基于DSP的移相全桥ZVZCS直流变换器研究
摘要
软开关技术是现代电力电子技术研究的热点之一,是电力电子装置向高频化、高功率密度化发展的关键技术。微处理器的出现促进了电力电子变换器的控制技术从传统的模拟控制转向数字控制,数字控制技术可使控制电路大为简化,并能提高系统的抗干扰能力、控制灵活性、通用性以及智能化程度。
移相全桥软开关拓扑电路是目前大功率高频开关电源最常用的拓扑结构,它利用变压器漏感或者外加谐振电感与开关管结电容或者外并电容谐振造成零压或零流条件开通或关断功率器件,错开功率器件大电流与高电压同时出现的硬开关状态,大大降低功率器件的开关损耗。
本文立足于将开关电源的高频化与数字化相结合,应用DSP技术进行了基于DSP控制的移相全桥ZVZCS直流变换器的研究。本文阐述了课题的研究背景、研究方向和主要研究内容;通过对三种全桥移相软开关拓扑电路特点的对比分析,以及对基本移相全桥ZVS直流变换器和移相全桥ZVZCS直流变换器工作原理的详细分析,设计了基于DSP控制的移相全桥ZVZCS PWM DC/DC变换器硬件电路,包括主电路、驱动电路、采样电路、保护电路和辅助电源电路;在对电路进行小信号模型分析的基础上推导了考虑占空比损失的电流内环、电压外环的双环控制模型,设计了电压电流环的PI调节器参数,并利用MATLAB软件对构造的控制系统的性能进行了仿真和分析;提出了基于数字信号处理器的移相数字控制方案,给出了详细的软件设计程序流程。
Soft-switching technique is a hotspot of power electronic research. It's the key technique in the high frequency and high-density converter. With the advent of microprocessor, there has been an increased interest in digital control of switch mode power supply, instead of analog control. The digital control scheme has many advantages in simplifying the control circuit, improving the anti-interference ability, control precision and flexibility, general and intelligent level.
Full bridge shift phase soft switch topologic circuit is extensively applied topologic structure in high power and high frequent switch power system. In this thesis, the power switching realize ZVS or ZCS with the resonates between the leakage inductance of the transformer or extra inductance and the intrinsic capacitors of the power switches or extra parallel capacitors, therefore it can avoid high current and high voltage occurring at the same time and greatly decrease electronic unit switch loss.
In order to reach both high frequency and digitalization of converter, a phase-shifted full-bridge ZVZCS Converter based on DSP control is proposed in this thesis. The study background, direction and main content of this thesis are presented; The characters of three kinds of phase-shifted full-bridge soft switch topologic circuits are contrasted and analyzed, moreover the operation of elementary phase-shifted full-bridge ZVS DC/DC Converter and phase-shifted full-bridge ZVZCS DC/DC Converter are analyzed in detail; The main circuit, the driving circuit, the sampling circuit, the protecting circuits and the auxiliary power supply circuits are designed; The double loop control model with an inner current-loop and an outer voltage-loop considering duty-cycle loss is deduced on the small-signal model analysis of this topology, and the parameters of PI regulator is designed for the current-loop and voltage-loop, the simulation analysis of the performance of the constructed control system is also carried on by the Matlab software; A creating shifting pulse scheme based on DSP is showed and particular software design and program flow are also given.
