竖向荷载作用下群桩效应模拟研究
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摘要
对群桩基础工作性能的研究一直是岩土工程领域的一个热点,但由于群桩基础无法进行现场载荷试验,而实验室模型试验又很难模拟群桩工作的实际状态,因此数值模拟分析方法的研究是十分必要的。本文首先回顾了以往的一些研究竖向荷载作用下群桩工作性状的方法,并对国内外的研究现状作了深入细致的研究。在此基础上,对单桩和群桩的工作性状做出了比较明确的阐述。然后介绍了ANSYS有限元程序的模拟方法,即采用三维实体建模的方法;采用ANSYS有限元程序中SOLID45单元对桩体、土体进行单元划分;在桩—土界面上采用ANSYS有限元程序提供的Targe170和Conta174单元来模拟接触面的力学性能;通过使用ANSYS有限元程序中的DP模型来模拟土的非线性。最后通过模拟分析得到群桩荷载—位移曲线及相应有关数据,通过对这些数据的分析来研究群桩基础的工作性状,并对某工程实例和模型试验的结果加以分析对比,说明ANSYS有限元程序能够很好的模拟群桩的工作性状。
本文研究了群桩的几何特性,主要指桩数、桩距、承台对于竖向荷载作用下群桩的受力性能的影响,从中总结出群桩的几何特性在何种状态下更有利于发挥承载能力,此外,论文还研究了群桩基础的承台效应、侧阻效应、端阻效应以及群桩基础的破坏模式、破坏特征及承载能力,以达到更加安全、经济的目的。
Research on the effect of pile-group foundation is a focus all along in geotechnical engineering. However, since the field prototype test of pile-group foundation is impossible, it is of necessity to research by numerical simulation method.
Performance of pile-group is simulated by ANSYS FEM (Finite Element Method) program in this paper. Previous methods to study performance of pile- group under vertical loads are reviewed and present research development in and out of China is discussed in detail. Based on the above work, performances of single pile and pile-group foundation are clearly stated. The simulation method of ANSYS FEM program id introduced, that is, three-dimensional solid modeling method. Pile and soil are discretized into SOLID45 elements in ANSYS FEM program. On pile-soil interface, mechanics properties of contact surface are simulated by Targe170 and Conta174 Elements provided by ANSYS FEM program. Soil nonlinearity is simulated by DP model in ANSYS FEM program. Finally, load-displacement curves of pile group and related data are obtained by simulation analysis. Performance of pile-group foundation is studied by analyzing the calculated results. Compared with an engineering example and model test results, the ANSYS FEM program can well simulate performance of pile group.
The research in this paper is to study the influence of geometry properties mainly about pile number、pile diameter、cap size on vertical load behavior of pile-group. By comparison with vertical load behavior of single pile and pile with cap, the state in which the geometry properties of pile group are more advantageous to develop bearing capacity is concluded to obtain a safer and more economical design.
本文研究了群桩的几何特性,主要指桩数、桩距、承台对于竖向荷载作用下群桩的受力性能的影响,从中总结出群桩的几何特性在何种状态下更有利于发挥承载能力,此外,论文还研究了群桩基础的承台效应、侧阻效应、端阻效应以及群桩基础的破坏模式、破坏特征及承载能力,以达到更加安全、经济的目的。
Research on the effect of pile-group foundation is a focus all along in geotechnical engineering. However, since the field prototype test of pile-group foundation is impossible, it is of necessity to research by numerical simulation method.
Performance of pile-group is simulated by ANSYS FEM (Finite Element Method) program in this paper. Previous methods to study performance of pile- group under vertical loads are reviewed and present research development in and out of China is discussed in detail. Based on the above work, performances of single pile and pile-group foundation are clearly stated. The simulation method of ANSYS FEM program id introduced, that is, three-dimensional solid modeling method. Pile and soil are discretized into SOLID45 elements in ANSYS FEM program. On pile-soil interface, mechanics properties of contact surface are simulated by Targe170 and Conta174 Elements provided by ANSYS FEM program. Soil nonlinearity is simulated by DP model in ANSYS FEM program. Finally, load-displacement curves of pile group and related data are obtained by simulation analysis. Performance of pile-group foundation is studied by analyzing the calculated results. Compared with an engineering example and model test results, the ANSYS FEM program can well simulate performance of pile group.
The research in this paper is to study the influence of geometry properties mainly about pile number、pile diameter、cap size on vertical load behavior of pile-group. By comparison with vertical load behavior of single pile and pile with cap, the state in which the geometry properties of pile group are more advantageous to develop bearing capacity is concluded to obtain a safer and more economical design.
