一种核信号处理电路的开发
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摘要
传统的核信号处理电路只包括主放大器、极零相消、甄别电路、成形电路等模拟电路,放大器的增益、甄别器的阈值等参数的调节需通过手动改变机械电位器阻值而实现,给操作者带来很大不便,且影响测量精度。现今,随着微控制器技术的发展,智能化已成为放射性测量仪器发展的一个主导方向,对应用核技术、国防工程与科学实验等领域将产生极其深远的影响。使各种仪器设备实现智能化的技术之一-----单片机技术已广泛应用于工业仪器仪表、军民用电器等智能化管理及过程控制等领域。用其可以构成形式多样的控制系统、数据采集系统等。单片机具有功耗低、控制功能强、扩展灵活、微型化等优点,可使受控仪器仪表数字化、智能化、微型化、功能强大。随着工业控制领域要求的提高,越来越多的的仪器设备采用单片机技术实现智能控制。
在此背景下,对核信号处理电路进行了研究,提出了三种实现核随机信号处理的方案,即分别应用单片机控制数模转换器、数字电位器和可编程放大器实现放大器增益、甄别器阈值调节功能,把三种方案各自的优势、不足做了对比,并将应用AT89S52单片机程控数字电位器X9241w实现相关参数调节的核信号处理电路制作了实物并编写了系统应用程序。电路包括单片机控制电路,单片机与PC机接口电路及核信号放大、极零相消、甄别成形电路。应用软件主要包括单片机控制部分和人机交互界面,单片机控制程序采用汇编语言编写,windows界面程序采用VC++语言开发。其中,单片机控制电路部分实现核脉冲计数、X9241w输出阻值调节,并实现与PC机通信；windows界面程序配合USB驱动程序、动态链接库及单片机端控制程序实现人机交互,存储单片机端传送来的数据。完成了硬件的焊接制作和部分系统调试。
Traditional Circuit for Nuclear Signal Processing only includes some analog circuitry such as mainamplifier,pole-zero cancellation circuit,discriminator,shaping circuit and so on.. The parameters adjusting of amplifier gain,threshold of discriminator and others need to change the resistance values of the mechanical potentiometer manually.It cause great inconvenience to the operator and affect the accuracy of measurement also. Today,with the development of micro-controller technology,intelligentize has become the leading direction of the development of radioactivity surveying instrument. It will has far-reaching impact on the application of nuclear technology and applications,defending engineering,scientific experiment and other areas. Singlechip technology,which make all kinds of equipment intelligent,has been widely used in some fields of Intelligent management and process control such as industrial instrumentation,military and civilian management and so on. It can constitute abundant forms of control system and data acquisition system etc. Singlechip has some advantages such as low power strong control function,flexible extension,miniaturization etc. It may enable controlled instrumentation digital intelligent miniaturized and powerful. With the increasing demand for industrial control field,more and more instruments and equipment useing MPU technique to achieve intelligent control.
Under this background,I design two types of digital signal processing circuit, which digital-to-analog converters or digital potentiometer are controlled by single chip to gain the function of amplifier gain and adjust threshold of discriminator. This paper mainly introduces the Digital Circuit for Nuclear Signal Processing which using AT89S52 single chip program-control digital potentiometer X9241w adjust related parameters.And I write system applications also. Circuit include the interface between MCU and PC,circuit controlled by singlechip,the nuclear signal amplification circuit,pole-zero cancellation circuit,discriminator and shaping circuit. Among them,amplifier gain and threshold of discriminator.can be change with the different output of Single Chip program-control digital potentiometer.Single Chip and PC-communication via USB interface. Application include single chip control system and human-machine user interface.And this Application is based on a computer with a USB interface in the Microsoft windows system using C language development. Finally, the hardware welding and system testing completed. The system amplifie the Nuclear Radiation Pulse from the preamplifier,discriminate and shape its, then get out TTL signals to RAM of AT89S52.
