毫米波近程探测系统仿真
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摘要
毫米波近程探测系统仿真是以毫米波作为载波,在不同连续波近程探测体制以及相应的目标模型基础之上,运用ADS、Matlab和Lab VIEW软件构建的闭合回路行为级的系统仿真,具有节点数据的可检验性以及射频模块的非线性分析能力。毫米波近程探测系统仿真作为一种数字仿真方式,与传统的物理仿真和半实物仿真相比,不仅具有软件优势互补的数字仿真能力,而且具有嵌入相关测试仪器以及器件模块的半实物仿真功能,能够大幅度提高近程探测系统的评估能力,极大地减轻试验人员的负担,节省了试验成本的开销。
本文主要对不同体制连续毫米波近程探测系统进行仿真研究,主要工作和研究成果如下：
(1)研究了毫米波近程探测系统仿真的一般框架。首先,分析了现有的仿真平台包括ADS、Matlab和Lab VIEW软件在仿真毫米波近程探测系统存在的不足,提出以ADS为主,Matlab和LabVIEW为辅的混合仿真方法,同时解析了探测系统参数的选取原则。然后,根据目标的近远场变换法则将目标划分为小面元,运用物理光学(PO)、物理绕射理论(PTD)和弹跳射线法(SBR)对目标的高频近场散射进行了预估,同时也分析了天线方向图对目标高频近场散射的影响。最后,对外弹道超音速天线罩由于激波引起罩壁温度升高导致信号传输功率衰减的问题进行了分析,阐述了超音速天线罩在恶劣环境下对近程探测系统的影响。
(2)在多普勒毫米波体制下,研究了连续波近程探测系统的仿真。首先,在分析探测系统发射机、接收机、天线方向图以及多普勒目标模型的基础上,建立了毫米波多普勒近程探测系统的ADS仿真链路,并通过运动的点目标检验了系统的可行性。然后,以某武装直升机为例,利用UG5.0软件对其进行建模,并以λ/16面元间距进行划分,应用高频混合方法对直升机的近场RCS进行计算,建立了该直升机的多普勒回波信号模型,经过载波和探测器相关参数补偿后,即可运用Matlab_M构建一个可嵌入ADS的目标模块,与探测器模块一起组成毫米波近程探测系统的ADS行为级仿真链路。最后,在混频器输出线上设置节点探针,运用可以嵌套调用Matlab的LabVIEW虚拟仪器软件对该混频器输出信号进行时频处理,得到可直观的该直升机多普勒时频谱图。
(3)在三角波线性调频毫米波体制下,研究了连续波近程探测系统的仿真。首先,分析了该近程探测系统的测距原理以及系统模型的参数,构建出该探测系统的ADS行为级仿真模型,通过对系统进行自检分析,验证了该探测系统模型的正确性。此外,以某武装直升机为例,建立了该直升机的目标模型,并将其嵌入LFMCW调频探测系统仿真中,运用LabVIEW软件对系统混频器输出信号进行时域、频域和短时傅里叶变换(STFT)仿真分析,表明混频器差频信号不仅真实地反映了弹目视在距离的变化,而且还较详细刻画出该直升机的时频谱图,提高了系统仿真的智能化。
(4)在伪码调相复合周期方波毫米波体制下,研究了连续波近程探测系统的仿真。首先,分析了该探测体制模糊图的测距测速性能,论述了该探测系统码宽、方波周期等参数的选择原则,同时建立发射机、接收机以及目标模型的ADS系统仿真链路,并以简单实例进行自检验证。然后,以某巡航导弹为例,运用LabVIEW软件对混频器输出信号进行时域、频域以及短时傅里叶变换(STFT)信号仿真分析,结果表明该方法不仅能够增加收发隔离度,而且也具有良好的测距测速性能,它有较强的抗干扰能力,具有广阔的工程应用前景。
(5)在锥扫主被动毫米波体制下,研究了连续波近程探测系统的仿真。根据主动调频测距和被动辐射计径向定位的特点,基于最少二次扫描原则,提出三波束辐射计探测器转速、降速以及天线夹角等关键指标参数,构建了主被动探测系统的ADS行为级仿真链路。然后,利用LabVIEW软件对探测器处于某一高度时的检波信号进行仿真分析,结果表明该方法不仅可以进行精确测距,而且极大地提高了目标的径向定位精度,为工程实用化作出了有益的探索。
The simulation of millimeter wave short-range detecting system, taking millimeter wave as a carrier, is a closed-loop behavior functional simulation constructed by using ADS, Matlab and LabVIEW. The simulation is based on different continuous millimeter wave short-range detecting systems and corresponding target model, and it has some characteristics such as verifiability of node data and nonlinear analysis of module devices. As a way of the digital simulation, compared with conventional physical simulation and Hardware-In-the-Loop one at home and abroad, the simulation of millimeter wave short-range detecting system can not only comprehensively utilize advantages of the software (i.e., ADS, Matlab and LabVIEW), but also embed relevant measurement instrument and device module. This can improve assessment ability of short-rang detecting system, reduce burden of test personnel, and economizes the cost of measurement.
