基于DSP的核信号波形数字化获取与处理系统设计
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摘要
传统的核测量系统主要由模拟电路组成，功能比较单一，用于射线能量测量的系统很难甚至不能用于时间的测量，也难用于粒子的鉴别，反之亦然。而核辐射信号往往既包含有射线能量信息，也含有射线种类、时间等相关信息。随着现代超大规模集成技术、数字电子技术的发展，采用高速AD和功能强大的DSP芯片，再配合高效的算法软件构成的新型核信息获取系统，不仅可以完成对信号幅度的分析，还可以完成核信号时间特征分析、波形识别、信号分选甄选等。这是目前核信息获取与处理领域的主要研究方向。
本论文基于DSP数字信号处理技术、高速AD采样技术、计算机接口技术等，研制成功了具有较高实用价值的核辐射信号波形获取与处理系统。
采用40MHz、12位的高速低功耗AD芯片进行采样，对于us级上升时间和脉宽在10us内的核辐射信号，具有较好的采样结果，满足一般核辐射信号的采样要求。
采用带PCI接口的DSP芯片TMS320C6205作为数字信号处理的核心，DSP与PC机之间采用PCI总线数据传输，其传输速率快，实现简单。使波形采集卡的集成度得到了提高，系统的稳定性得到了增强。
在TMS320C6000 C／C++平台上用高级语言C语言开发成功了DSP程序，包括采样控制程序、中断程序和配置文件等，代码可读性好，生成可执行代码的执行效率高。同时DSP程序通过PCI接口从主机上加载，有利于实现DSP程序的在线修改和升级。
采用WinDriver开发工具开发出了PCI设备驱动程序，将对底层硬件的操作封装成标准APP函数，用户只需调用这些APP函数即可实现对硬件设备的访
The traditional nuclear measurement system with fewer functions is mainly composed of analog circuits. The system measuring radiation energy is difficult or unable to measure time and identify particles, vice versa. However, the nuclear radiation signal usually includes not only radiation energy information, but also the correlative information of radiation category, time and the like. With the development of modern super-large scale integration technology and the digital electronics technology, the new type acquisition system for nuclear information with high sampling speed AD, strong function DSP chip and high efficient arithmetic software can not only analyze nuclear signal extent, but also analyze the time characteristic of the nuclear signal, identify shape, sort and discriminate signal. This is the main research trend of the nuclear information acquisition and processing field.
On the basis of the technologies of DSP digital signal processing, high speed AD sampling, PC interface and so on, the acquisition and processing system for nuclear radiative signal shape which has better application value is designed successfully in this paper.
The AD chip which has 40MHz sampling frequency, 12 bit precision, high speed and low cost samples well the nuclear radiative signal whose rising time is about 1us and pulse width is less than 10us. The AD chip meets the sampling requirement of general nuclear radiative signal.
The DSP chip TMS320C6205 provided with PCI interface is the core of the
本论文基于DSP数字信号处理技术、高速AD采样技术、计算机接口技术等，研制成功了具有较高实用价值的核辐射信号波形获取与处理系统。
采用40MHz、12位的高速低功耗AD芯片进行采样，对于us级上升时间和脉宽在10us内的核辐射信号，具有较好的采样结果，满足一般核辐射信号的采样要求。
采用带PCI接口的DSP芯片TMS320C6205作为数字信号处理的核心，DSP与PC机之间采用PCI总线数据传输，其传输速率快，实现简单。使波形采集卡的集成度得到了提高，系统的稳定性得到了增强。
在TMS320C6000 C／C++平台上用高级语言C语言开发成功了DSP程序，包括采样控制程序、中断程序和配置文件等，代码可读性好，生成可执行代码的执行效率高。同时DSP程序通过PCI接口从主机上加载，有利于实现DSP程序的在线修改和升级。
采用WinDriver开发工具开发出了PCI设备驱动程序，将对底层硬件的操作封装成标准APP函数，用户只需调用这些APP函数即可实现对硬件设备的访
The traditional nuclear measurement system with fewer functions is mainly composed of analog circuits. The system measuring radiation energy is difficult or unable to measure time and identify particles, vice versa. However, the nuclear radiation signal usually includes not only radiation energy information, but also the correlative information of radiation category, time and the like. With the development of modern super-large scale integration technology and the digital electronics technology, the new type acquisition system for nuclear information with high sampling speed AD, strong function DSP chip and high efficient arithmetic software can not only analyze nuclear signal extent, but also analyze the time characteristic of the nuclear signal, identify shape, sort and discriminate signal. This is the main research trend of the nuclear information acquisition and processing field.
On the basis of the technologies of DSP digital signal processing, high speed AD sampling, PC interface and so on, the acquisition and processing system for nuclear radiative signal shape which has better application value is designed successfully in this paper.
The AD chip which has 40MHz sampling frequency, 12 bit precision, high speed and low cost samples well the nuclear radiative signal whose rising time is about 1us and pulse width is less than 10us. The AD chip meets the sampling requirement of general nuclear radiative signal.
