of designing experiential career planning teaching programme, and illustrates how to design experiential career planning teaching programmes.
Secondly, the study bewrites a 3-months experiment about experiential career planning teaching method, and scientifically evaluates the actual effect of experiential method by analyzing information collected from the experiment, including questionnaire, survey, interview and observation The findings prove that the effect of the experiential career education teaching method is better than instructing method. The experiential method is more preferred and it helps students develop an awareness of career planning, build confidence for future career planning and promote their career planning ability.
Finally, through reflecting the practical results, the researcher has found the inadequate on the teaching experiment, proposed improved measures and suggested about how to spread the experiential teaching method in career education.
At the meantime, the study depicts how to further promote experiential method in colleges and suggests that following things should be done for a better implementation of experiential method:
As for college teachers, their conception of career planning education should be updated, and a complete mastery of the experiential teaching method is a must, and more care and consideration for students should be given. Simultaneously, colleges should encourage new innovations and researches on experiential career planning teaching method, and provide teaching facilities in accordance with experiential teaching method, and last but not least, develop a new mechanism studying and practicing experiential career planning education teaching method.
引文
1 笔者搜集各高校职业发展教育课的教学大纲整理而成,请参见部分高校的职业发展教育课的教学大纲:中央戏剧学院《大学生就业指导》课程大纲:http://www.acto.org.cn/C11/jc jybkc/Lists/List/dispform_1.aspx?ID=7浙江林学院大学生就业指导课程教学大纲:jy.zjfc.edu.cn/news/upfiles/639f3a52-eafb 2007-6-1新疆大学《毕业生就业指导》教学大纲:www.jgxy.net.cn/old/UploadFiles/职业生涯2007-10-22北京林业大学《大学生职业生涯规划与就业指导》课程教学大纲:job.bjfu.edu.cn/News/print.asp?articleid=3083K2007-12-22
2 清华大学就业指导中心生涯服务概览:http://career.tsinghua.edu.cn/jywdetail.jsp?seq=1081
3 职业生涯规划教育促进大学生成功就业(福州大学):http://www.lyrc.cc/html/2006-7-7/news200677102306.htm
4 宁夏大学《生涯规划与就业指导》任选课介绍:http://jwc.nxu.edu.cn/menu/xkcx/rxk/jsjj5.htm
5 武汉理工大学毕业生就业指导中心《就业工作简报》:http://scc.whut.edu.cn/jyjb/jy2/7.aspx
6 上海交通大学学生职业发展协会http://www.job.sjtu.edu.cn/scda/
7 孙仲山,刘金泉,田福连.职校学生职业成熟度.(台)教育研究信息.2001年九卷二期,44-57
8 杨四耕《体验教学》福建教育出版社2005年版 第26页
