基于任务调度的飞机翼身交点孔、面精加工系统集成
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摘要
为了保证飞机机身-机翼(以下简称“翼身”)对接的互换性和协调性,在翼身对接装配前,需要进行翼身交点孔、面精加工。本文依托浙江大学承担的某项目,以飞机数字化装配及精加工系统为平台,着重对飞机翼身交点孔、面精加工系统集成的实现进行了研究与探索,应用VC++、Oracle数据库技术、数控加工技术及测量技术在机身对合、精加工集成管理系统中实现了精加工工艺管理模块的开发与集成,并对其中的关键技术问题如可加工性评价、精加工检验等进行了深入的分析和研究。结合西门子SinCOM技术、socket接口技术以及西门子PLC技术实现了与西门子SINUMERIK840D数控系统的通信及数据交互,从而将翼身交点孔、面数字化测量与评价技术以及数控加工技术有机结合,实现了翼身交点孔、面检测和精加工的工艺流程自动化。
本文第一章介绍课题的研究背景,数字化技术在飞机装配中的应用以及飞机数字化装配系统的集成技术,然后总结数控技术和测量技术在飞机翼身交点孔面精加工中的应用现状,最后给出本文的研究内容、意义和框架结构。第二章从飞机数字化装配及精加工系统工装布局和工艺流程出发,探讨了翼身交点孔、面精加工过程的实现方法。第三章探讨了翼身交点孔、面精加工软件系统集成,并针对数控加工中心及集成管理系统之间的通讯需求,开发了交点精加工辅助通讯系统实现二者之间的数据传输,并研究了各系统之间通信接口的实现方法。第四章基于任务调度的思想,将精加工划分为三大任务模块,实现精加工工艺执行过程中的数据处理与任务调度。第五章对精加工过程中机身移动平台的站位调度、机床自检与更换主轴头、设备干涉碰撞检查、人机交互界面等流程之外辅助功能的开发实现进行研究,以保证精加工工艺执行的安全性。第六章总结全文,并对下一步的工作进行展望。
In order to guarantee interchangeability and coordination accuracy of joining fuselage and wings, it is necessary to have finish machining for hole and facet on the fuselage-wing joints before joining. This paper relies on a project assumed by Zhejiang University, and mainly researches and explores the realization of system integration of finish machining of fuselage-wing joints based on the digital assembly and finish machining system for aircraft. First, the module of finishing maching management in Fuselage Joining and Finish Maching Main Control System is developed and integrated by applying VC++, Oracle data-base, NC machining and Detecting technology. Several key problems such as feasibility evaluating and digital method for checking of finished product are studied and analyzed deeply. Also, this paper realizes the communication between Main Control System and SINUMERIK840D NC System by conbining SIMENS SinCOM, socket and PLC technology. Finally, it realizes the automatic integration of finish machining by combining feasibility evaluating, finish machining for hole and facet on joints and checking of finished product.
In chapter 1, the article's background, digital and integration technology in assembly of aircraft are expounded, then application status of NC and Detecting technology are sumed up, finally the reaserch goals and meaning and the structure of paper are presented. In chapter 2, the method of realization of finish machining for hole and facet on the fuselage-wing joints is discussed according to the positions of massive devices and general assembly process of finish machining. In chapter 3, finish machining software system integration of hole and surface on the fuselage-wing joint is discussed, and Finish Maching Auxiliary Communication System is developed by analyzing the demands of communication fuction to fulfish data transfer and communicate between Finish Maching Auxiliary Communication System and Main Control System. In chapter 4, finish machining task is devided into three task modules according to task dispatcher, and data processing and task dispatcher in finish machining are realized. In chapter 5, in order to guarantee the security of finish maching, it is to be researched on motion of fuselage platform, checking of machine tool and changing head, checking of interference between devices, and human machine interface during finish maching process. Finally, in chapter 6, summary for the whole work in this dissertation is given, and the future work is discussed.
