基于FPGA和USB的数字化多道脉冲幅度分析器的研制
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摘要
多道脉冲幅度分析器(简称MCA)是X、γ射线能谱分析仪的最重要部件。它的主要作用是将核辐射探测器输出一串脉冲信号的幅度转换成数字量,通过数据处理获得X、γ射线的能谱数据,为能谱分析应用提供有力支持。随着A/D转换器和专用集成电路的快速发展,数字化的多道脉冲幅度分析器(DMCA)已逐步替代了传统的模拟MCA。采用高性能器件设计的数字化MCA有许多优势,它能提高测量速度,降低成本、功耗和体积,并容易拓展新功能等。
本课题以Actel公司的FPGA芯片A3P1500为开发平台来实现MCA的数字化设计。外部采用高速A/D转换器LTC2248I对核脉冲信号进行持续采样,采样周期为25MHz。在FPGA中运用Verilog HDL语言设计均衡器、梯形滤波器、基线恢复器、堆积排除、峰值检测、数据存储和传输等功能模块对核脉冲采样信号进行处理。USB接口设计采用FT245BL芯片,实现外部设备和DMCA之间的数据快速传输。采用DC到DC电源转换电路,将USB总线提供的5V电源变换成低噪声的1.5V,3.3V及3.3VA等系统所需电源,解决了系统供电问题。测试结果表明,该DMCA能够满足X荧光分析仪和γ能谱分析仪的技术指标要求。
Multi-channel pulse height analyzer (MCA) is the primary part for X and gamma ray energy spectrum analysis technology. It can digital the pulse signal of nuclear detector output. So that we can get the pulse-height spectra of the X and gamma ray, i.e. the pulse counting distribution of each channel for the different height pulse. It can strongly support the spectrum analysis technology at lots of fields. As the developing of A/D converter and ASIC, the traditional analog MCA has been replaced gradually by digital MCA. Designing with the advanced chips, it can enhance strongly the performance of DMCA, such as improving data processing rate, reducing material costs, PCB volume and dissipation power, and easy to modify or add new function, etc.
This thesis describes a solution of DMCA design based on A3P1500 control development platform of Actel ProASIC3 Flash FPGA. With high-speed A/D converter LTC2248I, DMCA system can sampling the pulse signal of unclear detector output continuously, the sample cycle is 25MHz. By using Verilog HDL language, all of data processing function modules, such as equalizer filter, trapezoidal filter, baseline restorer, pulse pileup rejection, peak value hold, data storage and communication etc, had been realized in one FPGA chip to process the digital sampling signal of nuclear analogy pulse. The IC of FT245BL was applied to the interface of USB communication, it supply higher speed data transfer between the external devices and DMCA system. The interface of USB can supply 5V power with the maximal 500mA current. Via DC to DC circuits, high noise 5V power can be switched to low noise and stable power supply, such as 1.5V,3.3V and 3.4V, which needed by this system. This DMCA module will be used to X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and gamma-ray spectrometric analyzer.
本课题以Actel公司的FPGA芯片A3P1500为开发平台来实现MCA的数字化设计。外部采用高速A/D转换器LTC2248I对核脉冲信号进行持续采样,采样周期为25MHz。在FPGA中运用Verilog HDL语言设计均衡器、梯形滤波器、基线恢复器、堆积排除、峰值检测、数据存储和传输等功能模块对核脉冲采样信号进行处理。USB接口设计采用FT245BL芯片,实现外部设备和DMCA之间的数据快速传输。采用DC到DC电源转换电路,将USB总线提供的5V电源变换成低噪声的1.5V,3.3V及3.3VA等系统所需电源,解决了系统供电问题。测试结果表明,该DMCA能够满足X荧光分析仪和γ能谱分析仪的技术指标要求。
Multi-channel pulse height analyzer (MCA) is the primary part for X and gamma ray energy spectrum analysis technology. It can digital the pulse signal of nuclear detector output. So that we can get the pulse-height spectra of the X and gamma ray, i.e. the pulse counting distribution of each channel for the different height pulse. It can strongly support the spectrum analysis technology at lots of fields. As the developing of A/D converter and ASIC, the traditional analog MCA has been replaced gradually by digital MCA. Designing with the advanced chips, it can enhance strongly the performance of DMCA, such as improving data processing rate, reducing material costs, PCB volume and dissipation power, and easy to modify or add new function, etc.