17 叶澜 新基础教育语丝 基础教育(J).2004.5
1.(美)M.希尔伯曼著,陆怡如译,(2005)积极学习---101种教学策略.[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社
2.(美)R.M.加涅等著,皮连生等译.(1999)教学设计原理.[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社
3.(美)R.M.加涅等著,皮连生等译.(1999)学习的条件和教学论.[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社
4.(美)R.赖丁著,庞维国译(2003)认知风格与学习策略.[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社
5.(美)罗伯特.D坦尼森著,任友群,裴新宁等主译,(2005)教学设计的国际观:理论·研究·模型
6.(美)威廉·维尔斯曼著 袁振国主译.(1997)教育研究方法导论.[M].北京:教育科学出版社
7.(美)约翰.杜威著,姜文闵译.(1991)我们怎样思维·经验与教育.[M].北京:人民教育出版社.[M].北京:教育科学出版社
8.Bruce Joyce等著,荆建华等译.(2002)教学模式[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社
9.安静等.(2006)略论大学生就业指导课程建设[J].唐山师范学院学报,第12期
10.宝洪江.(2006)体验式培训——人力资本积累的新途径,西南财经大学硕士论文
11.陈敏.(2006)大学生职业发展教育师资队伍专业化研究,[M].上海:立信会计出版社
12.陈向明.(2003)在参与中学习与行动—参与式方法培训指南[M].北京:教育科学出版社
13.陈向明等.(2004)如何成为质的研究者——质的研究方法的教与学[M].北京:教育科学出版社
14.陈元忠等.(2006)论如何做好大学生职业生涯设计[J].教育工作教书育人
15.程肇基等.(2004)大学生体验是生涯辅导及其实施例举.[J].青年研究,第3期
16.姜旭.(2005)团体辅导在大学生职业生涯设计中的应用研究,清华大学硕士论文
17.柯林.比尔德著,黄荣华译.(2003)体验式学习的力量.[M].广州:中山大学出版社
18.李斌.(2005)职业生涯团体心理辅导对女大学生职业决策自我效能影响研究,河北师范大学硕士论文
19.李冬梅.(2006)高校大学生职业发展教育课程实践研究[J].教育与职业,第12期
20.刘建新等.(2004)体验式培训:高校就业指导的新方式.[J].中国大学生就业,第1期
21.陆小娅.(2002.8.29)从说教到体验.中国青年报
22.宋金美.(2005)高校开展体验式拓展培训的理论分析与实验研究,河南大学硕士论文
23.瓦西留克著,黄明等译.(1989)体验心理学.[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社
24.汪洋.(2003)体验式培训企业核心竞争力的研究,对外经济贸易大学硕士论文
25.王怀伟等.(2006)大学生全程就业指导课程体系初探[J].山西高等学校社会科学学报,第8期
26.王如才.(2004)主体体验创新教育的德育原理[M].济南:山东教育出版社
27.吴祠珍.(2006)美国高校就业指导理论与实践[J].安徽教育学院学报,第24期
28.吴之仪.(2000)生涯辅导与咨商理论与实务[M].台湾:涛石文化事业有限公司
29.夏海燕.(2006)团体辅导对大学生职业生涯规划的影响,南京师范大学硕士论文
30.辛继湘.(2005)体验教学研究.[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社
31.杨四耕.(2005)体验教学.[M].福州:福建教育出版社
32.钟启泉.(2002)教育方法概论-[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社
1.Dave Ellis.(1993)Career Planning.USA:Houghton Company
2.David Kolb(2006)learning styles model and experiential learning theory.
3.James J.Kirk,Lynne D.Kirk.(1995)Training games for career development.USA:McGraw-Hill Inc
4.John Rod well.(1994)Partipative Training skills.Great Britain:Bookcraft(Bath)Ltd.5.Phillip S.Jarvis.(2006)Educators use career "Games" to Teach Lifelong Career Management Skills
6.Louise welsh schrank.(1981)Life plan a practical guide to successful career planning.USA:National Textbook Company
2 清华大学就业指导中心生涯服务概览:http://career.tsinghua.edu.cn/jywdetail.jsp?seq=1081
3 职业生涯规划教育促进大学生成功就业(福州大学):http://www.lyrc.cc/html/2006-7-7/news200677102306.htm
4 宁夏大学《生涯规划与就业指导》任选课介绍:http://jwc.nxu.edu.cn/menu/xkcx/rxk/jsjj5.htm