本文第一章介绍课题的研究背景,数字化技术在飞机装配中的应用以及飞机数字化装配系统的集成技术,然后总结数控技术和测量技术在飞机翼身交点孔面精加工中的应用现状,最后给出本文的研究内容、意义和框架结构。第二章从飞机数字化装配及精加工系统工装布局和工艺流程出发,探讨了翼身交点孔、面精加工过程的实现方法。第三章探讨了翼身交点孔、面精加工软件系统集成,并针对数控加工中心及集成管理系统之间的通讯需求,开发了交点精加工辅助通讯系统实现二者之间的数据传输,并研究了各系统之间通信接口的实现方法。第四章基于任务调度的思想,将精加工划分为三大任务模块,实现精加工工艺执行过程中的数据处理与任务调度。第五章对精加工过程中机身移动平台的站位调度、机床自检与更换主轴头、设备干涉碰撞检查、人机交互界面等流程之外辅助功能的开发实现进行研究,以保证精加工工艺执行的安全性。第六章总结全文,并对下一步的工作进行展望。
In order to guarantee interchangeability and coordination accuracy of joining fuselage and wings, it is necessary to have finish machining for hole and facet on the fuselage-wing joints before joining. This paper relies on a project assumed by Zhejiang University, and mainly researches and explores the realization of system integration of finish machining of fuselage-wing joints based on the digital assembly and finish machining system for aircraft. First, the module of finishing maching management in Fuselage Joining and Finish Maching Main Control System is developed and integrated by applying VC++, Oracle data-base, NC machining and Detecting technology. Several key problems such as feasibility evaluating and digital method for checking of finished product are studied and analyzed deeply. Also, this paper realizes the communication between Main Control System and SINUMERIK840D NC System by conbining SIMENS SinCOM, socket and PLC technology. Finally, it realizes the automatic integration of finish machining by combining feasibility evaluating, finish machining for hole and facet on joints and checking of finished product.
In chapter 1, the article's background, digital and integration technology in assembly of aircraft are expounded, then application status of NC and Detecting technology are sumed up, finally the reaserch goals and meaning and the structure of paper are presented. In chapter 2, the method of realization of finish machining for hole and facet on the fuselage-wing joints is discussed according to the positions of massive devices and general assembly process of finish machining. In chapter 3, finish machining software system integration of hole and surface on the fuselage-wing joint is discussed, and Finish Maching Auxiliary Communication System is developed by analyzing the demands of communication fuction to fulfish data transfer and communicate between Finish Maching Auxiliary Communication System and Main Control System. In chapter 4, finish machining task is devided into three task modules according to task dispatcher, and data processing and task dispatcher in finish machining are realized. In chapter 5, in order to guarantee the security of finish maching, it is to be researched on motion of fuselage platform, checking of machine tool and changing head, checking of interference between devices, and human machine interface during finish maching process. Finally, in chapter 6, summary for the whole work in this dissertation is given, and the future work is discussed.
引文
[1]范玉青.现代飞机制造技术[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.
[2]高红,陈允金,秦龙刚.飞机大部件结合交点精加工[J].航空制造技术,2010(23)：26-27.
[3]CORBETT J, NAING S. Feature based design for Jigless assembly[D]. Bedfordshire, UK:Cranfield University,2004.
[4]邹翼华,刘志存,范玉青.大型飞机部件数字化对接装配技术研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(7)：1368-1369.
[5]秦政琪,武大伟.基于数字化的飞机柔性装配技术研究[J].沈阳航空工业学报,2010,27(3)：19.
[6]王巍,贺平,万良辉.飞机柔性装配技术研究[J].机械设计与制造,2006(11)：89.
[7]李薇.数字化技术在飞机装配中的应用研究[J].航空制造技术,2004(8)：24-29.
[8]任晓华.JSF制造技术综述[J].航空制造技术,2002(2)：43-48.
