澳大利亚国家教师专业标准研究
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摘要
教育发展和教育质量的提高关键在于教师,当今世界各国都把提高教师质量作为教育改革的重点。为确保教师质量,各国都纷纷确立自身的教师专业标准用以推进教师专业发展。基于对教师专业标准重要性的认识,澳大利亚在21世纪初确立了国家教师专业标准。该国标准制定历时较长,期间积累了大量的经验。对于正在制定教师专业标准的中国而言,该国的经验很值得我们借鉴和学习。
本文共分为六部分：
第一部分为引言部分,说明了本研究的缘起,介绍了国内外关于澳大利亚国家教师专业标准的研究情况,说明本研究的研究对象是澳大利亚教师专业标准,对教师专业标准等核心概念做了界定。
第二部分深入分析澳大利亚国家教师专业标准产生的国际背景及国内背景,揭示国家教师标准产生是全球高度重视教师专业发展的趋势下,澳大利亚为改善本国教师队伍质量而做出的重要举措。
第三部分分析澳大利亚国家教师专业标准的内容,阐释澳大利亚教师专业标准是在强调优质教学、促进教师专业发展、推进地区间教师教育协作等理念的指导下,将教师专业发展划分为毕业、胜任、成熟、领导四个阶段的基础上,从专业知识、专业实践能力、专业价值观、专业关系协调能力四个方面全面规划教师的专业发展水平。
第四部分选取澳大利亚新南威尔士和北领地地区的地方教师专业标准为案例,分析澳大利亚地方政府怎样依照国家教师专业标准设定地方性标准。
第五部分分析澳大利亚国家教师专业标准的特点,指出澳大利亚教师专业标准具备关注学生学习成就、注重教师专业发展、突出教师专业协作等特点,强调澳大利亚虽然还存在教师专业标准评价体系有待完善等方面的问题,但对于提高澳大利亚教师队伍社会地位、促进教师专业成长发挥了积极的作用。
第六部分在分析澳大利亚教师专业标准的基础上,阐述澳大利亚国家教师专业标准对我国教师专业标准建设工作的启示,建议在借鉴国际经验的基础上加快制定和实施切合我国国情的教师专业标准,强调我国的教师专业标准必须立足于教师专业发展,突出对教师专业知识、专业能力、专业品质等方面的要求。
Teacher is the key to education development and education quality, and all countries around the world make an emphasis on improving the quality of teacher in education reform. To ensure the quality of teacher and develop teachers' profession, many countries established the national standard for teachers' profession. Based on the awareness of importance of professional standard for teachers, the government of Australia established the national standard for teachers' professional development in the beginning of this century. The standard-setting took a long time, and the government accumulated a great deal of experience during this time. Now, we are establishing the professional standard for teacher, the good experience of Australia should be learnt by us.
The paper consists of six sections:
Section one is introducing the reasons of the study, the study content, the definitions of key concepts, such as the definition of professional standard for teachers, and a review of the literature of professional standards for teachers in Australia.
Section two analyzes deeply the emerging backgrounds of the professional standards for teachers in Australia, and finds the reason why the professional standards can develop in Australia; point out that drawing up the Professional Standard for Teachers is a very important measure in Australia, under the tendency of teachers'professionalization.
Section three describes the professional standard frame. Under the guidance of some special idea, such as high quality teaching, teachers'professionalization, enhancing teachers' cooperation, professional development of teachers is divided into four stages, which contains graduation stage, competence stage, accomplishment stage and leadership stage. During every stage, the level of specialty is divided into four parts, which contains professional knowledge, professional practice, professional values and professional relationships.
Section four selects the New South Wales and the North Territory for cases, and analysis how the professional standard is implemented.
Section five deeply analyzes the characteristics of the frame of professional standard for teachers in Australia, points out that it has many characteristics, such as the professional standard pays attention to students' achievement, pays great attention to teachers' professional development and specialized cooperation during teachers. Now, the professional standard has some shortcomings, for example, the professional standard should improve its appraisal system, but its effect is obvious. The professional standard improved teachers' position in Australia and it promotes the effect of teachers' specialized growth.