This system reaches the miniaturization, high precision, easy operation, stable operation and low cost.
在此背景下,对核信号处理电路进行了研究,提出了三种实现核随机信号处理的方案,即分别应用单片机控制数模转换器、数字电位器和可编程放大器实现放大器增益、甄别器阈值调节功能,把三种方案各自的优势、不足做了对比,并将应用AT89S52单片机程控数字电位器X9241w实现相关参数调节的核信号处理电路制作了实物并编写了系统应用程序。电路包括单片机控制电路,单片机与PC机接口电路及核信号放大、极零相消、甄别成形电路。应用软件主要包括单片机控制部分和人机交互界面,单片机控制程序采用汇编语言编写,windows界面程序采用VC++语言开发。其中,单片机控制电路部分实现核脉冲计数、X9241w输出阻值调节,并实现与PC机通信；windows界面程序配合USB驱动程序、动态链接库及单片机端控制程序实现人机交互,存储单片机端传送来的数据。完成了硬件的焊接制作和部分系统调试。
Traditional Circuit for Nuclear Signal Processing only includes some analog circuitry such as mainamplifier,pole-zero cancellation circuit,discriminator,shaping circuit and so on.. The parameters adjusting of amplifier gain,threshold of discriminator and others need to change the resistance values of the mechanical potentiometer manually.It cause great inconvenience to the operator and affect the accuracy of measurement also. Today,with the development of micro-controller technology,intelligentize has become the leading direction of the development of radioactivity surveying instrument. It will has far-reaching impact on the application of nuclear technology and applications,defending engineering,scientific experiment and other areas. Singlechip technology,which make all kinds of equipment intelligent,has been widely used in some fields of Intelligent management and process control such as industrial instrumentation,military and civilian management and so on. It can constitute abundant forms of control system and data acquisition system etc. Singlechip has some advantages such as low power strong control function,flexible extension,miniaturization etc. It may enable controlled instrumentation digital intelligent miniaturized and powerful. With the increasing demand for industrial control field,more and more instruments and equipment useing MPU technique to achieve intelligent control.
Under this background,I design two types of digital signal processing circuit, which digital-to-analog converters or digital potentiometer are controlled by single chip to gain the function of amplifier gain and adjust threshold of discriminator. This paper mainly introduces the Digital Circuit for Nuclear Signal Processing which using AT89S52 single chip program-control digital potentiometer X9241w adjust related parameters.And I write system applications also. Circuit include the interface between MCU and PC,circuit controlled by singlechip,the nuclear signal amplification circuit,pole-zero cancellation circuit,discriminator and shaping circuit. Among them,amplifier gain and threshold of discriminator.can be change with the different output of Single Chip program-control digital potentiometer.Single Chip and PC-communication via USB interface. Application include single chip control system and human-machine user interface.And this Application is based on a computer with a USB interface in the Microsoft windows system using C language development. Finally, the hardware welding and system testing completed. The system amplifie the Nuclear Radiation Pulse from the preamplifier,discriminate and shape its, then get out TTL signals to RAM of AT89S52.
This system reaches the miniaturization, high precision, easy operation, stable operation and low cost.
引文
[1]王经瑾,范天民,钱永康.核电子学(下册)[M].北京：原子能出版社,1985：1-20.
[2]丁大钊,叶春堂,赵志祥,等.中子物理学[M].北京：原子能出版社,2005.
[3]周蓉生等.核方法原理及应用[M].北京：地质出版社,1994.
[4]屈建石,王晶宇.多道脉冲分析原理[M].北京：原子能出版社,1981.
[5]周志成.核电子学基础[M].北京：原子能出版社,1980.
[6]吴治华,赵国庆等.原子核物理实验方法[M].北京：原子能出版社,1997.
[7]吴永鹏.智能多道谱仪的研制[D].成都：成都理工大学,2004.