[9]邹方,薛汉杰,周万勇,许国康.飞机数字化装配关键技术及其发展[J].航空制造技术,2006(9)：30-31.
[10]许国康,罗仲伟.美国F-35研制中虚拟企业组织管理模式的应用[J].航空制造技术,2005(10)：34-38.
[11]范玉青.飞机数字化装配技术综述——飞机制造的一次革命性变革[J].航空制造技术,2006(10)：47-48.
[12]查治中,杨彭基.数控技术在飞机制造中的应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1992,8-26.
[13]李广云.工业测量系统最新进展及应用[J].测绘工程,2001,10(2)：36-37.
[14]吴晓峰,张国雄.室内GPS测量系统及其在飞机装配中的应用[J].航空精密制造技术,2006,42(5)：1-4.
[15]王云渤,张关康,冯宗律等.飞机装配工艺学[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1990：24-27.
[16]杨雷,孙海泳.波音737尾段组件的装配和精加工技术[J].航空制造技术,2004(10)：92-95.
[17]徐克源,陈加富.飞机部件精加工台的设计特点[J].航空与航天,1992(4)：47-53,73.
[18]陆敬舜.型架双经纬仪三维测量法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1994,26(5)：628-634.
[19]谭锟.影响激光雷达测量精度的因素探讨[J].光电子技术与信息,2005(5)：11-15.
[20]吴晓峰,张国雄.室内GPS测量系统及其在飞机装配中的应用[J].航空精密制造技术,2006,42(5)：1-5.
[21]OLEXA R. Measuring the big stuff[J]. Manufacturing Engineering,2003,130(4):65-71.
[22]WEBER A. Aerospace prepares to soar again[J]. Assembly Magazine,2003,46(6):58.
[23]韩清华,郑保,郭宏利,王鸿翔.采用激光跟踪仪测量飞机外形[J].航空计测技术,2004,24(1)：15-16.
[24]Saito K, Miyoshi T. Non-contact 3-D digitizing and machining system for free-form surface[J]. Annals of CIRP,1989(40):483-486.
[25]王巍,黄宇,庄建平.激光跟踪仪在飞机装配工装制造中的应用[J].航空制造技术,2004(12)：81-82.
[26]Leica Geosystems AG. emSconV23 Reference Manual. Switzerland, October 2005.
[27]张春富,张军,许文海等.激光跟踪仪现场测量不确定度的评定[J].计量学报,2005(26)：20-22.
[28]Shao Wei, Guo Junjie, Shi Enxiu, et al. On-line Measurement of Free-Form Surfaces for Manufacturing Applications[C]. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Seoul Olympic Parktel, Seoul, Korea, July 5-8,2009:1316-1321.
[29]Hosni Yasser. Laser based system for reverse engineering[J]. Computers industrial engineering,1994,26(2):387-394.
[30]Carl Thomas S, Kurt S. Concept of an optical coordinate measurement machine[J]. SPIE, 1990,1395:816-822.
[31]程宝蕖.飞机制造协调准确度与容差分配[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1987：73-103.
[32]刘卫国.用概率法计算飞机大部件对合交点的协调准确度[J].航空工艺技术,1991(3)：12-16.
[33]程宝蕖,崔赞斌.飞机制造互换协调技术[M].国防工业出版社,1990,5.
[34]Introduction to New Products of Renishaw Co., Ltd. Renishaw新产品介绍[J].制造技术与机床,2006(9)：124-125
[35]王洪波编著.数控机床电气维修技术——SINUMERIK810D/840D系统.北京：电子工业部出版社,2007：229-230.
[36]张国雄主编.三坐标测量机[M].天津：天津大学出版社,1999：18-27.
[37]WEBER T.,Motavalli S.,Fallahi B.,et al. Unified approach to form error evaluation[J].Precision Engineering,2002,26(2):269-278.
[38]熊有伦.精密测量的数学方法[M].北京：中国计量出版社,1989：167-175.
