MIMO雷达的性能分析与侦察识别
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摘要
目前雷达系统由于受多径和遮挡现象影响,对低空/超低空目标难以探测,其生存受到反辐射导弹攻击、电磁干扰以及隐身目标等问题的威胁。受MIMO通信思想的启发,近年提出了MIMO雷达的概念,期望通过收/发多天线配置、空间多通道并行传输在雷达领域获得突破,以解决雷达目前面临的一系列问题。MIMO雷达的出现也给现代电子对抗带来了新的挑战。
本文介绍了MIMO雷达的基本原理、结构分类、信号模型、正交发射信号形成、接收端信号处理等技术。其中重点对接收端信号处理流程进行了系统分析;研究了MIMO雷达不同于普通相阵控雷达的数字多波束形成技术;对其目标识别能力、抗干扰等性能进行了详细分析,指出MIMO雷达在提高目标检测性能、参数估计精度、目标分辨率、抗干扰等方面较传统雷达有明显优点;同时结合现代侦察技术,研究了对MIMO雷达侦察识别的方法。针对MIMO雷达分集体制的特点,分析了应采用的侦察识别手段,论述了对MIMO雷达基于多信号时、空、频相关性的识别原则,并进行了相关的仿真分析,验证了识别方案的可行性;最后在侦察识别的基础上研究了对MIMO雷达的干扰技术,指出干扰效果的评估准则和相关干扰应具有的特点。
At present, there are many problems in traditional radar system. For example, low altitude targets or super low altitude targets are difficulty to be detected for multiple paths and shelter phenomenon, the attacking of anti-radiation missile, electromagnetism jamming and stealth targets. In order to cope with these challenges, the new concept of MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) radar is proposed, which makes multi-antenna configuration and uses space multi-channel parallel transmission. MIMO radar also brings new challenges to the domain of ECM.
Firstly, the principles of MIMO radar are presented in this paper, including the structure, classification, signal model, orthogonal waveform and signal processing system. Secondly, with MIMO radar signal processing analysis, the sequel DBF technology and mutil-target detection capability of MIMO radar are investigated. Thirdly, the MIMO radar reconnissionce and identification technology are discussed. A method of making correlation analysis based on time\space\frequency for multiple signals is proposed. Simulation results in the computer are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal. Finally, the electronic jamming methods of MIMO radar are investigated. The evaluation criterion of jamming effects is also presented.
本文介绍了MIMO雷达的基本原理、结构分类、信号模型、正交发射信号形成、接收端信号处理等技术。其中重点对接收端信号处理流程进行了系统分析;研究了MIMO雷达不同于普通相阵控雷达的数字多波束形成技术;对其目标识别能力、抗干扰等性能进行了详细分析,指出MIMO雷达在提高目标检测性能、参数估计精度、目标分辨率、抗干扰等方面较传统雷达有明显优点;同时结合现代侦察技术,研究了对MIMO雷达侦察识别的方法。针对MIMO雷达分集体制的特点,分析了应采用的侦察识别手段,论述了对MIMO雷达基于多信号时、空、频相关性的识别原则,并进行了相关的仿真分析,验证了识别方案的可行性;最后在侦察识别的基础上研究了对MIMO雷达的干扰技术,指出干扰效果的评估准则和相关干扰应具有的特点。
At present, there are many problems in traditional radar system. For example, low altitude targets or super low altitude targets are difficulty to be detected for multiple paths and shelter phenomenon, the attacking of anti-radiation missile, electromagnetism jamming and stealth targets. In order to cope with these challenges, the new concept of MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) radar is proposed, which makes multi-antenna configuration and uses space multi-channel parallel transmission. MIMO radar also brings new challenges to the domain of ECM.
Firstly, the principles of MIMO radar are presented in this paper, including the structure, classification, signal model, orthogonal waveform and signal processing system. Secondly, with MIMO radar signal processing analysis, the sequel DBF technology and mutil-target detection capability of MIMO radar are investigated. Thirdly, the MIMO radar reconnissionce and identification technology are discussed. A method of making correlation analysis based on time\space\frequency for multiple signals is proposed. Simulation results in the computer are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal. Finally, the electronic jamming methods of MIMO radar are investigated. The evaluation criterion of jamming effects is also presented.