[8]赵修良.微机化多时空通道中子通量密度数据采集技术开发与研究[D].北京：中国原子能科学研究院,2005.
[9]张软玉.数字化核能谱获取系统的研究[D].四川大学原子核科学技术研究所.2006.
[10]吴永鹏.智能多道谱仪的研制[D].成都理工大学.2004.
[11]求是科技.单片机典型外围器件及应用实例[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006.
[12]Xicor Inc. Interfacing the X9241 XDCPs to 8051 Microcontrollers [Z]. California, USA:Applications Staff,2000.
[13]苏世栋.基于X9241数字电位器的可控增益放大器实现[J].运城学院学报,2007,25(5)：29-30.
[14]佚名.基于CH371的实用USB接口设计.理工论文.2007.
[15]DENG Xuewei, MENG Xiang, JIANG Yongsen. Digital Potentiometer and its Application to Intelligent Instruments[J]. Control And Instruments In Chemical Industry,1999,26(4):41-43. (in Chinese)
[16]葛惠民,陈基伟.高分辨率数字电位器的软件实现[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2009年第七期：19-21.
[17]伍乾永,陈彬.基于单片机的可控增益放大器设计.内江科技,2008(4)：101-102.
[18]董成福.一种新型的放大甄别成形混合电路.中科院近代物理研究所.2010.
[19]逢玉台,王建华.X9241原理及应用[J].现代电子技术,2006年第22期：138-140.
[20]林伟.数字电位器在变频调速控制技术中的应用.武汉理工大学自动化学院电气技 术研究所.2007.
[21]罗璋琳,史永谦.加速器驱动放射性洁净核能系统概念研究论文集[D].北京：原子能出版社,2000.
[22]丁大钊,傅世年.加速器驱动放射性洁净核能系统[J].现代物理知识,2001,13(1)：20-25.
[23]WANG Cheng-liang; YANG Bo; YANG Guang. Control Method of Digital Potentiometer Based on USB. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation. 2009(10):
[24]Frank H. Ruddy; John G. Seidel; Fausto Franceschini. The High-Energy Neutron Response of Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Neutron Detectors. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society,2007, Vol.96.
[25]Particle identification with time-of-flight and pulse-shape discrimination inneutron-transmutation-doped silicon detectors.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment,2009,vol.608.
[26]Despeisse, M.; Jarron, P. Low-Power Amplifier-Discriminators for High Time Resolution Detection。Nuclear Science。2009, Volume:56, Issue:2 Page(s):375-381。
[27]Fischer, P.; Peric, I. Fast Self Triggered Multi Channel Readout ASIC for Time-and Energy Measurement Nuclear Science。2009, Volume:56, Issue: 3, Part:2, Page(s):1153-1158
[28]Kataoka, J.; Matsuda, H. Versatile APD-based PET modules for high resolution, fast medical imaging。Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC),2009 IEEE, Page(s):3542-3545
[29]Analog Device,Inc.AD9224 Data Sheet,1999
[30]Using TI FIFOs to Interface High-Speed Data Converters With TI TMS320TM DSPs. SDMA003-June 2001
[31]L. Pinot, R. Sellem etc. A Compact Data Acquisition System for TOHR Multidetectors:Time Encoding for Both Time and Energy Measurements, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. VOL.50. NO.2. APRIL 2003.
[32]Rodrigues, A etc. A high performance real-time plasma control and event detection DSP based VME system. Fusion Engineering and Design. Page 435-441. June.2002
[33]王铁流,吴丹丹,李成.基于单片机USB接口的数据采集存储电路的设计[OL].北京：工业大学电子信息与控制工程学院.2010.
[2]丁大钊,叶春堂,赵志祥,等.中子物理学[M].北京：原子能出版社,2005.
[3]周蓉生等.核方法原理及应用[M].北京：地质出版社,1994.
[4]屈建石,王晶宇.多道脉冲分析原理[M].北京：原子能出版社,1981.
