针灸经穴与筋膜汇集区相关性的数字解剖学研究
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摘要
研究目的
结合计算机数学、数字解剖学、应用解剖学、放射影像学等学科,利用计算机自动标识与三维重建技术,研究经穴分布与人体筋膜汇集区相关的解剖学证据、规律特点,探讨针灸经穴可能的作用机制,为经穴实质研究、针灸治疗机理研究以及临床应用筋膜汇集区经穴提供解剖学和影像学参考。
材料和方法
1、人体筋膜汇集区的计算机自动标识与“筋膜经络”三维重建:获取虚拟中国人男1号数据集,利用计算机软件,首先提取肌肉,完成去噪处理;然后通过边缘检测,求出肌肉轮廓点的凸包;最后完成对筋膜汇集区的标记,并对标记的筋膜汇集区利用3D-DOCTOR软件进行三维重建。
2、重建“筋膜经络”与经典经络走行路线对比分析:首先在数字人研究的基础上利用计算机三维重建人体全身的筋膜网状支架,并对人体肢体和躯干的筋膜进行标记和三维重建,构成与古代文献记载经络走行相似的串珠状连线,应用计算机三维图像处理软件结合数学分析方法,在重建的虚拟人体上对筋膜重建经线与经典经线体表走行路线进行对比研究。
3、筋膜汇集区穴位的应用解剖学研究:常规福尔马林固定成人尸体全身标本5具,男2具,女3具,另外观察零碎尸体部位若干。依筋膜分布形态特点与实际穴位分布多寡把全身筋膜分区,层次解剖观察各主要筋膜汇集区内经穴穴区局部的神经、血管、筋膜结缔组织和肌肉等组织结构解剖分布特点。操作时在场2名以上有经验的针灸专业人员进行穴位定位,切开皮肤后逐层依次解剖观察记录穴位的各层次解剖结构。穴区观察范围取穴位点为中心直径1cm组织。所有穴位均按针灸学教科书中骨度分寸法定位。
4、筋膜汇集区经穴的CT影像学对照研究:成年男性尸体上、下肢标本各1具,由2名以上资深针灸专业人员对尸体上下肢标本共82个国标穴位进行经穴位置定位后,取0.5寸至4寸长度华佗牌30号不锈钢针(苏州),按第六版《针灸学》教材描述方法进针,取平均常见针刺深度值针刺并留针标记,应用德国西门子公司16排螺旋CT扫描获取图像数据,对获取的CT图像数据进行三维重建、可视化浏览,并与尸体解剖结果参照作对比分析,观察筋膜汇集区与经穴解剖学分布的相关性。
结果
1、我们对虚拟中国人男1号数据集利用计算机软件进行程式自动识别标记筋膜汇集区,过程中首先提取肌肉,完成去噪处理;然后通过边缘检测,求出肌肉轮廓点的凸包;最后完成对筋膜汇集区的标记,并对标记的筋膜汇集区利用3D-DOCTOR软件进行三维重建,得到了与传统中医经络图谱描述相似的重建虚拟经线。
2、人工对女性数字人数据进行分割并进行了整体筋膜重建,构筑了全身冠状面结缔组织筋膜支架。可以看到人体结缔组织广泛分布到人体的各个部位,形成一个完整的结缔组织支架,人体其他器官均被结缔组织所包绕。我们共取了躯干及四肢部6条主要经脉与相对应的已合成筋膜经线进行走行路线对比研究,取得相关的原始测量数据。数据用SPSS10.0软件行统计学分析并生成复合线性图。可见各条重建筋膜经线基本上呈围绕相应经典经线走行的趋势。其中任、督二脉重建筋膜经线与经典经线走行路线完全重合。人体筋膜重建经线与中医古代文献记载的经脉体表走行路线对比结果显示二者基本相似。
3、大体解剖观察显示,人体大部分经穴密集分布于全身筋膜类结缔组织中,针刺该类经穴产生治疗效应的动力学基础可能与针刺等物理刺激牵张穴区筋膜有关,生物学基础可能与穴区内筋膜中多含有丰富的神经、血管、淋巴终末有关。筋膜汇集区内经穴依其在身体的不同部位又各有独特的解剖学特点,与其各自特殊的针刺手法操作与主治功能大致相对应。
4、对按常见得气深度进行经穴针刺标记处理的尸体四肢标本CT扫描并三维重建,观察结果显示四肢部十二正经经穴标记针体或针尖大部分落在肌间隔、肌间隙等筋膜汇集区与骨膜上,与尸体解剖观察结果一致,四肢部经穴与人体筋膜汇集区在解剖学分布上呈密切相关。中医经络穴位的解剖学基础可能存在于全身的筋膜类结缔组织中。
结论