移相全桥软开关拓扑电路是目前大功率高频开关电源最常用的拓扑结构,它利用变压器漏感或者外加谐振电感与开关管结电容或者外并电容谐振造成零压或零流条件开通或关断功率器件,错开功率器件大电流与高电压同时出现的硬开关状态,大大降低功率器件的开关损耗。
本文立足于将开关电源的高频化与数字化相结合,应用DSP技术进行了基于DSP控制的移相全桥ZVZCS直流变换器的研究。本文阐述了课题的研究背景、研究方向和主要研究内容;通过对三种全桥移相软开关拓扑电路特点的对比分析,以及对基本移相全桥ZVS直流变换器和移相全桥ZVZCS直流变换器工作原理的详细分析,设计了基于DSP控制的移相全桥ZVZCS PWM DC/DC变换器硬件电路,包括主电路、驱动电路、采样电路、保护电路和辅助电源电路;在对电路进行小信号模型分析的基础上推导了考虑占空比损失的电流内环、电压外环的双环控制模型,设计了电压电流环的PI调节器参数,并利用MATLAB软件对构造的控制系统的性能进行了仿真和分析;提出了基于数字信号处理器的移相数字控制方案,给出了详细的软件设计程序流程。
Soft-switching technique is a hotspot of power electronic research. It's the key technique in the high frequency and high-density converter. With the advent of microprocessor, there has been an increased interest in digital control of switch mode power supply, instead of analog control. The digital control scheme has many advantages in simplifying the control circuit, improving the anti-interference ability, control precision and flexibility, general and intelligent level.
Full bridge shift phase soft switch topologic circuit is extensively applied topologic structure in high power and high frequent switch power system. In this thesis, the power switching realize ZVS or ZCS with the resonates between the leakage inductance of the transformer or extra inductance and the intrinsic capacitors of the power switches or extra parallel capacitors, therefore it can avoid high current and high voltage occurring at the same time and greatly decrease electronic unit switch loss.
In order to reach both high frequency and digitalization of converter, a phase-shifted full-bridge ZVZCS Converter based on DSP control is proposed in this thesis. The study background, direction and main content of this thesis are presented; The characters of three kinds of phase-shifted full-bridge soft switch topologic circuits are contrasted and analyzed, moreover the operation of elementary phase-shifted full-bridge ZVS DC/DC Converter and phase-shifted full-bridge ZVZCS DC/DC Converter are analyzed in detail; The main circuit, the driving circuit, the sampling circuit, the protecting circuits and the auxiliary power supply circuits are designed; The double loop control model with an inner current-loop and an outer voltage-loop considering duty-cycle loss is deduced on the small-signal model analysis of this topology, and the parameters of PI regulator is designed for the current-loop and voltage-loop, the simulation analysis of the performance of the constructed control system is also carried on by the Matlab software; A creating shifting pulse scheme based on DSP is showed and particular software design and program flow are also given.
引文
[1]杨德刚,赵良炳.软开关技术回顾与展望.电力电子技术,1998(2):96-101
[2]邢岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关变换技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:37-62
[3]洪峰.数字控制移相全桥软开关变换器.南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2004:6-7
[4]彭力,林新春,康勇.数字控制高频变换器的新颖PWM方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(10):47-51
[5]Zeng Yong,Lu Zhengyu,Qian Zhaoming.A limit-cycle suppressor method for digital PWM resolution enhancement in high frequency DC/DC converter[J],of the CSEE,2002,22(8):22-25
[6]Delli Colli V,Stefan DOR,Marignetti F.DSP controlled soft-switchingfull-bridge DC/DC converter[C].IEEE ISIE,L′ Aquila,Italy,2002:754-759
[7]李逾晖.交直流开关电源数字控制系统设计及关键问题研究.浙江大学硕士论文,2004:1-5
[8]于海生.微型计算机控制技术.清华大学出版社,1999:81-95
[9]刘胜利编.现代高频开关电源实用技术.电子工业出版社,2001:169-173
[10]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.北京:科学出版社,2000:208-240