The paper focuses on simulation of continuous millimeter wave short-rang detecting system with different systems, and its main works and research results are as follows:
1. The general framework of the millimeter wave short-range detecting system simulation is studied. Firstly, we present a hybrid simulation method and discuss selection of parameters after analyzing the shortcomings of existing simulation platforms (i.e., ADS, Matlab and LabVIEW) in millimeter wave short-range detecting system. The hybrid simulation is mainly based on ADS with the help of Matlab and LabVIEW. Then, we divide a target into small polygon elements according to the principle of near-field to far-field conversion of the target by PO, PTD and SBR to predict high frequency scattering characters of near-field target, and simultaneously analyze antenna pattern influence on above high frequency near-field scattering. Lastly, we analyze the detector signal transmission power attenuation in supersonic velocity exterior ballistics as a result of the raised radome wall temperature due to shock wave and the influence of actual bad surrounding which supersonic radome works in. on short-range system simulation
2. Under the system of Doppler millimeter wave type, the simulation of continuous wave short-range detecting system is studied. Firstly, we built up ADS simulation schematic of the Doppler millimeter wave detecting system after analyzing transmitter, receiver, antenna directional graph and Doppler target model of detecting system, and test feasibility of the system by a moving small target. Then, taking a trajectory helicopter as an example, we model it by UG5.0, divide the helicopter into plane elements byλ/16 spacing interval, apply high frequency hybrid method to computation of helicopter's near-field RCS, construct Doppler echo signal model of the helicopter, utilize Matlab_M to construct an embeddable ADS target model after compensating relevant parameters of carrier and detector, and build up behavior level simulation chain of millimeter wave short-range detecting system by combination of the above target model and detector one. Finally, we do time-frequency processing for a mixer's output signal by setting node probe at the mixer's output line and using embeddable LabVIEW virtual instrument software, and get time-frequency spectrum diagram of the helicopter.
3. Under the system of linear frequency modulation (LFM) millimeter wave type, the simulation of continuous wave short-range detecting system is studied. Firstly, distance measurement principle of the detecting system and parameters of system model are analyzed constructe an ADS behavioral level function simulation model. We demonstrate correctness of the detecting system model by self-checking of the system. In addition, taking a trajectory helicopter as an example, we construct target model of it, and embed the target model into simulation of LFMCW frequency modulation detecting system. We utilize LabVIEW to analyze time-domain, frequency-domain and STFT of mixer's output signal. Analysis result shows that the mixer's different frequency signal not only truly reflects the apparent distance change between detector and target, but also depicts the helicopter's time-frequency spectrum diagram in detail. This improves intelligence of simulation.
4. Under the system of pseudo random code phase modulation combined with periodic square type, the simulation of continuous wave short-range detecting system is studied. Firstly, ranging and velocity measurement performance of ambiguity function of the detecting system are analyzed. We also discuss the selection of some parameters such as code width and rectangular wave period of the detecting system, and construct ADS simulation model of transmitter, receiver and target model simultaneously. A simple example is self-checked to verify feasibility of the system. Then, taking a trajectory cruise missile as an example, we utilize LabVIEW to analyze time-domain, frequency-domain and STFT of mixer's output signal. Analysis result shows that the method not only has a good performance of ranging, velocity measurement and anti-interference, but also has intuitive characteristic of graphic analysis. Hence it has great prospect in engineering practice.
