船载自组网在AIS系统中的应用与路由算法探讨
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摘要
随着社会的发展，计算机网络在我们生活中的应用也越来越广泛，由于手持终端的普及，及对移动办公与更加舒适的网络体验的需求，无线网络日渐普及。同时由于现代航运、物流管理、遥感监测等对于网络传输的要求越来越高，传统的窄带通信网络已无法满足要求，于是原本设计用于军事用途的Ad Hoc网络逐渐在民用行业投入应用。Ad Hoc网络的便捷性相较于传统无线网络的便捷之处在于它不用繁杂的转发器材，例如无线路由器，无线AP等器材，它在使用过程中只使用器材本身就可以进行自组网，无需借助其他工具。随着GPS定位设备的普及和发展，与Ad Hoc网络技术相结合的智慧管理应用也逐渐成为现今社会研究的热点，如基于车载自组网络系统的车辆与物流管理系统，与船舶AIS系统相结合的港航与安全管理等。
当前的海事通信如数字选择性呼叫（DSC）、单边带无线电话(SSB)、卫星搜救系统（INMARSAT）等，它们带宽窄、信号稳定性差，价格昂贵。目前各国正在大规模安装的AIS基站监测系统，也没能解决AIS停留在单向9.6kbps低数据率的传输水平，双向通信还需借助其它技术手段。所以，本文尝试将Ad Hoc网络引入现有的AIS基站监控系统使之具有更好的数据转发功能，进一步可以利用该功能组建宽带船载移动自组网络（SANET）。
在当今研究中，对于Ad Hoc网络的路由，很多都是类似地图的搜索方法进行搜索，这在Ad Hoc网络中会产生无法搜索的错误。造成这个结果的原因是节点的覆盖范围有限，所以本文通过对Ad Hoc网络中各种类型的路由协议进行阐述研究，并且对当今研究比较多的几个路由协议进行了比较分析，总结出它们各自的特点和优缺点。根据当前的研究展望得出利用基于四叉网格模型的启发式算法在Ad Hoc网络路由协议中的应用。
With the development of society, the use of the computer network is becoming moreand more widespread in our lives, The popularity of handhold terminal, the needs formobile office and the more comfortable network experience, have made the wirelessnetwork more popular. Modern shipping, management, the monitoring by remote sensingand so on, have higher and higher requirements on the network transmission, which causestraditional narrow band networks can no longer meet those demands, so the Ad Hocnetwork which is traditionally used in military applications, is gradually used for civil use.Compared with traditional wireless network, the Ad Hoc network is more convenientwhich do not need using complex repeaters, such as wireless router, wireless AP, becausewhen the Ad Hoc network is working, it uses itself equipments without other tools. Withthe popularization and development of GPS, intelligent management application that becombined with the techniques of Ad Hoc network is always one of the hot spot of socialresearch, such as vehicles and Management System based on vehicular Ad Hoc network,and the safety management with port&channel combined with AIS.
The present marine communication, such as digital selective calling (DSC), singlesideband radiotelephone (SSB), satellite search and rescue system (INMARSAT) and so on,given the narrower bandwidth, low stability signal and high cost. The AIS base stationmonitoring system that being large scale installed in various countries today, also has notbeen able to solve the problem of AIS staying in the unidirectional low data rate of9.6kbpstransmission level, and it's bidirectional communication would also be required with othermeans of technology. Therefore, this paper attempts to introduce Ad Hoc networks intoexisting AIS base station monitoring control system to make it better data forwarding andfurther to use this feature to set up broadband ship-borne mobile AD Hoc networks(SANET).
In current research, for the Ad Hoc network routing, many search are similar to themap search, this will lead to search for errors in the Ad Hoc network. The reason for thisresult is limited coverage of the node. Therefore, this paper study on the various types ofrouting protocols in Ad Hoc Networks, and compares and analyses the today's manystudies of various types of routing protocols, then summed up their respective advantagesand disadvantages. Based on the current outlook study conclude that the use of heuristicalgorithm based on Quad-grid model in Ad Hoc network routing protocols.