[11]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术.科学出版社,1999:11-73
[12]王聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2000:58-164
[13]许峰,徐殿国,王健将.软开关大功率全桥PWM变换器拓扑结构的对比分析.电力电子技术,2002,36(6):51-53
[14]Guichao.An Improved Full-Bridge Zero-Voltage-Switched PWM Converter Using a Saturable Inductor[J].IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics.1993,8(4):530-534
[15]Sabate J A.High-Voltage High-Power ZVS Full-Bridge PWM Converter Employing an Active Snubber[C].IEEEAPEC.91,Rec;1991:158-163
[16]Hang.Seok.Choi,Lee J H,Cho B H et al.Analysis and design considerations of zero-voltage and zero-current-switching(ZVZCS)full bridge PWM converters[C].IEEE APEC,Texas,USA,2002:1835-1840
[17]Garabandic D,Dunford W G,Edmunds M.Zero-voltage zero-current switching high output voltage full-bridge PWM converters using the inter-winding capacitance[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(2):343-349
[18]Kim E S,Joe K Y,Kye M H et al.An improved soft switching PWM FB DC/DC converter for reducing conduction losses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(2):258-264
[19]Xinbo Ruan,Yangguang Yan.Soft-switching techniques for PWM full bridge converters [C].Proc.IEEE PESC,Galway,Lreland,2000:634-639
[20]S.J.Jeon,F.Canales,P.M.Barbosa etal.A Primary-Side-Assisted Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Three-Level DC/DC Converter with Phase-Shift Control.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2002.16(5):573-580
[21]J.G.Cho,JA.Sabate,G.C.Hua and F.C.Iee.Zero-voltage and zero-current-switchingfull-bridge PWM converter for high power applications.IEEE_PESC,1994:102-108
[22]Cho.J.G,Baek.J.W,Yoo.D.W,Lee.H.S,Novel zero-voltage and zero-currentswitching full bridge PWM converter using transformer auxiliary winding.IEEE-PESC,1997:227-232.
[23]G.C.Hua,F.C.Lee,and M.M.Jovanovic.An improved zero-voltage-switched PWM converter using a saturable inductor.IEEE-PESC,1991:189-194
[24]Cuadros.C.Lin,C.Y.Boyevich,Watson.R.Design procedure and modeling of high power,high performance,zero-voltage zero-current switched,full-bridge PWM converter.APEC'97 Conference Proceedings 1997,2(12):790-798
[25]Jung-Goo.Cho,Sabate.J.A,Guichao.Hua et al.Zero-voltage and zero-current- switching full bridge PWM converter for high-power applications.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1996,11(4):622-628
[26]Xinbo Ruan,Yangguang Yan.An improved phase-shifted zero-voltage and zero-current switching PWM converter.APEC '98 Conference Proceedings,1998,2(12):811-815
[27]姜桂宾,谢力华,苏彦民.次级钳位的FB2ZVZCSPWM电路研究.电力电子技术,2000,1:1-3
[28]曹建安,王兆安.无损吸收ZVS2ZCSFBPWM变换器的优化设计.电力电子技术,2001,1:10-12
[29]赵清林,郑颖楠.次级采用辅助网络的ZVZCS PWM全桥变换器.电力电子技术,2002,36(4):43-46
[30]宋婷婷,黄念慈.一种新型次级钳位FB-ZVZCS-PWM变换器.电力电子技术,2001,35(6):33-35,47
[31]许峰、徐殿国、柳玉秀.一种新型的全桥零电压零电流开关PWM变换器.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(1):147-152
[32]Jung-Goo Cho,Ju-Won Baek,Chang-Yong Jeong et al.Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full bridge PWM converter using transformer auxiliary winding.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2000,15(2):250-257
[33]刘少纯,王志强.ZVZCS移相全桥PWM变换器的分析与仿真研究.通信电源技术,2006,23(5):9-11
[34]黄继昌.电子元器件手册.人民邮电出版社,2006:1015
[35]姬海宁.高频开关电源变压器的优化设计及其应用.电子科技大学硕士研究生论文,2003:19-27
[36]吕照瑞,张俊洪,赵镜红.全桥PWMZVZCS变换器电路的分析设计.电力电子技术,2003,37(5):36-38
[37]卢红.IGBT驱动保护与应用技术.电力电子技术,1993(2):1-5
[38]俞阿龙.IGBT在大功率DC_DC全桥变换器中的驱动与保护技术,电工技术,2000(9):32-34