This thesis describes a solution of DMCA design based on A3P1500 control development platform of Actel ProASIC3 Flash FPGA. With high-speed A/D converter LTC2248I, DMCA system can sampling the pulse signal of unclear detector output continuously, the sample cycle is 25MHz. By using Verilog HDL language, all of data processing function modules, such as equalizer filter, trapezoidal filter, baseline restorer, pulse pileup rejection, peak value hold, data storage and communication etc, had been realized in one FPGA chip to process the digital sampling signal of nuclear analogy pulse. The IC of FT245BL was applied to the interface of USB communication, it supply higher speed data transfer between the external devices and DMCA system. The interface of USB can supply 5V power with the maximal 500mA current. Via DC to DC circuits, high noise 5V power can be switched to low noise and stable power supply, such as 1.5V,3.3V and 3.4V, which needed by this system. This DMCA module will be used to X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and gamma-ray spectrometric analyzer.
引文
[1]郑碧华,陈劲民,熊正烨.γ能谱测量及其应用[J].中山大学学报,2005,44(增刊)：158-160.
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[3]彭友花FPGA技术在多道脉冲幅度分析仪中的应用研究[D].成都：成都理工大学,2003.
[4]王彦.基于FPGA的多道脉冲幅度分析器的研制[D].衡阳：南华大学,2004.
5] ANSI N42.38-2006, American National Standard Performance Criteria for Spectroscopy-Based Portal Monitors Used for Homeland Security.
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[8]毛从光,郭晓强,周辉,谢彦召.高空核电磁脉冲模拟波形的双指数函数拟合法[J].强激光与粒子束,2004,16(3)：336-340.
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10] Valentin T. Jordanov, Glenn F. Knoll. Digital synthesis of pulse shapes in real time for high resolution radiation spectroscopy. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 345 (1994):337-345.
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15] ACTEL ProASIC3 Flash Family FPGAs DATASHEET. http://www.actel.com/intl/china/products/
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[19]谢淑如等Protel PCB 99SE电路板设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[20]王及力Protel 99SE原理图与PCB设计教程[M].北京：人民邮电出版,2004.
[21]罗玉平,陈海涛等.基于FPGA的USB2.0控制器设计[J].电子技术应用,2002,28(12)：21-22.
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[23]何宁,熊剑平,蒋昌龙等.基于FPGA的实时持续数据记录系统设计[J].微电子学与计算机,2003,(1)：11-14.
[24]单长虹,孟宪元.基于FPGA的全数字锁相环路的设计[J].通讯与电视,2001,(9)：44-47.
[25]胡振华VHDL与FPGA设计[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2003.
[26]张贤达.现代信号处理(第二版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[27]毕占坤,吴伶锡.FIR数字滤波器分布式算法的原理及FPGA实现[J].电子技术应用,2004,30(7)：17-19.
[28]ORTEC Multichannel Analyzers (MCA) Products http://www.ortec-online.com/electronics/mca/mca.htm
[29]李娜,孟令军.用FT245 BM实现FPGA与PC机的数据无缝传输[J].重庆工学院学报,2009,23(5)：24-26.
[30]肖无云,魏义祥,艾宪芸.数字化多道脉冲幅度分析中的梯形成形算法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,45(6)：14-15.
[31]张软玉,陈世国,罗小兵,王鹏,李泰华.数字化核能谱获取中信号处理方法的研究[J].原子能科学技术,2004,38(3)：32-36.
[32]DGF-4CUser'sManual,V3.08,March2007.Pagesl8-25.http://www.xia.com/DGF-4C_Downlo ad.html
[33]卢希庭,江栋兴,叶治林。原子核物理学[M]。北京：原子能出版社,2000.
