基于知识的CAD系统若干关键技术研究
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摘要
知识工程是随着人工智能技术的发展而产生的,对于促进计算机辅助设计的工程化、实用化和自动化,提高产品设计质量和效率均有着显著的意义。基于知识的产品设计技术已成为国内外研究开发的热点,并视为CAD 技术深化应用和发展的重要途径。本文结合国家十五重点科技攻关项目“产品CAD 软件”(项目编号:2001BA201A02),对基于知识的CAD 系统中若干关键技术进行了深入的研究。
产品设计的知识建模是基于知识的CAD 系统核心问题之一。为了避免繁琐的知识获取过程,降低知识维护成本,本文提出了在传统特征基础上进行扩展以实现知识融合机制的方法。通过引入知识元的混合知识表达简化了知识建模过程。在扩展特征基础上,提出了知识元特征和凝聚特征概念。知识元特征能够与几何形状特征一致的方式进行操作,还能够灵活地构造设计中的准则或原理,运用这些设计准则来完成包括复杂计算、推理、校核验证、自适应调整等功能。系统级的凝聚特征将设计知识、几何形状以及联接关系等封装起来,克服了传统特征在功能语义表达上的不完备性。
知识约束系统建模是对知识元特征模型进行知识处理的基础。为了保证对实际工程设计问题的适用性及系统约束维护一致性等要求,提出了基于有向二分图的知识约束系统建模方法。通过对知识约束特性的分析,并运用图论算法对二分图进行有向化、凝聚和分类等操作,降低了知识约束处理的复杂程度。利用知识约束系统生成的推理求解序列,形成推理求解的控制策略,保证了混合推理求解的稳定性和有效控制。
知识库子系统是CAD 系统应用知识的关键性构件。为了保证知识库系统的易维护性和可扩充性,提出了面向设计任务结构的多层次知识库构造方法。在设计任务和设计任务结构的基础上,利用知识元用于形成设计任务的问题求解方法PSM。提出了基于知识元和设计任务的多粒度知识重用方法,并将设计任务网络应用于设计任务的自动化过程引导之中。
在上述理论研究成果的基础上,研制开发了基于知识的CAD 原型系统,并顺利通过了项目验收。最后,给出了减速器的实例以验证本文研究的有效性和可行性。
Advances in artificial intelligence technologies have led to the emergence and development of Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) techniques. KBE techniques are expected to promote the practicability and automation of computer aided design, and has great significance to improve product quality and design efficiency. Currently knowledge based product design technology has attracted much attention, and is considered as an important way to improve the application and development of computer aided design. Based on the overview of KBE, Several key issues to implement the knowledge based CAD system are studied in this dissertation, which is sponsored by the National Key Research Project of the 10th five-year-plan of China (Grant No. 2001BA201A02).
Knowledge modeling of product design is one of the essential issues in knowledge based CAD system. To expedite knowledge acquisition process and to facilitate the maintenance of design knowledge, a knowledge fusion mechanism is introduced which is based on the extension of traditional feature model. Knowledge primitive that represents the basic knowledge form is employed to simplify the knowledge modeling process. Based on the extended feature, knowledge primitive feature and agglomerated feature are introduced.
Knowledge primitive feature offers many merits, such as easy manipulation and suitable to construct design rationales. The design rationales are then applied to carry out complex computation, reasoning, validation, self-adjustment etc. Encapsulating design knowledge, geometry form and conjunction relationship, the agglomerated feature in system-level is generated to maintain the whole semantic elements of a function.
Knowledge constraint modeling establishes a foundation to process the knowledge primitive model. To ensure the feasibility for engineering design and the consistency of constraint management, a directed bi-partite graph is proposed to model the knowledge constraints. According to characteristics of different knowledge constraints, some methods and algorithms are employed to direct, group and reduce the graph. A control strategy of reasoning and computation process can be formulated by using of solving sequence generated by knowledge constraint model. The control algorithm ensures the stability and effective control of hybrid reasoning and computation process.
Knowledge repository is the indispensable component of the knowledge based CAD system. A DTS (Design task structure) oriented approach to construct a hierarchical and systematic knowledge repository is introduced. Thus the knowledge repository is more manageable and expandable. A set of knowledge primitives can be used to realize a specific problem solving method (PSM) of a design task in DTS. By using of knowledge primitive and design task, design knowledge can also be reused in multi-granule. The design task network (DTN) is employed to guide the automation of design process. On the basis of the above theoretic achievement, a knowledge based CAD prototype system has been developed which passed the project assessment. Finally, the feasibility and validity of this research is testified by a gear reducer design.