[39]童福尧,冯培梯.功率MOSFET使用中应注意的问题.机电工程,1994(3):52-57
[40]王志强.开关电源设计(第二版).电子工业出版社,2005:246-247
[41]周志敏.IGBT和IPM及其应用电路.人民邮电出版社,2006:67-92
[42]沙占友.新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术.电子工业出版社,2004:387-393
[43]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.电子工业出版社,2004:434-438
[44]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术.机械工业出版社,2004:186-213
[45]胡寿松.自动控制原理.科学出版社,2001:204-213
[46]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.机械工业出版社,2000:30-41
[47]李宜达.控制系统设计与仿真.清华大学出版社,2004:269
[48]魏巍.Matlab控制工程工具箱技术手册.国防工业出版社,2004:363-364
[49]徐科军.TMS320X281X DSP原理与应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:135-223
[50]刘和平.TMS320LF240X DSP C语言开发应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003:115-202
[51]赖寿宏.微型机算计控制技术.机械工业出版社,2001:87-97
[52]潘新民.微型机算计控制技术.电子工业出版社,2003:277-286
[2]邢岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关变换技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:37-62
[3]洪峰.数字控制移相全桥软开关变换器.南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2004:6-7
[4]彭力,林新春,康勇.数字控制高频变换器的新颖PWM方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2001,21(10):47-51
[5]Zeng Yong,Lu Zhengyu,Qian Zhaoming.A limit-cycle suppressor method for digital PWM resolution enhancement in high frequency DC/DC converter[J],of the CSEE,2002,22(8):22-25
[6]Delli Colli V,Stefan DOR,Marignetti F.DSP controlled soft-switchingfull-bridge DC/DC converter[C].IEEE ISIE,L′ Aquila,Italy,2002:754-759
[7]李逾晖.交直流开关电源数字控制系统设计及关键问题研究.浙江大学硕士论文,2004:1-5
[8]于海生.微型计算机控制技术.清华大学出版社,1999:81-95
[9]刘胜利编.现代高频开关电源实用技术.电子工业出版社,2001:169-173
[10]阮新波,严仰光.直流开关电源的软开关技术.北京:科学出版社,2000:208-240
[11]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术.科学出版社,1999:11-73
[12]王聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2000:58-164
[13]许峰,徐殿国,王健将.软开关大功率全桥PWM变换器拓扑结构的对比分析.电力电子技术,2002,36(6):51-53
[14]Guichao.An Improved Full-Bridge Zero-Voltage-Switched PWM Converter Using a Saturable Inductor[J].IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics.1993,8(4):530-534
[15]Sabate J A.High-Voltage High-Power ZVS Full-Bridge PWM Converter Employing an Active Snubber[C].IEEEAPEC.91,Rec;1991:158-163
[16]Hang.Seok.Choi,Lee J H,Cho B H et al.Analysis and design considerations of zero-voltage and zero-current-switching(ZVZCS)full bridge PWM converters[C].IEEE APEC,Texas,USA,2002:1835-1840
[17]Garabandic D,Dunford W G,Edmunds M.Zero-voltage zero-current switching high output voltage full-bridge PWM converters using the inter-winding capacitance[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(2):343-349
[18]Kim E S,Joe K Y,Kye M H et al.An improved soft switching PWM FB DC/DC converter for reducing conduction losses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(2):258-264
[19]Xinbo Ruan,Yangguang Yan.Soft-switching techniques for PWM full bridge converters [C].Proc.IEEE PESC,Galway,Lreland,2000:634-639
[20]S.J.Jeon,F.Canales,P.M.Barbosa etal.A Primary-Side-Assisted Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Three-Level DC/DC Converter with Phase-Shift Control.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2002.16(5):573-580
[21]J.G.Cho,JA.Sabate,G.C.Hua and F.C.Iee.Zero-voltage and zero-current-switchingfull-bridge PWM converter for high power applications.IEEE_PESC,1994:102-108
[22]Cho.J.G,Baek.J.W,Yoo.D.W,Lee.H.S,Novel zero-voltage and zero-currentswitching full bridge PWM converter using transformer auxiliary winding.IEEE-PESC,1997:227-232.
