目标与背景红外辐射特征的模拟仿真
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摘要
随着红外制导和红外成像制导武器的发展，为了提高武器的性能，在武器的设计和研制阶段就必须对红外导引头的各项指标进行检测，这时需要提供目标和背景的红外特征，本课题正是针对这个需要，制作能够模拟目标和背景红外特征的红外成像目标模拟靶。
模拟靶系统研制过程包括可行性研究、整体设计、初步探索、最终的研制分析等四个阶段，需要从软、硬件两方面考虑。首先是选择模拟靶的元件阵列，并对阵列作热计算，根据元件阵列选择加热方式以及整个系统的控制系统，设计外围电路(着重解决MOS管通大电流的安全工作问题)和相应的控制软件，最后加工得到样机。
将已有目标和背景的红外特征作为数据源，在模拟靶样机上仿真目标和背景，通过红外成像仪，观测成像效果，最终在模拟靶样机上得到目标和背景红外图像的逼真再现。
With the development of IR guided system and IR imaging guided weapons, all kinds of parameters of IR seeker would be tested during design and manufacture of the weapons in order to increase the performance of the weapons. IR features of objects and background should be provided for such purposes. It is in urgent need to provide IR features of different objects and/or backgrounds under a variety of situations. This paper is to develop a simulation system of IR features of objects and background.
The process of design and manufacture of IR imaging simulation system is composed of four periods including feasibility investigation, whole frame design, primary exploration, final manufacture and analysis. Software and hardware are to be designed in the process. First, the resistor element array used for simulation system is selected and heat design of element array is finished. Second, the control system and heating mode are chosen according to resistor element array, then periphery electro-circuit and control software are carried out. Finally, the prototype of the simulation system is present.
IR features data of objects and background calculated from the numerical model are put into the simulation system. The prototype successfully finishes the whole simulation process and shows IR feature of the sample objects and background, which is observed by an IR scanner.
模拟靶系统研制过程包括可行性研究、整体设计、初步探索、最终的研制分析等四个阶段，需要从软、硬件两方面考虑。首先是选择模拟靶的元件阵列，并对阵列作热计算，根据元件阵列选择加热方式以及整个系统的控制系统，设计外围电路(着重解决MOS管通大电流的安全工作问题)和相应的控制软件，最后加工得到样机。
将已有目标和背景的红外特征作为数据源，在模拟靶样机上仿真目标和背景，通过红外成像仪，观测成像效果，最终在模拟靶样机上得到目标和背景红外图像的逼真再现。
With the development of IR guided system and IR imaging guided weapons, all kinds of parameters of IR seeker would be tested during design and manufacture of the weapons in order to increase the performance of the weapons. IR features of objects and background should be provided for such purposes. It is in urgent need to provide IR features of different objects and/or backgrounds under a variety of situations. This paper is to develop a simulation system of IR features of objects and background.
The process of design and manufacture of IR imaging simulation system is composed of four periods including feasibility investigation, whole frame design, primary exploration, final manufacture and analysis. Software and hardware are to be designed in the process. First, the resistor element array used for simulation system is selected and heat design of element array is finished. Second, the control system and heating mode are chosen according to resistor element array, then periphery electro-circuit and control software are carried out. Finally, the prototype of the simulation system is present.
IR features data of objects and background calculated from the numerical model are put into the simulation system. The prototype successfully finishes the whole simulation process and shows IR feature of the sample objects and background, which is observed by an IR scanner.