研究结论认为,中医针灸经穴与筋膜汇集区在解剖学分布上密切相关。大体解剖学观察发现人体大部分经穴密集分布于全身筋膜类结缔组织中,针刺该类经穴产生治疗效应的动力学基础可能与针刺等物理刺激牵张穴区筋膜有关。研究同时发现筋膜汇集区内经穴依其在身体的不同部位又各有独特的解剖学特点,与其各自特殊的针刺手法操作与主治功能大致相对应。在解剖学研究基础上,对按常见得气深度进行经穴针刺标记处理的新鲜尸体四肢标本CT扫描重建结果显示,传统中医针灸刺激部位在肢体主要集中于肌间隔与骨膜等筋膜结缔组织汇集区,这与此前在尸体上进行的大体解剖学观察结论相一致。合作开发的计算机自动识别工具可对虚拟人体全身筋膜汇集区自动识别标记并三维重建出与传统经络记载相似的虚拟经线,在一定程度上避免了此前研究筋膜重建手工识别过程中产生的人为因素误差。人体筋膜三维重建经线与中医经络线经对比在直观形态上相似,两者之间存在密切的解剖学位置关系。研究结果在数字解剖学和影像学方面部分支持了原林教授等原创的筋膜学理论中关于中医针灸经穴的理论观点,有必要全面深入进行中医针灸理论的筋膜学探讨。
南方医科大学原林结合发育生物学与现代生物学研究提出的筋膜学理论认为,在人体等高等动物体内存在一个由中胚层未分化间充质细胞进化发育而来的广泛的筋膜系统,该系统在高等动物(包括人类)的解剖学组成为分布到除中枢神经系统以外的各种组织器官筋膜结缔组织,构成自体监控与储备支持系统,该系统通过神经反射调节、神经内分泌调节、神经免疫调节等环节对组织细胞生命和功能状态进行监测和调控,维持机体内环境稳定。筋膜作为人体内第十大功能系统发挥自体监控与支持储备作用,其可能是中医学中经络穴位的生物学基础,穴位的本质是筋膜上在接受刺激时能产生较强生物信息的部位(如肌间隔、肌间隙等在针刺手法操作时能牵动较大范围筋膜结构从而产生较强生物信息的部位),同一经脉上的穴位具有相同或相关联的神经隶属或循环支配,穴位与非穴位之间只有产生生物信息量的差异而并无质的区别,“经脉”为“穴位”间具有解剖学结构相连或神经传入接近的筋膜结构,各种针灸疗法通过对人体筋膜结构产生机械刺激,从而激活、强化筋膜系统发挥自体监控修复与支持储备功能。筋膜学理论的提出,无疑将予以经穴实质研究以创新性的启示。
Objective
To explore the anatomical evidence for the relationship between meridians & acupuncture points and fascia converging areas with auto-marked and 3D-Rebuilding techniques,combining computerized mathematics,digital anatomy,applied anatomy and Radiology.This series of study were set to give reference of the research on acupoint essence and acupuncture mechanism and the clinical application of acupoints in fascia converging areas.
Methods
1st.Computerized automark of fascia converging areas and rebuilding of fascia lines:
At first,this method extracted the muscles and eliminated noise;Then it detected the edges and found a convex hull of the muscles edge;After such procedures,the interstitial connective tissue points were marked in the cross section images from the digital dataset of VCH-M1(Virtual Chinese Human-Male1);Finally,the auto-marked images were reconstructed with 3D-DOCTOR.