The DSP chip TMS320C6205 provided with PCI interface is the core of the
引文
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[2] L. Pinot, R. Sellem etc. A Compact Data Acquisition System for TOHR Multidetectors: Time Encoding for Both Time and Energy Measurements, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. VOL. 50, NO. 2. APRIL 2003.
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[4] 吴治华，赵国庆等．原子核物理实验方法．北京原子能出版社，1997
[5] 周志成．核电子学基础．原子能出版社，1980
[6] 屈建石，王晶宇．多道脉冲分析原理．原子能出版社，1981
[7] 周蓉生等．核方法原理及应用．地质出版社，1994
[8] [美]格伦F诺尔．辐射探测与测量．李旭等译．原子能出版社，1988
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[10] 王成来，姜婷．核辐射探测器性能测试系统．石油仪器．2003
[11] 李芳慧．TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用．北京电子工业出版社，2003
[12] 赵训威，基于TMS320C6200系列DSP芯片的应用与开发．人民邮电出版社，2005
[13] 李真芳，苏淘等．DSP程序开发．西安电子科技大学出版社．2003
[14] 彭启踪，管庆．DSP集成开发环境—CCS及DSP／BIOS的原理与应用．电子工业出版社，2004
[15] 苏涛等．DSP接口电路设计与编程．西安电子科技大学出版社，2003
[16] 欧光军等．DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南．北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[17] 郝文化等，Protel原理图与PCB设计，机械工业出版社，2004
[18] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6205 Digital Signal Processor Data Sheet. http://www.ti.com
[19] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Programmer's Guide, 2001
[20] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Optimizing C Compiler User's Guide, 2001
[21] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide
[22] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide, 2001
[23] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 EMIF To External Asynchronous SRAM Interface
[24] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 DSP/BIOS Application Programming Interface (API) Reference Guide
[25] Texas Instruments. TMS320 DSP/BIOS User's Guide
[26] Texas Instruments. DSP/BIOS by Degrees Using DSP/BIOS Features in an Existing Application.
[27] Texas Instruments. TMS320C62x DSP Library Programmer's Reference
[28] Texas Instruments. SN74V245 Data Sheet, 1999
[29] Atmel Inc. AT93C46 Data Sheet, http://www.atmel.com
[30] ICS Inc. ICS502 Data Sheet, 1998
[31] National Semiconductor Corporation. LM397 Data Sheet, 2001
[32] Xicor Inc. X9313 Data Sheet, 1994
[33] Analog Device, Inc. AD9224 Data Sheet, 1999
[34] Using TI FIFOs to Interface High-Speed Data Converters With TI TMS320~(TM) DSPs. SDMA003-June 2001
[35] Carlos M. B. A. Correia. Pulse processing architectures. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 422(1999)405-410
[36] Chris Cant著，孙义等译．Windows WDM设备驱动程序开发指南．机械工程出版社，2000
[37] 武安河，邰铭，于洪涛．Windows 2000／XP WDM设备驱动程序开发．电子工业出版社，2003
[38] Jungo Ltd. WinDriver v7.01 User's Guide
[39] 驱动开发网．http://www.driverdevelop.com
[40] 梁维．Visual C++6.0编程实用教程．中国水利水电出版社，1999
[41] 王腾蛟，刘云峰，汤晋立．新概念Visual C++6.0教程．北京科海集团公司，2001
[42] 蔡跃荣，陈满，杨朝文．基于DSP的核信号波形数字化获取与处理系统设计．核电子学与探测技术．2006
[43] 陈满，蔡跃荣，杨朝文．闪烁探测器信号波形识别的人工神经网络实现．核电子学与探测技术．2006
[44] 刘国华，王宏波，付强，杨朝文．基于DSP的核探测信号波形采集卡的研制．四川大学学报，2005
[45] 付强，王宏波，刘国华，杨朝文．基于DSP的新型核数据采集与分析系统软件设计．现代计算机，2005
[46] 王宏波，刘国华，付强，杨朝文．数字化核能谱测量中能量分辨率影响因素的研究．四川大学学报，2005
[47] 唐玲，路阳等．基于PCI总线的驱动程序设计．微计算机信息．2004，20(6)
[48] 黄讯，孙政顺．利用Windriver开发设备驱动程序．电子技术应用．2001，3
[49] 李静，赵保军．激光成像系统PCI驱动程序开发．现代电子技术．2005，12
[50] 陈艳，陈伟．CAN总线PCI接口卡及驱动程序设计．工业控制计算机．2005，2
[51] 阮鹏，张峥．基于DSP和PCI总线的通信数据采集系统．电子技术应用．2005，5
[52] 黄斌等．基于TMS320C6202B的100M超高速数据采集系统．仪器仪表．2004，5
[53] 谢前进．基于PCI总线的超高速数据采集系统的设计与实现．计算机测量与控制．2002，10(9)
[54] 陈光日等．基于DSP+PCI结构的高速数据采集系统．雷达与对抗．2002，4
[2] L. Pinot, R. Sellem etc. A Compact Data Acquisition System for TOHR Multidetectors: Time Encoding for Both Time and Energy Measurements, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. VOL. 50, NO. 2. APRIL 2003.
