雷达中频信号数字接收技术研究
摘要
在现代雷达系统中，数字化已经成为发展的必然趋势，所以对数字接收机的研究很有意义。理想的数字接收机是直接进行射频数字化，但目前由于技术水平的限制实现起来还很困难，所以我们对中频数字接收机作了一定的研究。
本文基于软件无线电技术的思想，设计实现了基于 PCI 总线结构的软件无线电接收机系统。本文主要分三个部分，其中第一部分介绍了中频数字化接收的理论基础、方案设计；第二部分重点讲述了基于FPGA可编程芯片的中频接收系统的实现；第三部分讲述了系统PCI总线接口部分的设计。
课题完成了雷达中频信号经A/D变换、数字下变频处理后通过 PCI 总线接口输入计算机；同时，处理后信号通过D/A变换回放成模拟信号输出。这种基于FPGA可编程芯片、PCI总线结构的设计非常灵活，易于模块化、系统软硬件升级方便，节约成本。
本文完成的主要工作：
完成系统方案的论证
完成对雷达中频信号的A/D变换硬件电路设计
完成基于FPGA中频接收机系统的软硬件设计实现和调试
完成处理后信号的D/A变换硬件电路设计
完成PCI总线接口设计实现
测试结果表明，系统工作稳定，满足了设计的要求。
Digitalization is very important in the modern radar systems, so it is very useful to study Digitized Receiver. Because of actual technology, it is difficult to sample RF signal, so we study IF Digitized Receiver now.
Based on software radio technology, we have designed IF digital receiver based on PCI bus architecture. This paper included three parts: one is introduction of theory of IF digital receiver and system scheme demonstrating; the second is about implementation of IF system based on FPGA; the third is the design of PCI bus interface.
The receiver is implemented through the large scale programmable FPGA chip. The radar IF signal after A/D sampling and digital down converter transfer to host through PCI bus for further signal processing. At the same time, data are converted to analog signal through D/A converter. The system based-on FPGA and PCI bus architecture updates software and hardware handily, economizes cost.
The primary works in this paper are presented as follows:
To complete the system scheme demonstration
To complete the A/D sampling hardware circuit design of radar IF signal.
To complete software and hardware design of IF processing based on FPGA
To complete D/A converter hardware design
To complete PCI bus interface design
The results of FPGA simulation indicate that the technique is feasible and the experiment results show that the performance of the system is excellent.
本文基于软件无线电技术的思想，设计实现了基于 PCI 总线结构的软件无线电接收机系统。本文主要分三个部分，其中第一部分介绍了中频数字化接收的理论基础、方案设计；第二部分重点讲述了基于FPGA可编程芯片的中频接收系统的实现；第三部分讲述了系统PCI总线接口部分的设计。
课题完成了雷达中频信号经A/D变换、数字下变频处理后通过 PCI 总线接口输入计算机；同时，处理后信号通过D/A变换回放成模拟信号输出。这种基于FPGA可编程芯片、PCI总线结构的设计非常灵活，易于模块化、系统软硬件升级方便，节约成本。
本文完成的主要工作：
完成系统方案的论证
完成对雷达中频信号的A/D变换硬件电路设计
完成基于FPGA中频接收机系统的软硬件设计实现和调试
完成处理后信号的D/A变换硬件电路设计
完成PCI总线接口设计实现
测试结果表明，系统工作稳定，满足了设计的要求。
Digitalization is very important in the modern radar systems, so it is very useful to study Digitized Receiver. Because of actual technology, it is difficult to sample RF signal, so we study IF Digitized Receiver now.
Based on software radio technology, we have designed IF digital receiver based on PCI bus architecture. This paper included three parts: one is introduction of theory of IF digital receiver and system scheme demonstrating; the second is about implementation of IF system based on FPGA; the third is the design of PCI bus interface.
The receiver is implemented through the large scale programmable FPGA chip. The radar IF signal after A/D sampling and digital down converter transfer to host through PCI bus for further signal processing. At the same time, data are converted to analog signal through D/A converter. The system based-on FPGA and PCI bus architecture updates software and hardware handily, economizes cost.
The primary works in this paper are presented as follows:
To complete the system scheme demonstration
To complete the A/D sampling hardware circuit design of radar IF signal.
To complete software and hardware design of IF processing based on FPGA
To complete D/A converter hardware design
To complete PCI bus interface design
The results of FPGA simulation indicate that the technique is feasible and the experiment results show that the performance of the system is excellent.