产品设计的知识建模是基于知识的CAD 系统核心问题之一。为了避免繁琐的知识获取过程,降低知识维护成本,本文提出了在传统特征基础上进行扩展以实现知识融合机制的方法。通过引入知识元的混合知识表达简化了知识建模过程。在扩展特征基础上,提出了知识元特征和凝聚特征概念。知识元特征能够与几何形状特征一致的方式进行操作,还能够灵活地构造设计中的准则或原理,运用这些设计准则来完成包括复杂计算、推理、校核验证、自适应调整等功能。系统级的凝聚特征将设计知识、几何形状以及联接关系等封装起来,克服了传统特征在功能语义表达上的不完备性。
知识约束系统建模是对知识元特征模型进行知识处理的基础。为了保证对实际工程设计问题的适用性及系统约束维护一致性等要求,提出了基于有向二分图的知识约束系统建模方法。通过对知识约束特性的分析,并运用图论算法对二分图进行有向化、凝聚和分类等操作,降低了知识约束处理的复杂程度。利用知识约束系统生成的推理求解序列,形成推理求解的控制策略,保证了混合推理求解的稳定性和有效控制。
知识库子系统是CAD 系统应用知识的关键性构件。为了保证知识库系统的易维护性和可扩充性,提出了面向设计任务结构的多层次知识库构造方法。在设计任务和设计任务结构的基础上,利用知识元用于形成设计任务的问题求解方法PSM。提出了基于知识元和设计任务的多粒度知识重用方法,并将设计任务网络应用于设计任务的自动化过程引导之中。
在上述理论研究成果的基础上,研制开发了基于知识的CAD 原型系统,并顺利通过了项目验收。最后,给出了减速器的实例以验证本文研究的有效性和可行性。
Advances in artificial intelligence technologies have led to the emergence and development of Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) techniques. KBE techniques are expected to promote the practicability and automation of computer aided design, and has great significance to improve product quality and design efficiency. Currently knowledge based product design technology has attracted much attention, and is considered as an important way to improve the application and development of computer aided design. Based on the overview of KBE, Several key issues to implement the knowledge based CAD system are studied in this dissertation, which is sponsored by the National Key Research Project of the 10th five-year-plan of China (Grant No. 2001BA201A02).
Knowledge modeling of product design is one of the essential issues in knowledge based CAD system. To expedite knowledge acquisition process and to facilitate the maintenance of design knowledge, a knowledge fusion mechanism is introduced which is based on the extension of traditional feature model. Knowledge primitive that represents the basic knowledge form is employed to simplify the knowledge modeling process. Based on the extended feature, knowledge primitive feature and agglomerated feature are introduced.
Knowledge primitive feature offers many merits, such as easy manipulation and suitable to construct design rationales. The design rationales are then applied to carry out complex computation, reasoning, validation, self-adjustment etc. Encapsulating design knowledge, geometry form and conjunction relationship, the agglomerated feature in system-level is generated to maintain the whole semantic elements of a function.
Knowledge constraint modeling establishes a foundation to process the knowledge primitive model. To ensure the feasibility for engineering design and the consistency of constraint management, a directed bi-partite graph is proposed to model the knowledge constraints. According to characteristics of different knowledge constraints, some methods and algorithms are employed to direct, group and reduce the graph. A control strategy of reasoning and computation process can be formulated by using of solving sequence generated by knowledge constraint model. The control algorithm ensures the stability and effective control of hybrid reasoning and computation process.
Knowledge repository is the indispensable component of the knowledge based CAD system. A DTS (Design task structure) oriented approach to construct a hierarchical and systematic knowledge repository is introduced. Thus the knowledge repository is more manageable and expandable. A set of knowledge primitives can be used to realize a specific problem solving method (PSM) of a design task in DTS. By using of knowledge primitive and design task, design knowledge can also be reused in multi-granule. The design task network (DTN) is employed to guide the automation of design process. On the basis of the above theoretic achievement, a knowledge based CAD prototype system has been developed which passed the project assessment. Finally, the feasibility and validity of this research is testified by a gear reducer design.
引文
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