连续波雷达信号识别与参数提取技术研究
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摘要
在现代十分复杂的电磁环境中,连续波雷达信号作为一种特殊的信号形式,其信号识别和参数提取已越来越得到重视,雷达侦察系统应具有对连续波信号进行分析处理的能力,因此有必要对其信号调制方式识别和调制参数提取技术进行研究。
本文主要研究连续波雷达信号的调制方式识别和调制参数提取问题,并进行计算机仿真。首先介绍了连续波雷达信号的各种调制方式,研究了各种信号的基本特征。然后介绍了信号瞬时频率提取算法,本文利用短时傅立叶变换对连续波雷达信号的瞬时频率进行提取。
根据连续波信号的频谱宽度识别出非调制连续波信号。提取已调制连续波信号的瞬时频率,对其频谱分析识别出频率调制和相位编码调制连续波信号。调频连续波信号根据其瞬时频率的频谱识别出各种调频方式,相位编码调制连续波信号根据其原信号平方的谱宽识别出二相码和四相码相位调制方式。经仿真,在信噪比较低时,识别正确率仍较高。
在正确识别出调制方式基础上对调制参数进行提取,对于非调制连续波信号用修正Rife算法进行载频估计。对于调频连续波信号,对其瞬时频率进行频谱分析来提取调制参数。对于相位编码调制连续波信号,先估计其载频和初相,再进行相关运算,由相关运算的输出提取码元宽度和码序列,仿真结果表明该算法精度较高。
In the modern extremely complex electromagnetic environment, as a special form of the signal, the signal identification and parameter extraction of continuous-wave radar signal obtain more and more attention. The radar detection system should have the analyzing and processing ability to the continuous-wave signal, so it's necessary to research on its signal modulation identification and modulation parameter extraction techniques.
The modulation identification and modulation parameter extraction of continuous-wave radar signal are researched in this paper and then the computer simulation is given. Firstly, each modulation of the continuous-wave radar signals is introduced and the basic characteristic of each signal is talked about. And then the instantaneous frequency signal extraction algorithms is introduced and the short-time Fourier transform is adopted to extract the instantaneous frequency of continuous-wave radar signal in this paper.
The non-modulated continuous-wave signal is identified according to the spectral width of the continuous-waves signal. The instantaneous frequency of the modulated continuous-wave signal is extracted to identify the frequency modulation or phase-coded modulation continuous wave signal by the analysis of spectral. Each kind of frequency-modulated signal is distinguished by the spectral analysis of instantaneous frequency. Two-phase and four-phase coded modulation continuous-wave signal is identified by the square spectral width analysis of original signal. According to the simulation, the recognition accuracy rate is still high in low signal-to-noise ratio condition.
Modulation parameter extraction is based on correct modulation identification. For the non-modulated continuous-wave signal, amend Rife algorithm is used to estimates carrier frequency. Regarding frequency modulated continuous wave signal, the spectral analysis of instantaneous frequency is used to extract modulation parameter. For the phase-coded modulation continuous-wave signal, first estimates its carrier frequency and phase, then get a correlation operation, the element width and the code sequence is extracted by the output of correlation operation. By simulation, we can conclude that this algorithm has a high precision.
本文主要研究连续波雷达信号的调制方式识别和调制参数提取问题,并进行计算机仿真。首先介绍了连续波雷达信号的各种调制方式,研究了各种信号的基本特征。然后介绍了信号瞬时频率提取算法,本文利用短时傅立叶变换对连续波雷达信号的瞬时频率进行提取。
根据连续波信号的频谱宽度识别出非调制连续波信号。提取已调制连续波信号的瞬时频率,对其频谱分析识别出频率调制和相位编码调制连续波信号。调频连续波信号根据其瞬时频率的频谱识别出各种调频方式,相位编码调制连续波信号根据其原信号平方的谱宽识别出二相码和四相码相位调制方式。经仿真,在信噪比较低时,识别正确率仍较高。
在正确识别出调制方式基础上对调制参数进行提取,对于非调制连续波信号用修正Rife算法进行载频估计。对于调频连续波信号,对其瞬时频率进行频谱分析来提取调制参数。对于相位编码调制连续波信号,先估计其载频和初相,再进行相关运算,由相关运算的输出提取码元宽度和码序列,仿真结果表明该算法精度较高。
In the modern extremely complex electromagnetic environment, as a special form of the signal, the signal identification and parameter extraction of continuous-wave radar signal obtain more and more attention. The radar detection system should have the analyzing and processing ability to the continuous-wave signal, so it's necessary to research on its signal modulation identification and modulation parameter extraction techniques.
The modulation identification and modulation parameter extraction of continuous-wave radar signal are researched in this paper and then the computer simulation is given. Firstly, each modulation of the continuous-wave radar signals is introduced and the basic characteristic of each signal is talked about. And then the instantaneous frequency signal extraction algorithms is introduced and the short-time Fourier transform is adopted to extract the instantaneous frequency of continuous-wave radar signal in this paper.