[3] Rodrigues, A etc. A high performance real-time plasma control and event detection DSP based VME system. Fusion Engineering and Design. Page 435-441. June. 2002
[4] 吴治华，赵国庆等．原子核物理实验方法．北京原子能出版社，1997
[5] 周志成．核电子学基础．原子能出版社，1980
[6] 屈建石，王晶宇．多道脉冲分析原理．原子能出版社，1981
[7] 周蓉生等．核方法原理及应用．地质出版社，1994
[8] [美]格伦F诺尔．辐射探测与测量．李旭等译．原子能出版社，1988
[9] 盛锦华．核辐射剂量场实时成像测量系统的研究．电子学报，1999．12
[10] 王成来，姜婷．核辐射探测器性能测试系统．石油仪器．2003
[11] 李芳慧．TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用．北京电子工业出版社，2003
[12] 赵训威，基于TMS320C6200系列DSP芯片的应用与开发．人民邮电出版社，2005
[13] 李真芳，苏淘等．DSP程序开发．西安电子科技大学出版社．2003
[14] 彭启踪，管庆．DSP集成开发环境—CCS及DSP／BIOS的原理与应用．电子工业出版社，2004
[15] 苏涛等．DSP接口电路设计与编程．西安电子科技大学出版社，2003
[16] 欧光军等．DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南．北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[17] 郝文化等，Protel原理图与PCB设计，机械工业出版社，2004
[18] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6205 Digital Signal Processor Data Sheet. http://www.ti.com
[19] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Programmer's Guide, 2001
[20] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Optimizing C Compiler User's Guide, 2001
[21] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide
[22] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide, 2001
[23] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 EMIF To External Asynchronous SRAM Interface
[24] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 DSP/BIOS Application Programming Interface (API) Reference Guide
[25] Texas Instruments. TMS320 DSP/BIOS User's Guide
[26] Texas Instruments. DSP/BIOS by Degrees Using DSP/BIOS Features in an Existing Application.
[27] Texas Instruments. TMS320C62x DSP Library Programmer's Reference
[28] Texas Instruments. SN74V245 Data Sheet, 1999
[29] Atmel Inc. AT93C46 Data Sheet, http://www.atmel.com
[30] ICS Inc. ICS502 Data Sheet, 1998
[31] National Semiconductor Corporation. LM397 Data Sheet, 2001
[32] Xicor Inc. X9313 Data Sheet, 1994
[33] Analog Device, Inc. AD9224 Data Sheet, 1999
[34] Using TI FIFOs to Interface High-Speed Data Converters With TI TMS320~(TM) DSPs. SDMA003-June 2001
[35] Carlos M. B. A. Correia. Pulse processing architectures. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 422(1999)405-410
[36] Chris Cant著，孙义等译．Windows WDM设备驱动程序开发指南．机械工程出版社，2000
[37] 武安河，邰铭，于洪涛．Windows 2000／XP WDM设备驱动程序开发．电子工业出版社，2003
[38] Jungo Ltd. WinDriver v7.01 User's Guide
[39] 驱动开发网．http://www.driverdevelop.com
[40] 梁维．Visual C++6.0编程实用教程．中国水利水电出版社，1999
[41] 王腾蛟，刘云峰，汤晋立．新概念Visual C++6.0教程．北京科海集团公司，2001
[42] 蔡跃荣，陈满，杨朝文．基于DSP的核信号波形数字化获取与处理系统设计．核电子学与探测技术．2006
[43] 陈满，蔡跃荣，杨朝文．闪烁探测器信号波形识别的人工神经网络实现．核电子学与探测技术．2006
[44] 刘国华，王宏波，付强，杨朝文．基于DSP的核探测信号波形采集卡的研制．四川大学学报，2005
[45] 付强，王宏波，刘国华，杨朝文．基于DSP的新型核数据采集与分析系统软件设计．现代计算机，2005
[46] 王宏波，刘国华，付强，杨朝文．数字化核能谱测量中能量分辨率影响因素的研究．四川大学学报，2005
[47] 唐玲，路阳等．基于PCI总线的驱动程序设计．微计算机信息．2004，20(6)
[48] 黄讯，孙政顺．利用Windriver开发设备驱动程序．电子技术应用．2001，3
[49] 李静，赵保军．激光成像系统PCI驱动程序开发．现代电子技术．2005，12
[50] 陈艳，陈伟．CAN总线PCI接口卡及驱动程序设计．工业控制计算机．2005，2
[51] 阮鹏，张峥．基于DSP和PCI总线的通信数据采集系统．电子技术应用．2005，5
[52] 黄斌等．基于TMS320C6202B的100M超高速数据采集系统．仪器仪表．2004，5
[53] 谢前进．基于PCI总线的超高速数据采集系统的设计与实现．计算机测量与控制．2002，10(9)
[54] 陈光日等．基于DSP+PCI结构的高速数据采集系统．雷达与对抗．2002，4