[39]刘楚辉,李江雄,董辉跃,王青,柯映林.飞机机身-机翼接头精加工条件评价技术[J].航空学报,2010,31(6)：1273-1279.
[40]孙树栋.工业机器人技术基础[M].西安：西北工业大学出版社,2006.
[41]Lingfeng Wang, Kay Chen Tan. Modern Industrial Automation Software Design Principles and RealWorld Examples [M]. John Wiley&Sons,Inc, New York 2006.
[42]萧文龙,陈怡如编著Orcale10g数据库最佳入门.北京：机械工业出版社.2007.9
[43]孙鑫,余安萍.VC++深入详解.北京：电子工业出版社.2006.4.
[44]李现勇Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践[M].人民邮电出版社.2002.
[45]SIMENS.SINUMERIK 840D Installation and Start-Up Guide.
[46]SIMENS.SINUMERIK 840D/810D简明调试指南.
[47]杨斌.西门子SINUMERIK 840D数控系统介绍.
[48]樊留群,张为民,马玉敏,罗小东.840D数控系统的联网应用[J].机械与电子.2002
[49]SIMENS. IT Solutions for Machine Tools. [EB/OL]. http://www.ad.siemens.de/sinumerik,2001/2011-10-25.
[50]王洪波编著.数控机床电气维修技术——SINUMERIK810D/840D系统.北京：电子工业部出版社,2007：229-230.
[51]Tim Ewald.Transactional COM+Building Scalable Applications.北京：中国电力出版社.2003.9.
[2]高红,陈允金,秦龙刚.飞机大部件结合交点精加工[J].航空制造技术,2010(23)：26-27.
[3]CORBETT J, NAING S. Feature based design for Jigless assembly[D]. Bedfordshire, UK:Cranfield University,2004.
[4]邹翼华,刘志存,范玉青.大型飞机部件数字化对接装配技术研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2007,13(7)：1368-1369.
[5]秦政琪,武大伟.基于数字化的飞机柔性装配技术研究[J].沈阳航空工业学报,2010,27(3)：19.
[6]王巍,贺平,万良辉.飞机柔性装配技术研究[J].机械设计与制造,2006(11)：89.
[7]李薇.数字化技术在飞机装配中的应用研究[J].航空制造技术,2004(8)：24-29.
[8]任晓华.JSF制造技术综述[J].航空制造技术,2002(2)：43-48.
[9]邹方,薛汉杰,周万勇,许国康.飞机数字化装配关键技术及其发展[J].航空制造技术,2006(9)：30-31.
[10]许国康,罗仲伟.美国F-35研制中虚拟企业组织管理模式的应用[J].航空制造技术,2005(10)：34-38.
[11]范玉青.飞机数字化装配技术综述——飞机制造的一次革命性变革[J].航空制造技术,2006(10)：47-48.
[12]查治中,杨彭基.数控技术在飞机制造中的应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1992,8-26.
[13]李广云.工业测量系统最新进展及应用[J].测绘工程,2001,10(2)：36-37.
[14]吴晓峰,张国雄.室内GPS测量系统及其在飞机装配中的应用[J].航空精密制造技术,2006,42(5)：1-4.
[15]王云渤,张关康,冯宗律等.飞机装配工艺学[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1990：24-27.
[16]杨雷,孙海泳.波音737尾段组件的装配和精加工技术[J].航空制造技术,2004(10)：92-95.
[17]徐克源,陈加富.飞机部件精加工台的设计特点[J].航空与航天,1992(4)：47-53,73.
[18]陆敬舜.型架双经纬仪三维测量法[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1994,26(5)：628-634.
[19]谭锟.影响激光雷达测量精度的因素探讨[J].光电子技术与信息,2005(5)：11-15.
[20]吴晓峰,张国雄.室内GPS测量系统及其在飞机装配中的应用[J].航空精密制造技术,2006,42(5)：1-5.