引文
1高大钊,岩土工程的回顾与前瞻,人民交通出版社,2001
2横山幸满,桩结构物的计算方法和计算实例,中国铁道出版社,1984
3袁聚云等,基础工程设计原理,上海同济大学出版社,2001
4建筑桩基技术规范,中国建筑工业出版社,1995: 2～3
5赵志绪等,地下与基础工程百问,中国建筑工业出版社,2001
6左明麒,胡人礼,毛洪渊,桩基础工程设计施工检测,铁道出版社,1996
7史佩栋主编,实用桩基工程手册,中国建筑工业出版社,1999
8何水源,群桩基础设计的优化方法,工业建筑,第29卷第10期,1999,10:69～72
9上海市工程建设规范《地基基础设计规范》,1999:66～67 , 257～258
10史佩栋主编,实用桩基工程手册,中国建筑工业出版社,1999
11刘金砺主编,桩基设计施工与检测,2001
12顾晓鲁、钱鸿缙、刘惠珊、汪时敏,地基与基础,中国建筑工业出版社,1995:427～429
13 Y.K.Chow, Interactive Analysis of Pile-soil-pile Interaction, Ge- otechnique, Vol.16.No.6,2004: 73～82
14 Sharnoubg E.L, Novak M. Pile Groups Under Static and Dynamic Loa- ding, Proc.11th Conf,SMFE,1985:91～106
15横山幸满,桩结构物计算方法和计算实例,唐业清译,1984:14～143
16胡人礼,桥梁桩基础分析和设计,中国建筑工业出版社,1995:66～70
17 Ottaviani M, Three-dimensional Finiite Element Analysis of Verti- cal Loaded Pile, Geotechnique,1975,2:225～238
18 Fleming W G K, Weltman AJ, Randolph MF, Elson W K, Piling Engine- erring, New York: Wiley,2002: 78～92
19 Poulos, H.G. and Davis, E.H.,Piles Foundation Analysis and Design, John wiley and Sons, New York,1980: 39～54
20 Clement J L M. Nonlinear Analysis of Settlement and Load Distrib- ution in Pile Groups, Computers and Structure,2002,2:436～447
21 Banerjee P K, Davies T G, Analysis of Pile Groups Embedded in Gi- bson Soil.Proc.9th Int.Conf.SMFE, Tokyo.1977:44～57
22 Randolph W F,Wroth C P, An Analysis of the Vertical Deformation of Pile Group. Geotechnique,1979,4:629～641
23日本土木工程手册,唐业清、孙明漳、周兰芳译中国铁道出版社,1984
24 Bartolomey, A.A., Yushkov, B.S., Variation in Time of Capacity of Pile Foundations in Clays, Proc, XIICSMFE.Vol.3,1985: 1517～1520
25 Cooke, R.W., Price, G.and Tarr,K., Jeaked Piles in London Clay:a study of load transfer and settlement under working condition, Geotechnique,Vol.29.No.2. 1979: 14～29
26建筑地基基础设计规范,中国建筑工业出版社,1980: 34～51
27建筑桩基技术规范,中国建筑工业出版社,1995: 25～40
28钱家欢、殷宗泽,土工原理及计算,中国水利水电出版社,1996.5:114～156
29徐芝纶,弹性力学,高等教育出版社,1978: 88～96
30 Poulos, H.G,and Davis, E.H.,Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, 1980
31 Cookke, R.W., Price,G.and Tarr,K.J., Jacked Pile in London Clay:a study of load transfer and settlement under working conditions, Geotechnique,1974,2:29～35
32邓建辉,层状地基上桩筏基础的分析方法及其布桩优化研究,重庆建筑大学博士学位论文,1999
33朱百里、沈珠江,计算土力学,上海科技技术出版社,1990:83～85
34杨嵘昌、宰金珉,广义剪切位移法分析桩—土—承台非线性共同作用原理,岩土工程学报,1994,6: 103～116
35 Cooke R W et al.Jacked Piles in London Clay:interaction and group behaviour under working conditions. Geotechnique,1980,2: 38～45
36胡汉兵、余祖明,竖向荷载下群桩承载特性的弹塑性分析,长江科学院院报,2001,2: 41～44
37 Cheung Y K,Tham L G, Guo D J. Analysis of Pile Group by Infinite Layer Method. Getechnique, 1988,3: 438～447
38 Chow Y K, Analysis of Vertically Loaded Pile Groups.International Journal and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1986(10): 44～51
39 Fredrikson, A.and Rosen, R.,Foundation on Creep Piles, Design Pa-rameters, Graphical Presentation by Computer of Resultant Force System as well as an Analysis of Test Pile Results, Proc.ICSMFE. Vol.3,1972: 1383～1386