2~(nd).Contrast study on the line course of fascia meridians made by three dimensional reconstruction and classical meridians in virtual human body:
The reticular frame of whole body's fascia and connection tissue had been set up by means of three dimensional reconstruction based on the Digital Human Technology at first,then strings of beads like lines were reconstructed by mark and three dimensional reconstruction of interstitial connective tissue in this fascia network frame in limbs and trunk.Contrast study on the line course of reconstructed fascia meridians and classical meridians in Digitized Virtual Human were made through computerized image processing software and mathematical methods.
3~(rd).Applied anatomic study on the acupuncture points in fascia converging areas:
5 embalmed cadavers(2 male,3 female) and pieces of fragments were layered anatomized and observed.Nerves,vessels,fascia and muscles were focused especially in each divisional part of fascia converging areas(division accord to the distribution characteristics of fascias and acupoints) for being convinced of containing most of acupoints.Acupoints region were anatomized and observed after being located by two experienced acupuncturist.
4~(th).Radiology study on the acupuncture points in fascia converging areas:
At first,Acupoints on the upper and lower limbs of one male cadaver were located and acupunctured by two experienced acupuncturist with needles(HUATUO band,made in Suzhou,China) according to the reference textbook.Then these needle-marked limbs were scanned in the SIEMENS SENSATION 16 CT machine and three dimensioned constructed.Finally,the outputs data were transformed from DICOM to JPEG format and analyzed to find out evidence of the correlation between acupoints and fascia converging areas.
Results
1st.Computerized automark of fascia converging areas and rebuilding of fascia lines:
In the study,We devised a program which extracted the muscles and eliminated noise on the VCH-M1 at first;Then it detected the edges and found a convex hull of the muscles edge;After such procedures,the interstitial connective tissue points were marked in the cross section images from the digital dataset of VCH-M1;Finally,the auto-marked images were reconstructed with 3D-DOCTOR.The reconstructed meridians auto-marked with computer procedures tallied basically with the meridians and collaterals recorded in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) illustrative graphics.
2~(nd).Contrast study on the line course of fascia meridians made by three dimensional reconstruction and classical meridians in virtual human body:
The images of the fascias from the digitized virtual Chinese female dataset were separated from those of other tissues for three-dimensional reconstruction of the connective tissue network model of human body.After separation and three-dimensional reconstruction,we constructed the fascia network model on the coronal plane.The fascias were labeled on the transverse sections of the trunk so as to show their distribution.The images show that the connective tissue is distributed extensively over various parts of the human body and form a complete connective tissue framework.All of the human organs were coated with the fascia tissues;also extend into the organs to form partitions within the organs(with the exception of the central nerve system).Six main meridians on the limbs and trunk were selected to contrast with the rebuilding fascia lines,and measurement data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS 10.0 statistic's software which output a multiple line chart.The rebuilding fascia line courses went basically along those of the meridians in the acupuncture therapy recorded in the TCM ancient scripts.
3~(rd).Applied anatomic study on the acupuncture points in fascia converging areas:
The anatomic study show that most of acupoints distributed in fascia converging areas or fascia like connective tissues.The effect of stimulating these kinds of acupoints may owe to the tensility change of fascia during manipulation in kinetic view.Abundant vessels and nerves endings and such like active tissues in the fascia may give biological basement in this procedure.We also found that acupoints embedded in fascia converging areas had different anatomic characteristics at different part of the body,which corresponding with their therapeutic function respectively.
4~(th).Radiology study on the acupuncture points in fascia converging areas:
The acupoints on limbs were acupunctured and marked with needles according to description on the acupuncture textbook.The CT scan and rebuilding results showed that most of the acupoints on the 12 meridians located in fascia converging areas such as interstitial connective tissues and periosteum.This result tallied with the anatomic outcome.The anatomic essence of meridians and acupuncture points in TCM may exist in the fascia like connective tissues coated the body.