当前的海事通信如数字选择性呼叫（DSC）、单边带无线电话(SSB)、卫星搜救系统（INMARSAT）等，它们带宽窄、信号稳定性差，价格昂贵。目前各国正在大规模安装的AIS基站监测系统，也没能解决AIS停留在单向9.6kbps低数据率的传输水平，双向通信还需借助其它技术手段。所以，本文尝试将Ad Hoc网络引入现有的AIS基站监控系统使之具有更好的数据转发功能，进一步可以利用该功能组建宽带船载移动自组网络（SANET）。
在当今研究中，对于Ad Hoc网络的路由，很多都是类似地图的搜索方法进行搜索，这在Ad Hoc网络中会产生无法搜索的错误。造成这个结果的原因是节点的覆盖范围有限，所以本文通过对Ad Hoc网络中各种类型的路由协议进行阐述研究，并且对当今研究比较多的几个路由协议进行了比较分析，总结出它们各自的特点和优缺点。根据当前的研究展望得出利用基于四叉网格模型的启发式算法在Ad Hoc网络路由协议中的应用。
With the development of society, the use of the computer network is becoming moreand more widespread in our lives, The popularity of handhold terminal, the needs formobile office and the more comfortable network experience, have made the wirelessnetwork more popular. Modern shipping, management, the monitoring by remote sensingand so on, have higher and higher requirements on the network transmission, which causestraditional narrow band networks can no longer meet those demands, so the Ad Hocnetwork which is traditionally used in military applications, is gradually used for civil use.Compared with traditional wireless network, the Ad Hoc network is more convenientwhich do not need using complex repeaters, such as wireless router, wireless AP, becausewhen the Ad Hoc network is working, it uses itself equipments without other tools. Withthe popularization and development of GPS, intelligent management application that becombined with the techniques of Ad Hoc network is always one of the hot spot of socialresearch, such as vehicles and Management System based on vehicular Ad Hoc network,and the safety management with port&channel combined with AIS.
The present marine communication, such as digital selective calling (DSC), singlesideband radiotelephone (SSB), satellite search and rescue system (INMARSAT) and so on,given the narrower bandwidth, low stability signal and high cost. The AIS base stationmonitoring system that being large scale installed in various countries today, also has notbeen able to solve the problem of AIS staying in the unidirectional low data rate of9.6kbpstransmission level, and it's bidirectional communication would also be required with othermeans of technology. Therefore, this paper attempts to introduce Ad Hoc networks intoexisting AIS base station monitoring control system to make it better data forwarding andfurther to use this feature to set up broadband ship-borne mobile AD Hoc networks(SANET).
In current research, for the Ad Hoc network routing, many search are similar to themap search, this will lead to search for errors in the Ad Hoc network. The reason for thisresult is limited coverage of the node. Therefore, this paper study on the various types ofrouting protocols in Ad Hoc Networks, and compares and analyses the today's manystudies of various types of routing protocols, then summed up their respective advantagesand disadvantages. Based on the current outlook study conclude that the use of heuristicalgorithm based on Quad-grid model in Ad Hoc network routing protocols.
引文
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[3] B. Karp, and H. T. Kung,“Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks,”Proceedings of the Sixth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing andNetworking (MobiCom2000), Boston, MA, pp.243-254, August2000.
[4] Zhanqi Dong, Mingxia Li;“A Routing Method of Ad Hoc Networks Based on A-star Algorithm,”Proc. of NSWCTC '09, Vol.2, pp.623–626, April2009.
[5] Y. f. Jiang, W. z. Wu,“Heuristic Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocol Based on GeographicLocation,” Journal of Computer Engineering (China), Vol.34, No.1, pp.136-139,2008.
[6] N. Arad, Y. Shavitt,“Minimizing Recovery State in Geographic Ad Hoc Routing,” IEEETRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, VOL.8, NO.2, pp.203-217, FEBRUARY2009.
[7] R. Friedman and G. Kliot,"Location Services in Wireless Ad Hoc and Hybrid Networks: ASurvey," Technical Report TRCS-2006-10, Technion Computer Science, April2006.
[8] A. C. Viana, M. D. Amorim, S. Fdida, J. F. Rezende,“Self-organization in spontaneous networks:the approach of DHT-based routing protocols”,Ad Hoc Networks3, pp.589–606,2005.
[9] J. y. Li, J. Jannotti, D. S. J. De Couto, D. R. Karger, R. Morris,“A scalable location service forgeographic ad hoc routing,” Proceedings of the6th annual international conference on Mobilecomputing and networking, pp.120-130, August,2000.