Section six describes some inspiration from the national standards of professional teachers in Australia, the inspiration is useful to teachers'educational reform in our country, emphasizes that China should develop the professional standard for teachers, which is suitable for Chinese teacher and Chinese society. The goal of this professional standard is to develop teachers' professional level, and it must contain some special demands on professional knowledge, professional practice, professional values, and so on.
本文共分为六部分：
第一部分为引言部分,说明了本研究的缘起,介绍了国内外关于澳大利亚国家教师专业标准的研究情况,说明本研究的研究对象是澳大利亚教师专业标准,对教师专业标准等核心概念做了界定。
第二部分深入分析澳大利亚国家教师专业标准产生的国际背景及国内背景,揭示国家教师标准产生是全球高度重视教师专业发展的趋势下,澳大利亚为改善本国教师队伍质量而做出的重要举措。
第三部分分析澳大利亚国家教师专业标准的内容,阐释澳大利亚教师专业标准是在强调优质教学、促进教师专业发展、推进地区间教师教育协作等理念的指导下,将教师专业发展划分为毕业、胜任、成熟、领导四个阶段的基础上,从专业知识、专业实践能力、专业价值观、专业关系协调能力四个方面全面规划教师的专业发展水平。
第四部分选取澳大利亚新南威尔士和北领地地区的地方教师专业标准为案例,分析澳大利亚地方政府怎样依照国家教师专业标准设定地方性标准。
第五部分分析澳大利亚国家教师专业标准的特点,指出澳大利亚教师专业标准具备关注学生学习成就、注重教师专业发展、突出教师专业协作等特点,强调澳大利亚虽然还存在教师专业标准评价体系有待完善等方面的问题,但对于提高澳大利亚教师队伍社会地位、促进教师专业成长发挥了积极的作用。
第六部分在分析澳大利亚教师专业标准的基础上,阐述澳大利亚国家教师专业标准对我国教师专业标准建设工作的启示,建议在借鉴国际经验的基础上加快制定和实施切合我国国情的教师专业标准,强调我国的教师专业标准必须立足于教师专业发展,突出对教师专业知识、专业能力、专业品质等方面的要求。
Teacher is the key to education development and education quality, and all countries around the world make an emphasis on improving the quality of teacher in education reform. To ensure the quality of teacher and develop teachers' profession, many countries established the national standard for teachers' profession. Based on the awareness of importance of professional standard for teachers, the government of Australia established the national standard for teachers' professional development in the beginning of this century. The standard-setting took a long time, and the government accumulated a great deal of experience during this time. Now, we are establishing the professional standard for teacher, the good experience of Australia should be learnt by us.
The paper consists of six sections:
Section one is introducing the reasons of the study, the study content, the definitions of key concepts, such as the definition of professional standard for teachers, and a review of the literature of professional standards for teachers in Australia.
Section two analyzes deeply the emerging backgrounds of the professional standards for teachers in Australia, and finds the reason why the professional standards can develop in Australia; point out that drawing up the Professional Standard for Teachers is a very important measure in Australia, under the tendency of teachers'professionalization.
Section three describes the professional standard frame. Under the guidance of some special idea, such as high quality teaching, teachers'professionalization, enhancing teachers' cooperation, professional development of teachers is divided into four stages, which contains graduation stage, competence stage, accomplishment stage and leadership stage. During every stage, the level of specialty is divided into four parts, which contains professional knowledge, professional practice, professional values and professional relationships.
Section four selects the New South Wales and the North Territory for cases, and analysis how the professional standard is implemented.
Section five deeply analyzes the characteristics of the frame of professional standard for teachers in Australia, points out that it has many characteristics, such as the professional standard pays attention to students' achievement, pays great attention to teachers' professional development and specialized cooperation during teachers. Now, the professional standard has some shortcomings, for example, the professional standard should improve its appraisal system, but its effect is obvious. The professional standard improved teachers' position in Australia and it promotes the effect of teachers' specialized growth.
Section six describes some inspiration from the national standards of professional teachers in Australia, the inspiration is useful to teachers'educational reform in our country, emphasizes that China should develop the professional standard for teachers, which is suitable for Chinese teacher and Chinese society. The goal of this professional standard is to develop teachers' professional level, and it must contain some special demands on professional knowledge, professional practice, professional values, and so on.
引文
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