引文
[1] (美)R.E.克劳切、L.R.拉宾纳 著，广增 译，徐思钧 校，多采样率数字信号处理，人民邮电出版社，1988 年 2 月
[2] 杨小牛.楼才义.徐建良.软件无线电原理与应用.北京：电子工业出版社.2001
[3] 胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现.北京：清华大学出版社.1997
[4] 宗孔德.多抽样率信号处理.北京.清华大学出版社.1996
[5] James Tsui Bao-Yen著.顾耀平.何自强等译.宽带接收机数字技术.成都.1996
[6] 肖庆.宽带数字侦察接收机的实现.电子对抗.2003.N0.6.16-20
[7] 王诚.薛小刚等FPGA/CPLD设计工具－Xilinx ISE5.x使用详解.北京:人民邮电出版社.2003
[8] 夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[9] 褚振勇.翁木云.FPGA设计及应用.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.2002
[10] 宋千.陆必应.梁甸农. 基于FPGA的FIR滤波器的高效实现.信号处理,Vol.17 No.5 OCT,2001,385-391
[11] (美)Art Baker.Jerry Lozano著.施诺 译.windows2000设备驱动驱动程序设计指南.北京。机械工业出版社.2001
[12] (美)Chris Cant著.孙义.马莉波等 译.Windows WDM设备驱动程序开发指南.北京。机械工业出版社.2000
[13] 王长清.顾红.基于PCI总线德大容量雷达数据采集系统的设计.电子工程师，Vol28.NO.8.2002，45－47
[14] 刘海华.基于PCI总线的多通道DMA传输.电子技术应用，2004
[15] Xilinx data sheet.2002
[16] PCI Local Bus Specification V2.2.1998
[17] PCI9054 Data Book .PLX Technology Inc.2000
[18] Jon Alfredsson. Design of a parallel A/D converter system on PCB – For high-speed sampling and timing error estimation. Master Thesis. Link?ping University, Sweden.2002.3
[19] AD9226 Data Book. Analog Devices Inc . http://www.analog.com .2003
[20] AD9760. Data Book. Analog Devices Inc . http://www.analog.com .2003
[21] 李贵山.戚德虎.PCI局部总线开发者指南.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.2001
[22] David J.Kruglinski. Scot Wingo. George Shepherd 著.希望图书创作室 译.Visual C++ 6.0技术内幕.北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002
[23] 王丽华. 遥测系统（PCM/FM）中频数字接收机技术的研究：[硕士论文].成都.电子科技大学电子工程学院.2003
[24] 郑莉.董渊.C＋＋语言程序设计.北京.清华大学出版社.2001
[25] 刘书明.刘斌.高性能模数与数模转换器件.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2000
[2] 杨小牛.楼才义.徐建良.软件无线电原理与应用.北京：电子工业出版社.2001
[3] 胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现.北京：清华大学出版社.1997
[4] 宗孔德.多抽样率信号处理.北京.清华大学出版社.1996
[5] James Tsui Bao-Yen著.顾耀平.何自强等译.宽带接收机数字技术.成都.1996
[6] 肖庆.宽带数字侦察接收机的实现.电子对抗.2003.N0.6.16-20
[7] 王诚.薛小刚等FPGA/CPLD设计工具－Xilinx ISE5.x使用详解.北京:人民邮电出版社.2003
[8] 夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.2003
[9] 褚振勇.翁木云.FPGA设计及应用.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.2002
[10] 宋千.陆必应.梁甸农. 基于FPGA的FIR滤波器的高效实现.信号处理,Vol.17 No.5 OCT,2001,385-391
[11] (美)Art Baker.Jerry Lozano著.施诺 译.windows2000设备驱动驱动程序设计指南.北京。机械工业出版社.2001
[12] (美)Chris Cant著.孙义.马莉波等 译.Windows WDM设备驱动程序开发指南.北京。机械工业出版社.2000
[13] 王长清.顾红.基于PCI总线德大容量雷达数据采集系统的设计.电子工程师，Vol28.NO.8.2002，45－47
[14] 刘海华.基于PCI总线的多通道DMA传输.电子技术应用，2004
[15] Xilinx data sheet.2002
[16] PCI Local Bus Specification V2.2.1998
[17] PCI9054 Data Book .PLX Technology Inc.2000
[18] Jon Alfredsson. Design of a parallel A/D converter system on PCB – For high-speed sampling and timing error estimation. Master Thesis. Link?ping University, Sweden.2002.3
[19] AD9226 Data Book. Analog Devices Inc . http://www.analog.com .2003
[20] AD9760. Data Book. Analog Devices Inc . http://www.analog.com .2003
[21] 李贵山.戚德虎.PCI局部总线开发者指南.西安.西安电子科技大学出版社.2001
[22] David J.Kruglinski. Scot Wingo. George Shepherd 著.希望图书创作室 译.Visual C++ 6.0技术内幕.北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002
[23] 王丽华. 遥测系统（PCM/FM）中频数字接收机技术的研究：[硕士论文].成都.电子科技大学电子工程学院.2003
[24] 郑莉.董渊.C＋＋语言程序设计.北京.清华大学出版社.2001
[25] 刘书明.刘斌.高性能模数与数模转换器件.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2000