[23]G.C.Hua,F.C.Lee,and M.M.Jovanovic.An improved zero-voltage-switched PWM converter using a saturable inductor.IEEE-PESC,1991:189-194
[24]Cuadros.C.Lin,C.Y.Boyevich,Watson.R.Design procedure and modeling of high power,high performance,zero-voltage zero-current switched,full-bridge PWM converter.APEC'97 Conference Proceedings 1997,2(12):790-798
[25]Jung-Goo.Cho,Sabate.J.A,Guichao.Hua et al.Zero-voltage and zero-current- switching full bridge PWM converter for high-power applications.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1996,11(4):622-628
[26]Xinbo Ruan,Yangguang Yan.An improved phase-shifted zero-voltage and zero-current switching PWM converter.APEC '98 Conference Proceedings,1998,2(12):811-815
[27]姜桂宾,谢力华,苏彦民.次级钳位的FB2ZVZCSPWM电路研究.电力电子技术,2000,1:1-3
[28]曹建安,王兆安.无损吸收ZVS2ZCSFBPWM变换器的优化设计.电力电子技术,2001,1:10-12
[29]赵清林,郑颖楠.次级采用辅助网络的ZVZCS PWM全桥变换器.电力电子技术,2002,36(4):43-46
[30]宋婷婷,黄念慈.一种新型次级钳位FB-ZVZCS-PWM变换器.电力电子技术,2001,35(6):33-35,47
[31]许峰、徐殿国、柳玉秀.一种新型的全桥零电压零电流开关PWM变换器.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(1):147-152
[32]Jung-Goo Cho,Ju-Won Baek,Chang-Yong Jeong et al.Novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full bridge PWM converter using transformer auxiliary winding.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2000,15(2):250-257
[33]刘少纯,王志强.ZVZCS移相全桥PWM变换器的分析与仿真研究.通信电源技术,2006,23(5):9-11
[34]黄继昌.电子元器件手册.人民邮电出版社,2006:1015
[35]姬海宁.高频开关电源变压器的优化设计及其应用.电子科技大学硕士研究生论文,2003:19-27
[36]吕照瑞,张俊洪,赵镜红.全桥PWMZVZCS变换器电路的分析设计.电力电子技术,2003,37(5):36-38
[37]卢红.IGBT驱动保护与应用技术.电力电子技术,1993(2):1-5
[38]俞阿龙.IGBT在大功率DC_DC全桥变换器中的驱动与保护技术,电工技术,2000(9):32-34
[39]童福尧,冯培梯.功率MOSFET使用中应注意的问题.机电工程,1994(3):52-57
[40]王志强.开关电源设计(第二版).电子工业出版社,2005:246-247
[41]周志敏.IGBT和IPM及其应用电路.人民邮电出版社,2006:67-92
[42]沙占友.新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术.电子工业出版社,2004:387-393
[43]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.电子工业出版社,2004:434-438
[44]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术.机械工业出版社,2004:186-213
[45]胡寿松.自动控制原理.科学出版社,2001:204-213
[46]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统.机械工业出版社,2000:30-41
[47]李宜达.控制系统设计与仿真.清华大学出版社,2004:269
[48]魏巍.Matlab控制工程工具箱技术手册.国防工业出版社,2004:363-364
[49]徐科军.TMS320X281X DSP原理与应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:135-223
[50]刘和平.TMS320LF240X DSP C语言开发应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003:115-202
[51]赖寿宏.微型机算计控制技术.机械工业出版社,2001:87-97
[52]潘新民.微型机算计控制技术.电子工业出版社,2003:277-286