引文
1．杨世铭．传热学．第2版．北京：高等教育出版社，1987
2．弗兰克．P．英克鲁佩勒，戴维．P．戴威特．传热的基本原理．第1版．合肥：安徽教育出版社，1985
3．W．M．罗森诺．传热学基础手册(上册)．第1版．北京：科学出版社，1992
4．王健石．半导体器件散热器图册．第1版．北京：中国标准出版社，1995
5．康华光．电子技术基础．第1版．北京：人民教育出版社，1979
6．刘隆和．多模复合寻的制导技术．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社，1998
7．邓仁亮．光学制导技术．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社 1992
8．考夫曼，塞德曼．电子学计算手册．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社，1985
9．王永洪．线性集成运算放大器及应用．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，1989
10．南京工学院．电子设备结构设计原理．第1版．江苏：江苏科学技术出版社，1981
11．庄奕琪．微电子器件应用可靠性技术．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，1996
12．邱海平．电子元器件及仪器的热控制技术．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，1991
13．陈玻若．红外系统．第1版．北京：兵器工业出版社，1995
14．徐南荣，卞南华．红外辐射与制导．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社，1997
15．陈玻若．红外系统．第1版．北京：兵器工业出版社，1995
16．张维力，宋广礼．热成像．第1版．北京：新时代出版社，1988
17．张敬贤．微光与红外成像技术．第1版．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1995
18．汤毅坚．计算机局域网．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，1991
19．王华，叶爱亮，祁立学，曹凌云．Visual C++6.0编程实例与技巧．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
20．张载鸿．微型机(PC系列)接口控制教程．第1版．北京：清华大学出版社，1992
21．何立民．MCS-51系列单片机应用系列设计．第1版．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1990
22．王常力．工业控制计算机系统．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，1993
23．蔡德聪．工业控制计算机实时操作系统．第1版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
24．谈世哲，胡少宏．电路设计与制版Protel 98．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，1998
25．苗秀敏，朱金钧．计算机控制系统及应用．第1版．北京：北京科学技术出版社，1995
26．葛绍岩．金属及其他物质的热辐射性质表．第1版．北京：科学出版社，1958
27．宣益民，韩玉阁等．坦克红外热像理论建模、图像显示及仿真应用(GF报告)．2000
28．朱德忠，顾毓沁．电子器件真实温度和发射率分布的红外测量．红外技术．2000(22)：45-48
29．魏玺章，黎湘，庄钊文，傅耀文．红外目标背景及温度场的计算．红外与毫米波学报．2000，19(2)：139-141
30．杨茂华，李润顺，刘刚，李永前．便携式红外靶标发生器的研制．红外与激光工程．1999，28(5)：52-54
31．韩玉阁，宣益民．天然地形的随机生成及其红外辐射特性研究．红外与毫米波学报．2000Vol．19，No．2，()
32．张建奇，方小平，张海兴，白长城，杨宜禾．自然环境下地表红外辐射特性对比研究．红外与毫米波学报．1994，13：418-424
33．杨茂华，李润顺，刘刚，李永前．便携式红外靶标发生器的研制．红外与激光工程．1999(5)
34．安玮．空间目标红外辐射特性及识别特征研究．国防科技大学博士论文．1998：30-33
35.Terry Gonda, Grant, R.Gerhart. A Comprehensive Methodology for Thermal Signature Simulation of Targets and Backgrounds. SPIE. Vol. 1098:23—27
36.Owen M. Williams. Dynamic infrared scene projection: a review. Infrared Physics & Technology. 1998:473-486
37.David S. Flynn and Break Seiglinger. Formalism for Analyzing Spatial, Spectral, and Temporal Effects in a Hardware-in-the-loop System Involving a Pixelized Projector and a Passive Imaging Sensor. SPIE. vol.2741: 46-68
38.James A. Buford Jr. , Teri S. Dunavant. U.S. Army Missile Command Imaging Infrared System Simulation (Ⅱ RSS). SPIE. vol.2741: 69-80
39.B. Cole, R. Higashi, J. Ridley, J. Holmen. 512×512WISP(Wide Band Infrared Scene Projector) Arrays. SPIE. vol.2741:81-93
40.Lawrence E. Jones, Eric M. Olson, Lee Murrer. Investigation of the optical sampling between the infrared resistor array projector and the unit under test for hardware-in-the-loop testing. SPIE. vol.2741:94-109
41.D. Brett Beasley, John B. Copper. Performance Capabilities and Utilization of MICOM's Diode Laser Based Infrared Scene Projector Technology. SPIE. vol.2741:110-118
42.Robert Zim Dalbey. Fiber optic based infrared scene projector. SPIE. vol.2741:142-149
43． N.Ben-Yosef, B.Rahat, and GFeigin. Simulation of IR images of natural backgrounds. APPLIED OPTICS. 1983, 22(1) : 190-193
44． George C. Goldsmith Ⅱ, Mary, Amenda, Amick, Lawrence E. Jones. Integration, calibration, and testing of resistor dynamic infrared scene projector on the outer axis of a five axis flight motion simulator for real time hardware-in-the-loop simulations. SPIE. vol.2741: 119-130