Conclusion
Close anatomic relationship exists in fascia converging areas and meridians and acupuncture points.The anatomy research found out that most of acupoints distributed in fascia converging areas.The mechanism of acupuncture therapy may be caused by tensility change and displacement of the fascia tissues caused by needle movement during manipulation.Acupoints embedded in fascia converging areas have different anatomic characteristics at different part of the body which maybe the reason of different points have different manipulation ways and effects.The CT scan and 3D-rebuilding results showed that most of the acupoints on the 12 meridians located in fascia converging areas such as interstitial connective tissues and periosteum,which according with the anatomic outcome.The method with computer procedures auto-marked techniques avoided man-made error to a certainty degree in the process of recognizing and rebuilding of fascia converging areas.The reconstructed line course of fascia converging areas went basically along those of the meridians in the acupuncture therapy recorded in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ancient scripts.Close anatomic relationship exists in fascia and meridians and collaterals.
The results validated the views on acupuncture points in the FASCIAOLOGY authorized by professor Yuan from anatomy and radiology.It's necessary to develop the research of fasciaology which may interpret TCM and acupuncture theory.
In the FASCIAOLOGY theory which authorized by Professor Yuan Lin,fascia originally evolved from the mesenchyme of the metazoan phyla and then from extracellular fluid(ECF) in the multicellular organism in the process of phylogenic evolution.In light of biological phylogeny and embryo development,he put forward a hypothesis that an Self-supervision and surveillance system may exist in the human body,which differs essentially from the nine established functional systems. Functionally,the fascia framework not only provides a soft support of the body but also maintains the systemic balance by regulating the neural reflexes,neuroendocrine activity,neuroimmunity,and by repairing the cell and tissue injuries.The term FASCIAOLOGYwas coined to denote the bulk of research on this 10~(th) system,where biologically valid explanations for the fundamental mechanisms of acupuncture therapy may be found.In the fascial network,sensitive nerve endings,active cells and lymphatic vessels abounded in the sites with thick connective tissue,and acupoints were mainly located where thick connective tissues were present too.Needling at these sites may induce definite biological effects.The Self-supervision and surveillance system may be the anatomical basis for various acupuncture therapies. This hypothesis may provide a brand new insight into further research on the biomedical basis of acupuncture and TCM.