[34]吉昂,陶光仪等著.X射线荧光光谱分析[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[2]习赵国庆,任炽刚.核分析技术[M].北京：原子能出版社,1989.
[3]彭友花FPGA技术在多道脉冲幅度分析仪中的应用研究[D].成都：成都理工大学,2003.
[4]王彦.基于FPGA的多道脉冲幅度分析器的研制[D].衡阳：南华大学,2004.
5] ANSI N42.38-2006, American National Standard Performance Criteria for Spectroscopy-Based Portal Monitors Used for Homeland Security.
6] ANSI N42.48-2008, American National Standard Performance Requirements for Spectroscopic Personal Radiation Detectors (SPRDs) for Homeland Security.
7] ANSI N42.34-2006, American National Standard Performance Criteria for Hand-Held Instruments for the Detection and Identification of Radionuclides.
[8]毛从光,郭晓强,周辉,谢彦召.高空核电磁脉冲模拟波形的双指数函数拟合法[J].强激光与粒子束,2004,16(3)：336-340.
[9]陈世国,吉世印,刘万松,基于小波分析的指数衰减信号高斯脉冲成形[J].物理学报.2008.57(5).
10] Valentin T. Jordanov, Glenn F. Knoll. Digital synthesis of pulse shapes in real time for high resolution radiation spectroscopy. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 345 (1994):337-345.
11]曹利国.能量色散X射线荧光发法[M].成都：成都科技大学出版社,1998.
12]吴建平.智能型携带式X射线荧光仪[J].地学仪器,1995,4(1)：26-27.
13]赖万昌.新一代高灵敏度手提式x荧光分析仪的研制[J].物探与化探,2002,26(4)：57-59.
14]张家骅.放射性同位素X荧光分析[M].北京：北京原子能出版社,1984.
15] ACTEL ProASIC3 Flash Family FPGAs DATASHEET. http://www.actel.com/intl/china/products/
16] ACTEL Libero IDE V8.3 WEB Edition http://www.actel.com/download/software/libero/files.aspx
17]林灶生Verilog FPGA芯片设计[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2006.
18]杜慧敏,李宥谋,赵全良.基于Verilog的FPGA设计基础[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2006.
[19]谢淑如等Protel PCB 99SE电路板设计[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2001.
[20]王及力Protel 99SE原理图与PCB设计教程[M].北京：人民邮电出版,2004.
[21]罗玉平,陈海涛等.基于FPGA的USB2.0控制器设计[J].电子技术应用,2002,28(12)：21-22.
[22]任晓东,文博CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
[23]何宁,熊剑平,蒋昌龙等.基于FPGA的实时持续数据记录系统设计[J].微电子学与计算机,2003,(1)：11-14.
[24]单长虹,孟宪元.基于FPGA的全数字锁相环路的设计[J].通讯与电视,2001,(9)：44-47.
[25]胡振华VHDL与FPGA设计[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2003.
[26]张贤达.现代信号处理(第二版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
[27]毕占坤,吴伶锡.FIR数字滤波器分布式算法的原理及FPGA实现[J].电子技术应用,2004,30(7)：17-19.
[28]ORTEC Multichannel Analyzers (MCA) Products http://www.ortec-online.com/electronics/mca/mca.htm
[29]李娜,孟令军.用FT245 BM实现FPGA与PC机的数据无缝传输[J].重庆工学院学报,2009,23(5)：24-26.
[30]肖无云,魏义祥,艾宪芸.数字化多道脉冲幅度分析中的梯形成形算法[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,45(6)：14-15.
[31]张软玉,陈世国,罗小兵,王鹏,李泰华.数字化核能谱获取中信号处理方法的研究[J].原子能科学技术,2004,38(3)：32-36.
[32]DGF-4CUser'sManual,V3.08,March2007.Pagesl8-25.http://www.xia.com/DGF-4C_Downlo ad.html
[33]卢希庭,江栋兴,叶治林。原子核物理学[M]。北京：原子能出版社,2000.
[34]吉昂,陶光仪等著.X射线荧光光谱分析[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.