2．弗兰克．P．英克鲁佩勒，戴维．P．戴威特．传热的基本原理．第1版．合肥：安徽教育出版社，1985
3．W．M．罗森诺．传热学基础手册(上册)．第1版．北京：科学出版社，1992
4．王健石．半导体器件散热器图册．第1版．北京：中国标准出版社，1995
5．康华光．电子技术基础．第1版．北京：人民教育出版社，1979
6．刘隆和．多模复合寻的制导技术．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社，1998
7．邓仁亮．光学制导技术．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社 1992
8．考夫曼，塞德曼．电子学计算手册．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社，1985
9．王永洪．线性集成运算放大器及应用．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，1989
10．南京工学院．电子设备结构设计原理．第1版．江苏：江苏科学技术出版社，1981
11．庄奕琪．微电子器件应用可靠性技术．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，1996
12．邱海平．电子元器件及仪器的热控制技术．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，1991
13．陈玻若．红外系统．第1版．北京：兵器工业出版社，1995
14．徐南荣，卞南华．红外辐射与制导．第1版．北京：国防工业出版社，1997
15．陈玻若．红外系统．第1版．北京：兵器工业出版社，1995
16．张维力，宋广礼．热成像．第1版．北京：新时代出版社，1988
17．张敬贤．微光与红外成像技术．第1版．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1995
18．汤毅坚．计算机局域网．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，1991
19．王华，叶爱亮，祁立学，曹凌云．Visual C++6.0编程实例与技巧．第1版．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
20．张载鸿．微型机(PC系列)接口控制教程．第1版．北京：清华大学出版社，1992
21．何立民．MCS-51系列单片机应用系列设计．第1版．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1990
22．王常力．工业控制计算机系统．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社，1993
23．蔡德聪．工业控制计算机实时操作系统．第1版．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
24．谈世哲，胡少宏．电路设计与制版Protel 98．第1版．北京：人民邮电出版社，1998
25．苗秀敏，朱金钧．计算机控制系统及应用．第1版．北京：北京科学技术出版社，1995
26．葛绍岩．金属及其他物质的热辐射性质表．第1版．北京：科学出版社，1958
27．宣益民，韩玉阁等．坦克红外热像理论建模、图像显示及仿真应用(GF报告)．2000
28．朱德忠，顾毓沁．电子器件真实温度和发射率分布的红外测量．红外技术．2000(22)：45-48
29．魏玺章，黎湘，庄钊文，傅耀文．红外目标背景及温度场的计算．红外与毫米波学报．2000，19(2)：139-141
30．杨茂华，李润顺，刘刚，李永前．便携式红外靶标发生器的研制．红外与激光工程．1999，28(5)：52-54
31．韩玉阁，宣益民．天然地形的随机生成及其红外辐射特性研究．红外与毫米波学报．2000Vol．19，No．2，()
32．张建奇，方小平，张海兴，白长城，杨宜禾．自然环境下地表红外辐射特性对比研究．红外与毫米波学报．1994，13：418-424
33．杨茂华，李润顺，刘刚，李永前．便携式红外靶标发生器的研制．红外与激光工程．1999(5)
34．安玮．空间目标红外辐射特性及识别特征研究．国防科技大学博士论文．1998：30-33
35.Terry Gonda, Grant, R.Gerhart. A Comprehensive Methodology for Thermal Signature Simulation of Targets and Backgrounds. SPIE. Vol. 1098:23—27
36.Owen M. Williams. Dynamic infrared scene projection: a review. Infrared Physics & Technology. 1998:473-486
37.David S. Flynn and Break Seiglinger. Formalism for Analyzing Spatial, Spectral, and Temporal Effects in a Hardware-in-the-loop System Involving a Pixelized Projector and a Passive Imaging Sensor. SPIE. vol.2741: 46-68
38.James A. Buford Jr. , Teri S. Dunavant. U.S. Army Missile Command Imaging Infrared System Simulation (Ⅱ RSS). SPIE. vol.2741: 69-80
39.B. Cole, R. Higashi, J. Ridley, J. Holmen. 512×512WISP(Wide Band Infrared Scene Projector) Arrays. SPIE. vol.2741:81-93
40.Lawrence E. Jones, Eric M. Olson, Lee Murrer. Investigation of the optical sampling between the infrared resistor array projector and the unit under test for hardware-in-the-loop testing. SPIE. vol.2741:94-109
41.D. Brett Beasley, John B. Copper. Performance Capabilities and Utilization of MICOM's Diode Laser Based Infrared Scene Projector Technology. SPIE. vol.2741:110-118
42.Robert Zim Dalbey. Fiber optic based infrared scene projector. SPIE. vol.2741:142-149
43． N.Ben-Yosef, B.Rahat, and GFeigin. Simulation of IR images of natural backgrounds. APPLIED OPTICS. 1983, 22(1) : 190-193
44． George C. Goldsmith Ⅱ, Mary, Amenda, Amick, Lawrence E. Jones. Integration, calibration, and testing of resistor dynamic infrared scene projector on the outer axis of a five axis flight motion simulator for real time hardware-in-the-loop simulations. SPIE. vol.2741: 119-130