结合计算机数学、数字解剖学、应用解剖学、放射影像学等学科,利用计算机自动标识与三维重建技术,研究经穴分布与人体筋膜汇集区相关的解剖学证据、规律特点,探讨针灸经穴可能的作用机制,为经穴实质研究、针灸治疗机理研究以及临床应用筋膜汇集区经穴提供解剖学和影像学参考。
材料和方法
1、人体筋膜汇集区的计算机自动标识与“筋膜经络”三维重建:获取虚拟中国人男1号数据集,利用计算机软件,首先提取肌肉,完成去噪处理;然后通过边缘检测,求出肌肉轮廓点的凸包;最后完成对筋膜汇集区的标记,并对标记的筋膜汇集区利用3D-DOCTOR软件进行三维重建。
2、重建“筋膜经络”与经典经络走行路线对比分析:首先在数字人研究的基础上利用计算机三维重建人体全身的筋膜网状支架,并对人体肢体和躯干的筋膜进行标记和三维重建,构成与古代文献记载经络走行相似的串珠状连线,应用计算机三维图像处理软件结合数学分析方法,在重建的虚拟人体上对筋膜重建经线与经典经线体表走行路线进行对比研究。
3、筋膜汇集区穴位的应用解剖学研究:常规福尔马林固定成人尸体全身标本5具,男2具,女3具,另外观察零碎尸体部位若干。依筋膜分布形态特点与实际穴位分布多寡把全身筋膜分区,层次解剖观察各主要筋膜汇集区内经穴穴区局部的神经、血管、筋膜结缔组织和肌肉等组织结构解剖分布特点。操作时在场2名以上有经验的针灸专业人员进行穴位定位,切开皮肤后逐层依次解剖观察记录穴位的各层次解剖结构。穴区观察范围取穴位点为中心直径1cm组织。所有穴位均按针灸学教科书中骨度分寸法定位。
4、筋膜汇集区经穴的CT影像学对照研究:成年男性尸体上、下肢标本各1具,由2名以上资深针灸专业人员对尸体上下肢标本共82个国标穴位进行经穴位置定位后,取0.5寸至4寸长度华佗牌30号不锈钢针(苏州),按第六版《针灸学》教材描述方法进针,取平均常见针刺深度值针刺并留针标记,应用德国西门子公司16排螺旋CT扫描获取图像数据,对获取的CT图像数据进行三维重建、可视化浏览,并与尸体解剖结果参照作对比分析,观察筋膜汇集区与经穴解剖学分布的相关性。
结果
1、我们对虚拟中国人男1号数据集利用计算机软件进行程式自动识别标记筋膜汇集区,过程中首先提取肌肉,完成去噪处理;然后通过边缘检测,求出肌肉轮廓点的凸包;最后完成对筋膜汇集区的标记,并对标记的筋膜汇集区利用3D-DOCTOR软件进行三维重建,得到了与传统中医经络图谱描述相似的重建虚拟经线。
2、人工对女性数字人数据进行分割并进行了整体筋膜重建,构筑了全身冠状面结缔组织筋膜支架。可以看到人体结缔组织广泛分布到人体的各个部位,形成一个完整的结缔组织支架,人体其他器官均被结缔组织所包绕。我们共取了躯干及四肢部6条主要经脉与相对应的已合成筋膜经线进行走行路线对比研究,取得相关的原始测量数据。数据用SPSS10.0软件行统计学分析并生成复合线性图。可见各条重建筋膜经线基本上呈围绕相应经典经线走行的趋势。其中任、督二脉重建筋膜经线与经典经线走行路线完全重合。人体筋膜重建经线与中医古代文献记载的经脉体表走行路线对比结果显示二者基本相似。
3、大体解剖观察显示,人体大部分经穴密集分布于全身筋膜类结缔组织中,针刺该类经穴产生治疗效应的动力学基础可能与针刺等物理刺激牵张穴区筋膜有关,生物学基础可能与穴区内筋膜中多含有丰富的神经、血管、淋巴终末有关。筋膜汇集区内经穴依其在身体的不同部位又各有独特的解剖学特点,与其各自特殊的针刺手法操作与主治功能大致相对应。
4、对按常见得气深度进行经穴针刺标记处理的尸体四肢标本CT扫描并三维重建,观察结果显示四肢部十二正经经穴标记针体或针尖大部分落在肌间隔、肌间隙等筋膜汇集区与骨膜上,与尸体解剖观察结果一致,四肢部经穴与人体筋膜汇集区在解剖学分布上呈密切相关。中医经络穴位的解剖学基础可能存在于全身的筋膜类结缔组织中。
结论
研究结论认为,中医针灸经穴与筋膜汇集区在解剖学分布上密切相关。大体解剖学观察发现人体大部分经穴密集分布于全身筋膜类结缔组织中,针刺该类经穴产生治疗效应的动力学基础可能与针刺等物理刺激牵张穴区筋膜有关。研究同时发现筋膜汇集区内经穴依其在身体的不同部位又各有独特的解剖学特点,与其各自特殊的针刺手法操作与主治功能大致相对应。在解剖学研究基础上,对按常见得气深度进行经穴针刺标记处理的新鲜尸体四肢标本CT扫描重建结果显示,传统中医针灸刺激部位在肢体主要集中于肌间隔与骨膜等筋膜结缔组织汇集区,这与此前在尸体上进行的大体解剖学观察结论相一致。合作开发的计算机自动识别工具可对虚拟人体全身筋膜汇集区自动识别标记并三维重建出与传统经络记载相似的虚拟经线,在一定程度上避免了此前研究筋膜重建手工识别过程中产生的人为因素误差。人体筋膜三维重建经线与中医经络线经对比在直观形态上相似,两者之间存在密切的解剖学位置关系。研究结果在数字解剖学和影像学方面部分支持了原林教授等原创的筋膜学理论中关于中医针灸经穴的理论观点,有必要全面深入进行中医针灸理论的筋膜学探讨。
南方医科大学原林结合发育生物学与现代生物学研究提出的筋膜学理论认为,在人体等高等动物体内存在一个由中胚层未分化间充质细胞进化发育而来的广泛的筋膜系统,该系统在高等动物(包括人类)的解剖学组成为分布到除中枢神经系统以外的各种组织器官筋膜结缔组织,构成自体监控与储备支持系统,该系统通过神经反射调节、神经内分泌调节、神经免疫调节等环节对组织细胞生命和功能状态进行监测和调控,维持机体内环境稳定。筋膜作为人体内第十大功能系统发挥自体监控与支持储备作用,其可能是中医学中经络穴位的生物学基础,穴位的本质是筋膜上在接受刺激时能产生较强生物信息的部位(如肌间隔、肌间隙等在针刺手法操作时能牵动较大范围筋膜结构从而产生较强生物信息的部位),同一经脉上的穴位具有相同或相关联的神经隶属或循环支配,穴位与非穴位之间只有产生生物信息量的差异而并无质的区别,“经脉”为“穴位”间具有解剖学结构相连或神经传入接近的筋膜结构,各种针灸疗法通过对人体筋膜结构产生机械刺激,从而激活、强化筋膜系统发挥自体监控修复与支持储备功能。筋膜学理论的提出,无疑将予以经穴实质研究以创新性的启示。
Objective
To explore the anatomical evidence for the relationship between meridians & acupuncture points and fascia converging areas with auto-marked and 3D-Rebuilding techniques,combining computerized mathematics,digital anatomy,applied anatomy and Radiology.This series of study were set to give reference of the research on acupoint essence and acupuncture mechanism and the clinical application of acupoints in fascia converging areas.