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[13] P. He, J.d. Li and L. Zhou,“A Novel Geographic Routing Algorithm for Ad Hoc NetworksBased on Localized Delaunay Triangulation,” Proceedings of the20th International Conference onAdvanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA’06), Vol.01, pp.49-54,2006.
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[16] W. x. Li, C. C. Guo,“A Symmetic Transmission Power Control Strategy for Mobile Ad HocNetworks in Realistic Environment,” Web Information Systems and Mining, WISM2009. IEEE,International Conference, Nov.2009, pp.686-690.
[17] Kuei-Ping Shih, Chau-Chieh Chang, Yen-Da Chen, MRPC:“A Multi-Rate Supported PowerControl MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks,” Wireless Communications andNetworking Conference (WCNC2009), IEEE,5-8April2009, pp.1-6.
[18] P. Li, X. j. Geng, Y.g. Fang,“An adaptive power controlled MAC protocol for wireless adhoc networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol.8, Jan.2009, pp.226-233.
[19] J. Charles, M.Colbourn, h. Cui, E. L. Lloyd*,“A carrier sense multiple access protocol withpower backoff (CSMA/PB),” Ad hoc networks, Vol.5, no.8,2007, pp.1233-1.25thousand.
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[25] Ning Lu, Xinhong Wang, Ping Wang, Peiyuan Lai, Fuqiang Liu.“A Distributed ReliableMulti-channel MAC Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,” Proceedings of IEEE IntelligentVehicles Symposium (IV'09), pp.1078-1082,2009.
[26] T. K. Mak, K. P. Laberteaux, R. Sengupta, M. Ergen,“Multichannel Medium Access Controlfor Dedicated Short-Range Communications,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULARTECHNOLOGY, VOL.58, NO.1, PP.394-401. JANUARY2009.
[27] Katrin Bilstrup, Elisabeth Uhlemann, Erik G. Str m, Urban Bilstrup,“On the ability of the802.11p MAC method and STDMA to support real-time vehicle-to-vehicle communication,”EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking,2009, p.1-13, January2009.
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[29] B. Alawieh, Y. n. Zhang, C. Assi, H. Mouftah,“Improving Spatial Reuse in MultihopWireless Networks–A Survey,” IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS&TUTORIALS, VOL.11,NO.3, pp.71-89, THIRD QUARTER July2009.
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[2] C. Lemmon, Siu Man Lui, Ickjai Lee,“Geographic Forwarding and Routing for Ad-hoc WirelessNetwork: A Survey,”Conference on INC, IMS and IDC,2009. NCM '09. Fifth InternationalJoint,Page(s):188–195, Aug.2009
[3] B. Karp, and H. T. Kung,“Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks,”Proceedings of the Sixth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing andNetworking (MobiCom2000), Boston, MA, pp.243-254, August2000.
[4] Zhanqi Dong, Mingxia Li;“A Routing Method of Ad Hoc Networks Based on A-star Algorithm,”Proc. of NSWCTC '09, Vol.2, pp.623–626, April2009.
[5] Y. f. Jiang, W. z. Wu,“Heuristic Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocol Based on GeographicLocation,” Journal of Computer Engineering (China), Vol.34, No.1, pp.136-139,2008.
[6] N. Arad, Y. Shavitt,“Minimizing Recovery State in Geographic Ad Hoc Routing,” IEEETRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, VOL.8, NO.2, pp.203-217, FEBRUARY2009.
[7] R. Friedman and G. Kliot,"Location Services in Wireless Ad Hoc and Hybrid Networks: ASurvey," Technical Report TRCS-2006-10, Technion Computer Science, April2006.
[8] A. C. Viana, M. D. Amorim, S. Fdida, J. F. Rezende,“Self-organization in spontaneous networks:the approach of DHT-based routing protocols”,Ad Hoc Networks3, pp.589–606,2005.
[9] J. y. Li, J. Jannotti, D. S. J. De Couto, D. R. Karger, R. Morris,“A scalable location service forgeographic ad hoc routing,” Proceedings of the6th annual international conference on Mobilecomputing and networking, pp.120-130, August,2000.