The non-modulated continuous-wave signal is identified according to the spectral width of the continuous-waves signal. The instantaneous frequency of the modulated continuous-wave signal is extracted to identify the frequency modulation or phase-coded modulation continuous wave signal by the analysis of spectral. Each kind of frequency-modulated signal is distinguished by the spectral analysis of instantaneous frequency. Two-phase and four-phase coded modulation continuous-wave signal is identified by the square spectral width analysis of original signal. According to the simulation, the recognition accuracy rate is still high in low signal-to-noise ratio condition.
Modulation parameter extraction is based on correct modulation identification. For the non-modulated continuous-wave signal, amend Rife algorithm is used to estimates carrier frequency. Regarding frequency modulated continuous wave signal, the spectral analysis of instantaneous frequency is used to extract modulation parameter. For the phase-coded modulation continuous-wave signal, first estimates its carrier frequency and phase, then get a correlation operation, the element width and the code sequence is extracted by the output of correlation operation. By simulation, we can conclude that this algorithm has a high precision.
引文
[1]解文斌.脉冲信号的特征分析和辐射源识别研究.硕士学位论文.国防科学技术大学,2003
[2]刘国岁,孙光民,顾红等.连续波雷达及其信号处理技术[J].现代雷达,1995,17(6):20-36
[3]James Tsui著,杨小牛,陆安南,金飚译.宽带数字接收机[M].北京,电子工业出版社,2002.9.17
[4]Barkat B,Boashash B.Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Polynomial FM Signals using the Peak of PWVD:Statistical Performance in the Presence of Additive Gausian Noise[J].IEEE Trans on SP.1999,47(9)
[5]尉宇,孙德宝,郑继刚.基于FrFT优化窗的STFT及非线性调频信号估计[J].宇航学报,2005,26(2):217-221
[6]Peleg S,Porat B.The discrete polynomial-phase transform[J].IEEE Tram Signal Processing.1995,43:1901-1914
[7]靖展,刘渝,席轶敏.非线性调频信号参数估计算法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2001,33(5):441-444
[8]钱云襄,刘渝,黄慧慧.线性调频连续波信号参数估计算法[J].现代雷达,2006,40-43
[9]钱云襄,刘渝.调频连续波雷达信号调制方式识别算法研究[J].数据采集与处理,2005,272-276
[10]Gardner William A.Exploitation of Spectral Redundancy in Cyclostationary Signals[J].IEEE SPM,1991,8(2):14-16
[11]韩国栋,蔡斌,邹江兴.调制分析与识别的谱相关方法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(3):34-36
[12]Stefan Pittner,Kamarthi Sagar V.Feature Extraction from Wavelet Coefficients for Pattern Recognition Tasks[J].IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1999
[13]那云(力虎).司锡才,蒯冲.二相编码信号调制分析与识别[J].系统工程与电子技术,2004,26(3):298-300
[14]邓振淼,刘渝,梁帅.PSK伪码速率估计[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2006,38(1):91-95
[15]张明友,汪学刚,雷达系统[M].北京,电子工业出版社,2006,35-36,42-43
[16]Merrill I.Skolnik主编,王军,林强,米慈中等译.雷达手册[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2003:563-568
[17]陈平,李庆民,赵彤.瞬时频率估计算法研究进展综述[J].电测与仪表,2006,43(487):2
[18]普运伟,金炜东,胡来招.基于瞬时频率二次特征提取的辐射源信号分类[J],2007,42(3):373-379
[19]董晖,姜秋喜,毕大平.数字侦察接收机中的瞬时频率测量技术[J].电子对抗技术,2005,20(5):7-10
[20]邹顺.雷达信号分选与细微特征分析.硕士学位论文.西北工业大学,2006,50-51
[21]陈平.信号瞬时频率的估计方法及其应用.硕士学位论文.山东大学,2007,59
[22]胡广书.现代信号处理教程[M].北京.清华大学出版社,2004,52-58,72-74,239-240