Methods
1st.Computerized automark of fascia converging areas and rebuilding of fascia lines:
At first,this method extracted the muscles and eliminated noise;Then it detected the edges and found a convex hull of the muscles edge;After such procedures,the interstitial connective tissue points were marked in the cross section images from the digital dataset of VCH-M1(Virtual Chinese Human-Male1);Finally,the auto-marked images were reconstructed with 3D-DOCTOR.
2~(nd).Contrast study on the line course of fascia meridians made by three dimensional reconstruction and classical meridians in virtual human body:
The reticular frame of whole body's fascia and connection tissue had been set up by means of three dimensional reconstruction based on the Digital Human Technology at first,then strings of beads like lines were reconstructed by mark and three dimensional reconstruction of interstitial connective tissue in this fascia network frame in limbs and trunk.Contrast study on the line course of reconstructed fascia meridians and classical meridians in Digitized Virtual Human were made through computerized image processing software and mathematical methods.
3~(rd).Applied anatomic study on the acupuncture points in fascia converging areas:
5 embalmed cadavers(2 male,3 female) and pieces of fragments were layered anatomized and observed.Nerves,vessels,fascia and muscles were focused especially in each divisional part of fascia converging areas(division accord to the distribution characteristics of fascias and acupoints) for being convinced of containing most of acupoints.Acupoints region were anatomized and observed after being located by two experienced acupuncturist.
4~(th).Radiology study on the acupuncture points in fascia converging areas:
At first,Acupoints on the upper and lower limbs of one male cadaver were located and acupunctured by two experienced acupuncturist with needles(HUATUO band,made in Suzhou,China) according to the reference textbook.Then these needle-marked limbs were scanned in the SIEMENS SENSATION 16 CT machine and three dimensioned constructed.Finally,the outputs data were transformed from DICOM to JPEG format and analyzed to find out evidence of the correlation between acupoints and fascia converging areas.
Results
1st.Computerized automark of fascia converging areas and rebuilding of fascia lines:
In the study,We devised a program which extracted the muscles and eliminated noise on the VCH-M1 at first;Then it detected the edges and found a convex hull of the muscles edge;After such procedures,the interstitial connective tissue points were marked in the cross section images from the digital dataset of VCH-M1;Finally,the auto-marked images were reconstructed with 3D-DOCTOR.The reconstructed meridians auto-marked with computer procedures tallied basically with the meridians and collaterals recorded in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) illustrative graphics.