[21]OLEXA R. Measuring the big stuff[J]. Manufacturing Engineering,2003,130(4):65-71.
[22]WEBER A. Aerospace prepares to soar again[J]. Assembly Magazine,2003,46(6):58.
[23]韩清华,郑保,郭宏利,王鸿翔.采用激光跟踪仪测量飞机外形[J].航空计测技术,2004,24(1)：15-16.
[24]Saito K, Miyoshi T. Non-contact 3-D digitizing and machining system for free-form surface[J]. Annals of CIRP,1989(40):483-486.
[25]王巍,黄宇,庄建平.激光跟踪仪在飞机装配工装制造中的应用[J].航空制造技术,2004(12)：81-82.
[26]Leica Geosystems AG. emSconV23 Reference Manual. Switzerland, October 2005.
[27]张春富,张军,许文海等.激光跟踪仪现场测量不确定度的评定[J].计量学报,2005(26)：20-22.
[28]Shao Wei, Guo Junjie, Shi Enxiu, et al. On-line Measurement of Free-Form Surfaces for Manufacturing Applications[C]. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, Seoul Olympic Parktel, Seoul, Korea, July 5-8,2009:1316-1321.
[29]Hosni Yasser. Laser based system for reverse engineering[J]. Computers industrial engineering,1994,26(2):387-394.
[30]Carl Thomas S, Kurt S. Concept of an optical coordinate measurement machine[J]. SPIE, 1990,1395:816-822.
[31]程宝蕖.飞机制造协调准确度与容差分配[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1987：73-103.
[32]刘卫国.用概率法计算飞机大部件对合交点的协调准确度[J].航空工艺技术,1991(3)：12-16.
[33]程宝蕖,崔赞斌.飞机制造互换协调技术[M].国防工业出版社,1990,5.
[34]Introduction to New Products of Renishaw Co., Ltd. Renishaw新产品介绍[J].制造技术与机床,2006(9)：124-125
[35]王洪波编著.数控机床电气维修技术——SINUMERIK810D/840D系统.北京：电子工业部出版社,2007：229-230.
[36]张国雄主编.三坐标测量机[M].天津：天津大学出版社,1999：18-27.
[37]WEBER T.,Motavalli S.,Fallahi B.,et al. Unified approach to form error evaluation[J].Precision Engineering,2002,26(2):269-278.
[38]熊有伦.精密测量的数学方法[M].北京：中国计量出版社,1989：167-175.
[39]刘楚辉,李江雄,董辉跃,王青,柯映林.飞机机身-机翼接头精加工条件评价技术[J].航空学报,2010,31(6)：1273-1279.
[40]孙树栋.工业机器人技术基础[M].西安：西北工业大学出版社,2006.
[41]Lingfeng Wang, Kay Chen Tan. Modern Industrial Automation Software Design Principles and RealWorld Examples [M]. John Wiley&Sons,Inc, New York 2006.
[42]萧文龙,陈怡如编著Orcale10g数据库最佳入门.北京：机械工业出版社.2007.9
[43]孙鑫,余安萍.VC++深入详解.北京：电子工业出版社.2006.4.
[44]李现勇Visual C++串口通信技术与工程实践[M].人民邮电出版社.2002.
[45]SIMENS.SINUMERIK 840D Installation and Start-Up Guide.
[46]SIMENS.SINUMERIK 840D/810D简明调试指南.
[47]杨斌.西门子SINUMERIK 840D数控系统介绍.
[48]樊留群,张为民,马玉敏,罗小东.840D数控系统的联网应用[J].机械与电子.2002
[49]SIMENS. IT Solutions for Machine Tools. [EB/OL]. http://www.ad.siemens.de/sinumerik,2001/2011-10-25.
[50]王洪波编著.数控机床电气维修技术——SINUMERIK810D/840D系统.北京：电子工业部出版社,2007：229-230.
[51]Tim Ewald.Transactional COM+Building Scalable Applications.北京：中国电力出版社.2003.9.