引文
[1]赵国庆.雷达对抗原理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社. 2003.
[2] E.Fishler, A.Haimovich, R.Blum, et al. MIMO radar: an idea whose time has come. Proc 2004 IEEE Radar Conf, 2004, P71-78.
[3] L.B.White, P.S.Ray. Signal design for MIMO diversity systems. Proc 38th Asilomar Conf Signals, Syst, Comput, Vol.1, 2004, P973-977.
[4] K.W.Forsythe, D.W.Bliss, G.S.Fawcett. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar: performance issues. Proc 37th Asilomar Conf Signals, Syst, Comput,Vol.1, 2004, P310-314.
[5] Daniel R.Fuhrmann, Geoffrey San Antonio. Transmit beamforming for MIMO radar systems using partial signal correlation. Proc 37th Asilomar Conf Signals, Syst, Comput,Vol.1, 2003, P54-59.
[6] F.C.Robey, S.Coutts, D.D.Weikie, et al. MIMO radar theory and experimental results. Proc 38th Asilomar Conf Signals, Syst, Comput, Vol.1, 2004, P300-304.
[7] D.W.Bliss, K.W.Forsythe. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar and imaging: degrees of freedome and resolution. Proc 37th Asilomar Conf Signals, Syst, Comput, Vol.1, 2003, P54-59.
[8] E.Fishler, A.Haimovich, R.Blum. Performance of MIMO Radar Systems: Advantages of Angular Diversity. Conference Record of the 38th Asilomar Conference, 2004, P305-309.
[9] N.Lehmann, A.Haimovich, R.Blum. High resolution capabilities of MIMO radar. ACSSC’06. Proc 40th Asilomar Conference, 2006, P25-30.
[10] H.A.Khan, W.Q.Malik, D.J.Edwards. Ultra wideband multiple-input multi-output radar. IEEE International Radar Conference, 2005, P900-904.
[11] Liu Bo, He zishu, Zeng jiankui. Polyphase orthogonal code design for MIMO radar systems. IEEE International Radar Conference, 2006, P1-4.
[12] Liu Bo, Han Chunlin, Liu Benyong. Receiving signal processing of wideband MIMO radar based on transmitting diversity. IEEE International Radar Conference, 2006, P10-14.
[13]戴喜增,彭应宁,汤俊. MIMO雷达监测性能.清华大学学报. 2007,第147卷,第1期, P88-91.
[14] G.John, Proakis. Digital Communications. Third Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.
[15] P.M.Woodward. Probability and information theory with applications to radar.Second Edition. Pergamon Press. 1964.
[16] P.Stoica, Li jian, Yao Xie. On probing signal design for MIMO radar. IEEE Trans. SP, 2007.
[17]张贤达,保铮.通信信号处理.北京:国防工业出版社. 2002.
[18]张锡熊,陈方林.雷达抗干扰原理[M]北京:北京科学出版社. 1981.
[19] I.Bekkerman and J.Tabrikian. Spatially coded signal model for active arrays. Proc. of ICASSP-2004, Montreal, Canada, May 2004.
[20] D.J.Rabideau, P.Parker. Ubiquitous MIMO Multifunction Digital Array Radar and the Role of Time-Energy Management in Radah Mn'Lincoln Laboratory Project Report,10 MAR 2004.
[21] C.Gabriel. WiMAX:the Critical Wireless Standard,ARCchart Ltd. October 2003.
[22]毛二可,龙腾,韩月.频率步进雷达信号处理.航空学报. 2001,第22卷(增), P17-25.
[23]保铮,张庆文.一种新型的米波雷达-综合脉冲与孔径雷达.现代雷达. 1995.1,第17卷,第1期, P1-13.
[24]李兵舰,吴小强.现代雷达侦察技术特点及发展方向.舰船电子对抗. 2007.2,第30卷,第1期, P19-21.
[25]卓志敏.宽带数字侦察接收机研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文. 2006.
[26]李仙茂,罗景青,张少彬.新体制雷达对雷达侦察的影响.中国电子学会雷达分会:现代雷达面临的电子对抗威胁学术研讨会论文集. 2005.