2~(nd).Contrast study on the line course of fascia meridians made by three dimensional reconstruction and classical meridians in virtual human body:
The images of the fascias from the digitized virtual Chinese female dataset were separated from those of other tissues for three-dimensional reconstruction of the connective tissue network model of human body.After separation and three-dimensional reconstruction,we constructed the fascia network model on the coronal plane.The fascias were labeled on the transverse sections of the trunk so as to show their distribution.The images show that the connective tissue is distributed extensively over various parts of the human body and form a complete connective tissue framework.All of the human organs were coated with the fascia tissues;also extend into the organs to form partitions within the organs(with the exception of the central nerve system).Six main meridians on the limbs and trunk were selected to contrast with the rebuilding fascia lines,and measurement data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS 10.0 statistic's software which output a multiple line chart.The rebuilding fascia line courses went basically along those of the meridians in the acupuncture therapy recorded in the TCM ancient scripts.
3~(rd).Applied anatomic study on the acupuncture points in fascia converging areas:
The anatomic study show that most of acupoints distributed in fascia converging areas or fascia like connective tissues.The effect of stimulating these kinds of acupoints may owe to the tensility change of fascia during manipulation in kinetic view.Abundant vessels and nerves endings and such like active tissues in the fascia may give biological basement in this procedure.We also found that acupoints embedded in fascia converging areas had different anatomic characteristics at different part of the body,which corresponding with their therapeutic function respectively.
4~(th).Radiology study on the acupuncture points in fascia converging areas:
The acupoints on limbs were acupunctured and marked with needles according to description on the acupuncture textbook.The CT scan and rebuilding results showed that most of the acupoints on the 12 meridians located in fascia converging areas such as interstitial connective tissues and periosteum.This result tallied with the anatomic outcome.The anatomic essence of meridians and acupuncture points in TCM may exist in the fascia like connective tissues coated the body.
Conclusion
Close anatomic relationship exists in fascia converging areas and meridians and acupuncture points.The anatomy research found out that most of acupoints distributed in fascia converging areas.The mechanism of acupuncture therapy may be caused by tensility change and displacement of the fascia tissues caused by needle movement during manipulation.Acupoints embedded in fascia converging areas have different anatomic characteristics at different part of the body which maybe the reason of different points have different manipulation ways and effects.The CT scan and 3D-rebuilding results showed that most of the acupoints on the 12 meridians located in fascia converging areas such as interstitial connective tissues and periosteum,which according with the anatomic outcome.The method with computer procedures auto-marked techniques avoided man-made error to a certainty degree in the process of recognizing and rebuilding of fascia converging areas.The reconstructed line course of fascia converging areas went basically along those of the meridians in the acupuncture therapy recorded in the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ancient scripts.Close anatomic relationship exists in fascia and meridians and collaterals.
The results validated the views on acupuncture points in the FASCIAOLOGY authorized by professor Yuan from anatomy and radiology.It's necessary to develop the research of fasciaology which may interpret TCM and acupuncture theory.
In the FASCIAOLOGY theory which authorized by Professor Yuan Lin,fascia originally evolved from the mesenchyme of the metazoan phyla and then from extracellular fluid(ECF) in the multicellular organism in the process of phylogenic evolution.In light of biological phylogeny and embryo development,he put forward a hypothesis that an Self-supervision and surveillance system may exist in the human body,which differs essentially from the nine established functional systems. Functionally,the fascia framework not only provides a soft support of the body but also maintains the systemic balance by regulating the neural reflexes,neuroendocrine activity,neuroimmunity,and by repairing the cell and tissue injuries.The term FASCIAOLOGYwas coined to denote the bulk of research on this 10~(th) system,where biologically valid explanations for the fundamental mechanisms of acupuncture therapy may be found.In the fascial network,sensitive nerve endings,active cells and lymphatic vessels abounded in the sites with thick connective tissue,and acupoints were mainly located where thick connective tissues were present too.Needling at these sites may induce definite biological effects.The Self-supervision and surveillance system may be the anatomical basis for various acupuncture therapies. This hypothesis may provide a brand new insight into further research on the biomedical basis of acupuncture and TCM.
引文
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