[23]程佩青.现代信号处理教程[M].北京.清华大学出版社,2004,350
[24]林琳.非线性调频雷达信号的参数估计算法研究.硕士学位论文.电子科技大学,2006,12-14
[25]陈建文,葛临东,吴月娴.利用小波脊线实现数字调制信号的自动识别[J].电路与系统学报,2007,12(3):73-77
[26]南京工学院数学教研组.积分变换[M].北京.高等教育出版社,2003,3
[27]李显宏.MATLAB7.X界面设计与编译技巧[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2006,203-280
[28]Rife D C,Vincent G A.Use of the discrete Fourier transform in the measurement of frequencies and levels of tones[J].Bell Syst Tech J,1970,49:197-228
[29]邓振淼,刘渝,王志忠.正弦波频率估计的修正Rife算法[J].数据采集与处理,2006,21(4):473-477
[30]齐国清,贾欣乐.基于DFT相位的正弦波频率和初相的高精度估计方法[J].电子学报,2001,29(9):1164-1167
[31]黄硕翼,石荣,陈锡明.基于码周期的延时相乘法估计扩频QPSK信号载频[J].电子信息对抗技术,2007,22(6):9-11
[32]杨姗姗.雷达信号调制方式识别研究.硕士学位论文.南京航空航天大学,2007,35-36
[2]刘国岁,孙光民,顾红等.连续波雷达及其信号处理技术[J].现代雷达,1995,17(6):20-36
[3]James Tsui著,杨小牛,陆安南,金飚译.宽带数字接收机[M].北京,电子工业出版社,2002.9.17
[4]Barkat B,Boashash B.Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Polynomial FM Signals using the Peak of PWVD:Statistical Performance in the Presence of Additive Gausian Noise[J].IEEE Trans on SP.1999,47(9)
[5]尉宇,孙德宝,郑继刚.基于FrFT优化窗的STFT及非线性调频信号估计[J].宇航学报,2005,26(2):217-221
[6]Peleg S,Porat B.The discrete polynomial-phase transform[J].IEEE Tram Signal Processing.1995,43:1901-1914
[7]靖展,刘渝,席轶敏.非线性调频信号参数估计算法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2001,33(5):441-444
[8]钱云襄,刘渝,黄慧慧.线性调频连续波信号参数估计算法[J].现代雷达,2006,40-43
[9]钱云襄,刘渝.调频连续波雷达信号调制方式识别算法研究[J].数据采集与处理,2005,272-276
[10]Gardner William A.Exploitation of Spectral Redundancy in Cyclostationary Signals[J].IEEE SPM,1991,8(2):14-16
[11]韩国栋,蔡斌,邹江兴.调制分析与识别的谱相关方法[J].系统工程与电子技术,2001,23(3):34-36
[12]Stefan Pittner,Kamarthi Sagar V.Feature Extraction from Wavelet Coefficients for Pattern Recognition Tasks[J].IEEE Trans on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1999
[13]那云(力虎).司锡才,蒯冲.二相编码信号调制分析与识别[J].系统工程与电子技术,2004,26(3):298-300
[14]邓振淼,刘渝,梁帅.PSK伪码速率估计[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2006,38(1):91-95
[15]张明友,汪学刚,雷达系统[M].北京,电子工业出版社,2006,35-36,42-43
[16]Merrill I.Skolnik主编,王军,林强,米慈中等译.雷达手册[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2003:563-568
[17]陈平,李庆民,赵彤.瞬时频率估计算法研究进展综述[J].电测与仪表,2006,43(487):2
[18]普运伟,金炜东,胡来招.基于瞬时频率二次特征提取的辐射源信号分类[J],2007,42(3):373-379
[19]董晖,姜秋喜,毕大平.数字侦察接收机中的瞬时频率测量技术[J].电子对抗技术,2005,20(5):7-10
[20]邹顺.雷达信号分选与细微特征分析.硕士学位论文.西北工业大学,2006,50-51
[21]陈平.信号瞬时频率的估计方法及其应用.硕士学位论文.山东大学,2007,59
[22]胡广书.现代信号处理教程[M].北京.清华大学出版社,2004,52-58,72-74,239-240
[23]程佩青.现代信号处理教程[M].北京.清华大学出版社,2004,350
[24]林琳.非线性调频雷达信号的参数估计算法研究.硕士学位论文.电子科技大学,2006,12-14
[25]陈建文,葛临东,吴月娴.利用小波脊线实现数字调制信号的自动识别[J].电路与系统学报,2007,12(3):73-77
[26]南京工学院数学教研组.积分变换[M].北京.高等教育出版社,2003,3
[27]李显宏.MATLAB7.X界面设计与编译技巧[M].北京.电子工业出版社,2006,203-280
[28]Rife D C,Vincent G A.Use of the discrete Fourier transform in the measurement of frequencies and levels of tones[J].Bell Syst Tech J,1970,49:197-228
[29]邓振淼,刘渝,王志忠.正弦波频率估计的修正Rife算法[J].数据采集与处理,2006,21(4):473-477
[30]齐国清,贾欣乐.基于DFT相位的正弦波频率和初相的高精度估计方法[J].电子学报,2001,29(9):1164-1167
[31]黄硕翼,石荣,陈锡明.基于码周期的延时相乘法估计扩频QPSK信号载频[J].电子信息对抗技术,2007,22(6):9-11
[32]杨姗姗.雷达信号调制方式识别研究.硕士学位论文.南京航空航天大学,2007,35-36