5. Under the system of conical scanning active and passive millimeter wave type, the simulation of continuous wave short-range detecting system is studied. On the basis of the least second detection principle and characteristics of active frequency modulation ranging and passive radial direction location, we firstly construct ADS behavior level simulation of active and passive detecting system and discuss some key parameters of three-beam antennas such as rotating velocity, dropping velocity and internal angles. Then, we use LabVIEW to simulate detector signal at certain height. Corresponding result shows that this method not only obtains accurate distance parameter, but also greatly improves precision of target radial positioning, which has important significance in engineer practice.
本文主要对不同体制连续毫米波近程探测系统进行仿真研究,主要工作和研究成果如下：
(1)研究了毫米波近程探测系统仿真的一般框架。首先,分析了现有的仿真平台包括ADS、Matlab和Lab VIEW软件在仿真毫米波近程探测系统存在的不足,提出以ADS为主,Matlab和LabVIEW为辅的混合仿真方法,同时解析了探测系统参数的选取原则。然后,根据目标的近远场变换法则将目标划分为小面元,运用物理光学(PO)、物理绕射理论(PTD)和弹跳射线法(SBR)对目标的高频近场散射进行了预估,同时也分析了天线方向图对目标高频近场散射的影响。最后,对外弹道超音速天线罩由于激波引起罩壁温度升高导致信号传输功率衰减的问题进行了分析,阐述了超音速天线罩在恶劣环境下对近程探测系统的影响。
(2)在多普勒毫米波体制下,研究了连续波近程探测系统的仿真。首先,在分析探测系统发射机、接收机、天线方向图以及多普勒目标模型的基础上,建立了毫米波多普勒近程探测系统的ADS仿真链路,并通过运动的点目标检验了系统的可行性。然后,以某武装直升机为例,利用UG5.0软件对其进行建模,并以λ/16面元间距进行划分,应用高频混合方法对直升机的近场RCS进行计算,建立了该直升机的多普勒回波信号模型,经过载波和探测器相关参数补偿后,即可运用Matlab_M构建一个可嵌入ADS的目标模块,与探测器模块一起组成毫米波近程探测系统的ADS行为级仿真链路。最后,在混频器输出线上设置节点探针,运用可以嵌套调用Matlab的LabVIEW虚拟仪器软件对该混频器输出信号进行时频处理,得到可直观的该直升机多普勒时频谱图。
(3)在三角波线性调频毫米波体制下,研究了连续波近程探测系统的仿真。首先,分析了该近程探测系统的测距原理以及系统模型的参数,构建出该探测系统的ADS行为级仿真模型,通过对系统进行自检分析,验证了该探测系统模型的正确性。此外,以某武装直升机为例,建立了该直升机的目标模型,并将其嵌入LFMCW调频探测系统仿真中,运用LabVIEW软件对系统混频器输出信号进行时域、频域和短时傅里叶变换(STFT)仿真分析,表明混频器差频信号不仅真实地反映了弹目视在距离的变化,而且还较详细刻画出该直升机的时频谱图,提高了系统仿真的智能化。
(4)在伪码调相复合周期方波毫米波体制下,研究了连续波近程探测系统的仿真。首先,分析了该探测体制模糊图的测距测速性能,论述了该探测系统码宽、方波周期等参数的选择原则,同时建立发射机、接收机以及目标模型的ADS系统仿真链路,并以简单实例进行自检验证。然后,以某巡航导弹为例,运用LabVIEW软件对混频器输出信号进行时域、频域以及短时傅里叶变换(STFT)信号仿真分析,结果表明该方法不仅能够增加收发隔离度,而且也具有良好的测距测速性能,它有较强的抗干扰能力,具有广阔的工程应用前景。
(5)在锥扫主被动毫米波体制下,研究了连续波近程探测系统的仿真。根据主动调频测距和被动辐射计径向定位的特点,基于最少二次扫描原则,提出三波束辐射计探测器转速、降速以及天线夹角等关键指标参数,构建了主被动探测系统的ADS行为级仿真链路。然后,利用LabVIEW软件对探测器处于某一高度时的检波信号进行仿真分析,结果表明该方法不仅可以进行精确测距,而且极大地提高了目标的径向定位精度,为工程实用化作出了有益的探索。
The simulation of millimeter wave short-range detecting system, taking millimeter wave as a carrier, is a closed-loop behavior functional simulation constructed by using ADS, Matlab and LabVIEW. The simulation is based on different continuous millimeter wave short-range detecting systems and corresponding target model, and it has some characteristics such as verifiability of node data and nonlinear analysis of module devices. As a way of the digital simulation, compared with conventional physical simulation and Hardware-In-the-Loop one at home and abroad, the simulation of millimeter wave short-range detecting system can not only comprehensively utilize advantages of the software (i.e., ADS, Matlab and LabVIEW), but also embed relevant measurement instrument and device module. This can improve assessment ability of short-rang detecting system, reduce burden of test personnel, and economizes the cost of measurement.