5 武汉理工大学毕业生就业指导中心《就业工作简报》:http://scc.whut.edu.cn/jyjb/jy2/7.aspx
6 上海交通大学学生职业发展协会http://www.job.sjtu.edu.cn/scda/
7 孙仲山,刘金泉,田福连.职校学生职业成熟度.(台)教育研究信息.2001年九卷二期,44-57
8 杨四耕《体验教学》福建教育出版社2005年版 第26页
17 叶澜 新基础教育语丝 基础教育(J).2004.5
1.(美)M.希尔伯曼著,陆怡如译,(2005)积极学习---101种教学策略.[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社
2.(美)R.M.加涅等著,皮连生等译.(1999)教学设计原理.[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社
3.(美)R.M.加涅等著,皮连生等译.(1999)学习的条件和教学论.[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社
4.(美)R.赖丁著,庞维国译(2003)认知风格与学习策略.[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社
5.(美)罗伯特.D坦尼森著,任友群,裴新宁等主译,(2005)教学设计的国际观:理论·研究·模型
6.(美)威廉·维尔斯曼著 袁振国主译.(1997)教育研究方法导论.[M].北京:教育科学出版社
7.(美)约翰.杜威著,姜文闵译.(1991)我们怎样思维·经验与教育.[M].北京:人民教育出版社.[M].北京:教育科学出版社
8.Bruce Joyce等著,荆建华等译.(2002)教学模式[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社
9.安静等.(2006)略论大学生就业指导课程建设[J].唐山师范学院学报,第12期
10.宝洪江.(2006)体验式培训——人力资本积累的新途径,西南财经大学硕士论文
11.陈敏.(2006)大学生职业发展教育师资队伍专业化研究,[M].上海:立信会计出版社
12.陈向明.(2003)在参与中学习与行动—参与式方法培训指南[M].北京:教育科学出版社
13.陈向明等.(2004)如何成为质的研究者——质的研究方法的教与学[M].北京:教育科学出版社
14.陈元忠等.(2006)论如何做好大学生职业生涯设计[J].教育工作教书育人
15.程肇基等.(2004)大学生体验是生涯辅导及其实施例举.[J].青年研究,第3期
16.姜旭.(2005)团体辅导在大学生职业生涯设计中的应用研究,清华大学硕士论文
17.柯林.比尔德著,黄荣华译.(2003)体验式学习的力量.[M].广州:中山大学出版社
18.李斌.(2005)职业生涯团体心理辅导对女大学生职业决策自我效能影响研究,河北师范大学硕士论文
19.李冬梅.(2006)高校大学生职业发展教育课程实践研究[J].教育与职业,第12期
20.刘建新等.(2004)体验式培训:高校就业指导的新方式.[J].中国大学生就业,第1期
21.陆小娅.(2002.8.29)从说教到体验.中国青年报
22.宋金美.(2005)高校开展体验式拓展培训的理论分析与实验研究,河南大学硕士论文
23.瓦西留克著,黄明等译.(1989)体验心理学.[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社
24.汪洋.(2003)体验式培训企业核心竞争力的研究,对外经济贸易大学硕士论文
25.王怀伟等.(2006)大学生全程就业指导课程体系初探[J].山西高等学校社会科学学报,第8期
26.王如才.(2004)主体体验创新教育的德育原理[M].济南:山东教育出版社
27.吴祠珍.(2006)美国高校就业指导理论与实践[J].安徽教育学院学报,第24期
28.吴之仪.(2000)生涯辅导与咨商理论与实务[M].台湾:涛石文化事业有限公司
29.夏海燕.(2006)团体辅导对大学生职业生涯规划的影响,南京师范大学硕士论文
30.辛继湘.(2005)体验教学研究.[M].长沙:湖南大学出版社
31.杨四耕.(2005)体验教学.[M].福州:福建教育出版社
32.钟启泉.(2002)教育方法概论-[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社
1.Dave Ellis.(1993)Career Planning.USA:Houghton Company
2.David Kolb(2006)learning styles model and experiential learning theory.
3.James J.Kirk,Lynne D.Kirk.(1995)Training games for career development.USA:McGraw-Hill Inc
4.John Rod well.(1994)Partipative Training skills.Great Britain:Bookcraft(Bath)Ltd.5.Phillip S.Jarvis.(2006)Educators use career "Games" to Teach Lifelong Career Management Skills
6.Louise welsh schrank.(1981)Life plan a practical guide to successful career planning.USA:National Textbook Company