40 Lee C Y,Discrete Layer Analysis of Axially loaded Piles and pile groups. Computers and Geotechnics,Vol.11,No.4,2003: 126～142
41 Meyerhof,G..G, Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Pile Foundation, Journal of Geot.Eng Div, Proc.ASce, Vol.102,No.GT.3, 1976: 143～152
42 Fujita, K, Pile Construction and Related Problem, Proc.Internati- onal Conference on Deep Foundations,Vol.2, 2002: 1137～1155
43 Poulos, H.G., Davis, E.H., The Settlement Behaviour of Single Axially Loaded in Compressible Piles and Piers, Geogtechnique, 1968: 18～26
44 Butterfield, R. and Banerjee, P.K. The Problem of Pile Group-pile Cap Interaction, Geotechnique, 21,No.2,1971: 135～142
45桩基工程手册,中国建筑工业出版社,1995: 9～222
46黄文熙,土的工程性质,水利电力出版社,1983: 23～45
47金问鲁、骆敏,桩基—土共同作用的连续化分析,岩土工程学报,1991,9: 51～58
48卢世深、林亚超,桩基础的设计和分析,中国建筑工业出版社,1987: 89～102
49叶萌、陆平,不同桩距群桩基础的对比分析,住宅科技,1998,11:8～10
50刘金砺、黄强等,竖向荷载下其群桩变形性状及沉降计算,岩土工程学报,1995,6: 1～13
51董建国、赵锡宏,高层建筑地基基础—共同作用理论与实践,同济大学出版社,1997: 56～78
52梁明德、刘岳,刚性承台群桩的非线性分析,岩土工程学报,1995,6: 23～31
53唐锦春、孙炳楠、郭鼎康,计算结构力学,浙江大学出版社,1989
54王助成、邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法,国防工业出版社,1994
55朱伯芳,有限单元法原理与应用,水力电力出版社,1997
56谭建国,使用ANSYS进行有限元分析,北京大学出版社,2002: 1～15
57 ANSYS分析计算手册—非线性分析指南,美国ANSYS公司北京办事处,1999: 24～35
58 A.P. S. Selvadurai,土与基础相互作用的弹性分析,范文田等译,中国铁道出版社,1984年
59王幼青、张克绪等,桩—承台—地基土相互作用试验研究,哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1998,2:41～46
60宋和平,单桩在竖向荷载作用下的荷载—沉降曲线及土参数确定,哈尔滨建筑大学建筑工程学院硕士学位论文,1998
2横山幸满,桩结构物的计算方法和计算实例,中国铁道出版社,1984
3袁聚云等,基础工程设计原理,上海同济大学出版社,2001
4建筑桩基技术规范,中国建筑工业出版社,1995: 2～3
5赵志绪等,地下与基础工程百问,中国建筑工业出版社,2001
6左明麒,胡人礼,毛洪渊,桩基础工程设计施工检测,铁道出版社,1996
7史佩栋主编,实用桩基工程手册,中国建筑工业出版社,1999
8何水源,群桩基础设计的优化方法,工业建筑,第29卷第10期,1999,10:69～72
9上海市工程建设规范《地基基础设计规范》,1999:66～67 , 257～258
10史佩栋主编,实用桩基工程手册,中国建筑工业出版社,1999
11刘金砺主编,桩基设计施工与检测,2001
12顾晓鲁、钱鸿缙、刘惠珊、汪时敏,地基与基础,中国建筑工业出版社,1995:427～429
13 Y.K.Chow, Interactive Analysis of Pile-soil-pile Interaction, Ge- otechnique, Vol.16.No.6,2004: 73～82
14 Sharnoubg E.L, Novak M. Pile Groups Under Static and Dynamic Loa- ding, Proc.11th Conf,SMFE,1985:91～106
15横山幸满,桩结构物计算方法和计算实例,唐业清译,1984:14～143
16胡人礼,桥梁桩基础分析和设计,中国建筑工业出版社,1995:66～70
17 Ottaviani M, Three-dimensional Finiite Element Analysis of Verti- cal Loaded Pile, Geotechnique,1975,2:225～238
18 Fleming W G K, Weltman AJ, Randolph MF, Elson W K, Piling Engine- erring, New York: Wiley,2002: 78～92
19 Poulos, H.G. and Davis, E.H.,Piles Foundation Analysis and Design, John wiley and Sons, New York,1980: 39～54
20 Clement J L M. Nonlinear Analysis of Settlement and Load Distrib- ution in Pile Groups, Computers and Structure,2002,2:436～447
21 Banerjee P K, Davies T G, Analysis of Pile Groups Embedded in Gi- bson Soil.Proc.9th Int.Conf.SMFE, Tokyo.1977:44～57
22 Randolph W F,Wroth C P, An Analysis of the Vertical Deformation of Pile Group. Geotechnique,1979,4:629～641
23日本土木工程手册,唐业清、孙明漳、周兰芳译中国铁道出版社,1984