The paper focuses on simulation of continuous millimeter wave short-rang detecting system with different systems, and its main works and research results are as follows:
1. The general framework of the millimeter wave short-range detecting system simulation is studied. Firstly, we present a hybrid simulation method and discuss selection of parameters after analyzing the shortcomings of existing simulation platforms (i.e., ADS, Matlab and LabVIEW) in millimeter wave short-range detecting system. The hybrid simulation is mainly based on ADS with the help of Matlab and LabVIEW. Then, we divide a target into small polygon elements according to the principle of near-field to far-field conversion of the target by PO, PTD and SBR to predict high frequency scattering characters of near-field target, and simultaneously analyze antenna pattern influence on above high frequency near-field scattering. Lastly, we analyze the detector signal transmission power attenuation in supersonic velocity exterior ballistics as a result of the raised radome wall temperature due to shock wave and the influence of actual bad surrounding which supersonic radome works in. on short-range system simulation
2. Under the system of Doppler millimeter wave type, the simulation of continuous wave short-range detecting system is studied. Firstly, we built up ADS simulation schematic of the Doppler millimeter wave detecting system after analyzing transmitter, receiver, antenna directional graph and Doppler target model of detecting system, and test feasibility of the system by a moving small target. Then, taking a trajectory helicopter as an example, we model it by UG5.0, divide the helicopter into plane elements byλ/16 spacing interval, apply high frequency hybrid method to computation of helicopter's near-field RCS, construct Doppler echo signal model of the helicopter, utilize Matlab_M to construct an embeddable ADS target model after compensating relevant parameters of carrier and detector, and build up behavior level simulation chain of millimeter wave short-range detecting system by combination of the above target model and detector one. Finally, we do time-frequency processing for a mixer's output signal by setting node probe at the mixer's output line and using embeddable LabVIEW virtual instrument software, and get time-frequency spectrum diagram of the helicopter.
3. Under the system of linear frequency modulation (LFM) millimeter wave type, the simulation of continuous wave short-range detecting system is studied. Firstly, distance measurement principle of the detecting system and parameters of system model are analyzed constructe an ADS behavioral level function simulation model. We demonstrate correctness of the detecting system model by self-checking of the system. In addition, taking a trajectory helicopter as an example, we construct target model of it, and embed the target model into simulation of LFMCW frequency modulation detecting system. We utilize LabVIEW to analyze time-domain, frequency-domain and STFT of mixer's output signal. Analysis result shows that the mixer's different frequency signal not only truly reflects the apparent distance change between detector and target, but also depicts the helicopter's time-frequency spectrum diagram in detail. This improves intelligence of simulation.
4. Under the system of pseudo random code phase modulation combined with periodic square type, the simulation of continuous wave short-range detecting system is studied. Firstly, ranging and velocity measurement performance of ambiguity function of the detecting system are analyzed. We also discuss the selection of some parameters such as code width and rectangular wave period of the detecting system, and construct ADS simulation model of transmitter, receiver and target model simultaneously. A simple example is self-checked to verify feasibility of the system. Then, taking a trajectory cruise missile as an example, we utilize LabVIEW to analyze time-domain, frequency-domain and STFT of mixer's output signal. Analysis result shows that the method not only has a good performance of ranging, velocity measurement and anti-interference, but also has intuitive characteristic of graphic analysis. Hence it has great prospect in engineering practice.
5. Under the system of conical scanning active and passive millimeter wave type, the simulation of continuous wave short-range detecting system is studied. On the basis of the least second detection principle and characteristics of active frequency modulation ranging and passive radial direction location, we firstly construct ADS behavior level simulation of active and passive detecting system and discuss some key parameters of three-beam antennas such as rotating velocity, dropping velocity and internal angles. Then, we use LabVIEW to simulate detector signal at certain height. Corresponding result shows that this method not only obtains accurate distance parameter, but also greatly improves precision of target radial positioning, which has important significance in engineer practice.
引文
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