[27]张杰.雷达干扰的若干问题[J].火力与指挥控制. 2001.12.
[2] E.Fishler, A.Haimovich, R.Blum, et al. MIMO radar: an idea whose time has come. Proc 2004 IEEE Radar Conf, 2004, P71-78.
[3] L.B.White, P.S.Ray. Signal design for MIMO diversity systems. Proc 38th Asilomar Conf Signals, Syst, Comput, Vol.1, 2004, P973-977.
[4] K.W.Forsythe, D.W.Bliss, G.S.Fawcett. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar: performance issues. Proc 37th Asilomar Conf Signals, Syst, Comput,Vol.1, 2004, P310-314.
[5] Daniel R.Fuhrmann, Geoffrey San Antonio. Transmit beamforming for MIMO radar systems using partial signal correlation. Proc 37th Asilomar Conf Signals, Syst, Comput,Vol.1, 2003, P54-59.
[6] F.C.Robey, S.Coutts, D.D.Weikie, et al. MIMO radar theory and experimental results. Proc 38th Asilomar Conf Signals, Syst, Comput, Vol.1, 2004, P300-304.
[7] D.W.Bliss, K.W.Forsythe. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar and imaging: degrees of freedome and resolution. Proc 37th Asilomar Conf Signals, Syst, Comput, Vol.1, 2003, P54-59.
[8] E.Fishler, A.Haimovich, R.Blum. Performance of MIMO Radar Systems: Advantages of Angular Diversity. Conference Record of the 38th Asilomar Conference, 2004, P305-309.
[9] N.Lehmann, A.Haimovich, R.Blum. High resolution capabilities of MIMO radar. ACSSC’06. Proc 40th Asilomar Conference, 2006, P25-30.
[10] H.A.Khan, W.Q.Malik, D.J.Edwards. Ultra wideband multiple-input multi-output radar. IEEE International Radar Conference, 2005, P900-904.
[11] Liu Bo, He zishu, Zeng jiankui. Polyphase orthogonal code design for MIMO radar systems. IEEE International Radar Conference, 2006, P1-4.
[12] Liu Bo, Han Chunlin, Liu Benyong. Receiving signal processing of wideband MIMO radar based on transmitting diversity. IEEE International Radar Conference, 2006, P10-14.
[13]戴喜增,彭应宁,汤俊. MIMO雷达监测性能.清华大学学报. 2007,第147卷,第1期, P88-91.
[14] G.John, Proakis. Digital Communications. Third Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995.
[15] P.M.Woodward. Probability and information theory with applications to radar.Second Edition. Pergamon Press. 1964.
[16] P.Stoica, Li jian, Yao Xie. On probing signal design for MIMO radar. IEEE Trans. SP, 2007.
[17]张贤达,保铮.通信信号处理.北京:国防工业出版社. 2002.
[18]张锡熊,陈方林.雷达抗干扰原理[M]北京:北京科学出版社. 1981.
[19] I.Bekkerman and J.Tabrikian. Spatially coded signal model for active arrays. Proc. of ICASSP-2004, Montreal, Canada, May 2004.
[20] D.J.Rabideau, P.Parker. Ubiquitous MIMO Multifunction Digital Array Radar and the Role of Time-Energy Management in Radah Mn'Lincoln Laboratory Project Report,10 MAR 2004.
[21] C.Gabriel. WiMAX:the Critical Wireless Standard,ARCchart Ltd. October 2003.
[22]毛二可,龙腾,韩月.频率步进雷达信号处理.航空学报. 2001,第22卷(增), P17-25.
[23]保铮,张庆文.一种新型的米波雷达-综合脉冲与孔径雷达.现代雷达. 1995.1,第17卷,第1期, P1-13.
[24]李兵舰,吴小强.现代雷达侦察技术特点及发展方向.舰船电子对抗. 2007.2,第30卷,第1期, P19-21.
[25]卓志敏.宽带数字侦察接收机研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文. 2006.
[26]李仙茂,罗景青,张少彬.新体制雷达对雷达侦察的影响.中国电子学会雷达分会:现代雷达面临的电子对抗威胁学术研讨会论文集. 2005.
[27]张杰.雷达干扰的若干问题[J].火力与指挥控制. 2001.12.