24 Bartolomey, A.A., Yushkov, B.S., Variation in Time of Capacity of Pile Foundations in Clays, Proc, XIICSMFE.Vol.3,1985: 1517～1520
25 Cooke, R.W., Price, G.and Tarr,K., Jeaked Piles in London Clay:a study of load transfer and settlement under working condition, Geotechnique,Vol.29.No.2. 1979: 14～29
26建筑地基基础设计规范,中国建筑工业出版社,1980: 34～51
27建筑桩基技术规范,中国建筑工业出版社,1995: 25～40
28钱家欢、殷宗泽,土工原理及计算,中国水利水电出版社,1996.5:114～156
29徐芝纶,弹性力学,高等教育出版社,1978: 88～96
30 Poulos, H.G,and Davis, E.H.,Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, 1980
31 Cookke, R.W., Price,G.and Tarr,K.J., Jacked Pile in London Clay:a study of load transfer and settlement under working conditions, Geotechnique,1974,2:29～35
32邓建辉,层状地基上桩筏基础的分析方法及其布桩优化研究,重庆建筑大学博士学位论文,1999
33朱百里、沈珠江,计算土力学,上海科技技术出版社,1990:83～85
34杨嵘昌、宰金珉,广义剪切位移法分析桩—土—承台非线性共同作用原理,岩土工程学报,1994,6: 103～116
35 Cooke R W et al.Jacked Piles in London Clay:interaction and group behaviour under working conditions. Geotechnique,1980,2: 38～45
36胡汉兵、余祖明,竖向荷载下群桩承载特性的弹塑性分析,长江科学院院报,2001,2: 41～44
37 Cheung Y K,Tham L G, Guo D J. Analysis of Pile Group by Infinite Layer Method. Getechnique, 1988,3: 438～447
38 Chow Y K, Analysis of Vertically Loaded Pile Groups.International Journal and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1986(10): 44～51
39 Fredrikson, A.and Rosen, R.,Foundation on Creep Piles, Design Pa-rameters, Graphical Presentation by Computer of Resultant Force System as well as an Analysis of Test Pile Results, Proc.ICSMFE. Vol.3,1972: 1383～1386
40 Lee C Y,Discrete Layer Analysis of Axially loaded Piles and pile groups. Computers and Geotechnics,Vol.11,No.4,2003: 126～142
41 Meyerhof,G..G, Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Pile Foundation, Journal of Geot.Eng Div, Proc.ASce, Vol.102,No.GT.3, 1976: 143～152
42 Fujita, K, Pile Construction and Related Problem, Proc.Internati- onal Conference on Deep Foundations,Vol.2, 2002: 1137～1155
43 Poulos, H.G., Davis, E.H., The Settlement Behaviour of Single Axially Loaded in Compressible Piles and Piers, Geogtechnique, 1968: 18～26
44 Butterfield, R. and Banerjee, P.K. The Problem of Pile Group-pile Cap Interaction, Geotechnique, 21,No.2,1971: 135～142
45桩基工程手册,中国建筑工业出版社,1995: 9～222
46黄文熙,土的工程性质,水利电力出版社,1983: 23～45
47金问鲁、骆敏,桩基—土共同作用的连续化分析,岩土工程学报,1991,9: 51～58
48卢世深、林亚超,桩基础的设计和分析,中国建筑工业出版社,1987: 89～102
49叶萌、陆平,不同桩距群桩基础的对比分析,住宅科技,1998,11:8～10
50刘金砺、黄强等,竖向荷载下其群桩变形性状及沉降计算,岩土工程学报,1995,6: 1～13
51董建国、赵锡宏,高层建筑地基基础—共同作用理论与实践,同济大学出版社,1997: 56～78
52梁明德、刘岳,刚性承台群桩的非线性分析,岩土工程学报,1995,6: 23～31
53唐锦春、孙炳楠、郭鼎康,计算结构力学,浙江大学出版社,1989
54王助成、邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法,国防工业出版社,1994
55朱伯芳,有限单元法原理与应用,水力电力出版社,1997
56谭建国,使用ANSYS进行有限元分析,北京大学出版社,2002: 1～15
57 ANSYS分析计算手册—非线性分析指南,美国ANSYS公司北京办事处,1999: 24～35
58 A.P. S. Selvadurai,土与基础相互作用的弹性分析,范文田等译,中国铁道出版社,1984年
59王幼青、张克绪等,桩—承台—地基土相互作用试验研究,哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1998,2:41～46
60宋和平,单桩在竖向荷载作用下的荷载—沉降曲线及土参数确定,哈尔滨建筑大学建筑工程学院硕士学位论文,1998