[5]周志成.核电子学基础[M].北京：原子能出版社,1980.
[6]吴治华,赵国庆等.原子核物理实验方法[M].北京：原子能出版社,1997.
[7]吴永鹏.智能多道谱仪的研制[D].成都：成都理工大学,2004.
[8]赵修良.微机化多时空通道中子通量密度数据采集技术开发与研究[D].北京：中国原子能科学研究院,2005.
[9]张软玉.数字化核能谱获取系统的研究[D].四川大学原子核科学技术研究所.2006.
[10]吴永鹏.智能多道谱仪的研制[D].成都理工大学.2004.
[11]求是科技.单片机典型外围器件及应用实例[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2006.
[12]Xicor Inc. Interfacing the X9241 XDCPs to 8051 Microcontrollers [Z]. California, USA:Applications Staff,2000.
[13]苏世栋.基于X9241数字电位器的可控增益放大器实现[J].运城学院学报,2007,25(5)：29-30.
[14]佚名.基于CH371的实用USB接口设计.理工论文.2007.
[15]DENG Xuewei, MENG Xiang, JIANG Yongsen. Digital Potentiometer and its Application to Intelligent Instruments[J]. Control And Instruments In Chemical Industry,1999,26(4):41-43. (in Chinese)
[16]葛惠民,陈基伟.高分辨率数字电位器的软件实现[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2009年第七期：19-21.
[17]伍乾永,陈彬.基于单片机的可控增益放大器设计.内江科技,2008(4)：101-102.
[18]董成福.一种新型的放大甄别成形混合电路.中科院近代物理研究所.2010.
[19]逢玉台,王建华.X9241原理及应用[J].现代电子技术,2006年第22期：138-140.
[20]林伟.数字电位器在变频调速控制技术中的应用.武汉理工大学自动化学院电气技 术研究所.2007.
[21]罗璋琳,史永谦.加速器驱动放射性洁净核能系统概念研究论文集[D].北京：原子能出版社,2000.
[22]丁大钊,傅世年.加速器驱动放射性洁净核能系统[J].现代物理知识,2001,13(1)：20-25.
[23]WANG Cheng-liang; YANG Bo; YANG Guang. Control Method of Digital Potentiometer Based on USB. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation. 2009(10):
[24]Frank H. Ruddy; John G. Seidel; Fausto Franceschini. The High-Energy Neutron Response of Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Neutron Detectors. Transactions of the American Nuclear Society,2007, Vol.96.
[25]Particle identification with time-of-flight and pulse-shape discrimination inneutron-transmutation-doped silicon detectors.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment,2009,vol.608.
[26]Despeisse, M.; Jarron, P. Low-Power Amplifier-Discriminators for High Time Resolution Detection。Nuclear Science。2009, Volume:56, Issue:2 Page(s):375-381。
[27]Fischer, P.; Peric, I. Fast Self Triggered Multi Channel Readout ASIC for Time-and Energy Measurement Nuclear Science。2009, Volume:56, Issue: 3, Part:2, Page(s):1153-1158
[28]Kataoka, J.; Matsuda, H. Versatile APD-based PET modules for high resolution, fast medical imaging。Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC),2009 IEEE, Page(s):3542-3545
[29]Analog Device,Inc.AD9224 Data Sheet,1999
[30]Using TI FIFOs to Interface High-Speed Data Converters With TI TMS320TM DSPs. SDMA003-June 2001
[31]L. Pinot, R. Sellem etc. A Compact Data Acquisition System for TOHR Multidetectors:Time Encoding for Both Time and Energy Measurements, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. VOL.50. NO.2. APRIL 2003.
[32]Rodrigues, A etc. A high performance real-time plasma control and event detection DSP based VME system. Fusion Engineering and Design. Page 435-441. June.2002
[33]王铁流,吴丹丹,李成.基于单片机USB接口的数据采集存储电路的设计[OL].北京：工业大学电子信息与控制工程学院.2010.