[10] Amit Patel’s Home Page,http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgramming/Heuristics.html
[11] P. E. Hart, N. J. Nilsson, and B. Raphael.“A formal basis for the heuristic determination ofminimum cost paths in graphs,” IEEE Trans. of Syst. Sci. and Cybernetics, SSC-4(2), pp.100-107,1968
[12] S. SIVAVAKEESAR, G. PAVLOU, A. LIOTTA,“Stable clustering through mobilityprediction for large-scale multihop intelligent ad hoc networks,” Conference of2004IEEEWireless Communications and Networking, Atlanta, USA, pp.1488-1493,2004.
[13] P. He, J.d. Li and L. Zhou,“A Novel Geographic Routing Algorithm for Ad Hoc NetworksBased on Localized Delaunay Triangulation,” Proceedings of the20th International Conference onAdvanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA’06), Vol.01, pp.49-54,2006.
[14] B. Alawieh, Y. n. Zhang, C. Assi, H. Mouftah,“Improving Spatial Reuse in MultihopWireless Networks–A Survey,” IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS&TUTORIALS, VOL.11, NO.3, THIRD QUARTER July2009, pp.71-89.
[15] V. Shah, E. Gelal*, S. V. Krishnamurthy,“Handling asymmetry in power heterogeneous adhoc networks,” Computer Networks, Elsevier,2007, pp.2598-2599.
[16] W. x. Li, C. C. Guo,“A Symmetic Transmission Power Control Strategy for Mobile Ad HocNetworks in Realistic Environment,” Web Information Systems and Mining, WISM2009. IEEE,International Conference, Nov.2009, pp.686-690.
[17] Kuei-Ping Shih, Chau-Chieh Chang, Yen-Da Chen, MRPC:“A Multi-Rate Supported PowerControl MAC Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks,” Wireless Communications andNetworking Conference (WCNC2009), IEEE,5-8April2009, pp.1-6.
[18] P. Li, X. j. Geng, Y.g. Fang,“An adaptive power controlled MAC protocol for wireless adhoc networks,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol.8, Jan.2009, pp.226-233.
[19] J. Charles, M.Colbourn, h. Cui, E. L. Lloyd*,“A carrier sense multiple access protocol withpower backoff (CSMA/PB),” Ad hoc networks, Vol.5, no.8,2007, pp.1233-1.25thousand.
[20] Jeonghoon Mo, Hoi-Sheung Wilson So, Jean Walrand,“Comparison of Multi-channel MACProtocols,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, VOL.7, NO.1,pp.50-65,JANUARY2008.
[21] Michelle X. Gong a, Scott F. Midkiff b, Shiwen Maoc,*,“On-demand routing and channelassignment in multi-channel mobile ad hoc networks,” Ad Hoc Networks, Vol.7, pp.63-78,2009
[22] Lars Erling Br ten, Jan Erik Voldhaug, Knut vsthus,“MEDIUM ACCESS FOR AMILITARY NARROWBAND WIRELESS AD-HOC NETWORK,” IEEE,2008
[23] IEEE standard for wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY)specifications[S]. IEEE Standard802.11,1997
[24] F. Borgonovo, A. Capone, M. Cesana, L. Fratta,“AD HOC MAC: New MAC Architecturefor Ad Hoc Networks Providing Efficient and Reliable Point-to-Point and Broadcast Services,”Wireless Networks, Vol.10, Num.4, pp.359-366,2004.
[25] Ning Lu, Xinhong Wang, Ping Wang, Peiyuan Lai, Fuqiang Liu.“A Distributed ReliableMulti-channel MAC Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,” Proceedings of IEEE IntelligentVehicles Symposium (IV'09), pp.1078-1082,2009.
[26] T. K. Mak, K. P. Laberteaux, R. Sengupta, M. Ergen,“Multichannel Medium Access Controlfor Dedicated Short-Range Communications,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULARTECHNOLOGY, VOL.58, NO.1, PP.394-401. JANUARY2009.
[27] Katrin Bilstrup, Elisabeth Uhlemann, Erik G. Str m, Urban Bilstrup,“On the ability of the802.11p MAC method and STDMA to support real-time vehicle-to-vehicle communication,”EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking,2009, p.1-13, January2009.
[28] N. Arad, Y. Shavitt,“Minimizing Recovery State in Geographic Ad Hoc Routing,” IEEETRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, VOL.8, NO.2, pp.203-217, FEBRUARY2009.
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