马铃薯挖掘机摆动分离筛的仿真与参数优化
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摘要
随着我国马铃薯产业的不断发展,马铃薯种植面积的不断扩大、产量持续增长,马铃薯的机械化收获得到了发展。但是马铃薯收获机的土薯分离效果不理想,薯块在分离过程中容易受到损伤。论文针对马铃薯机械化收获中筛分方面的技术难题,通过理论分析、计算机仿真模拟对4SW—130型马铃薯挖掘机的摆动分离筛进行了研究,并在此基础上对其的结构及运动参数进行了优化。
(1)对摆动分离筛运动状态以及薯块在筛面上的运动规律进行理论分析,获得了薯块在筛面上处于不同运动状态下的运动特征界限值。
(2)根据机具的实际结构尺寸,使用三维实体建模软件SolidWorks2007建立了4SW—130型马铃薯挖掘机主要部件的三维模型,并在ADAMS中建立了该机具摆动分离筛的虚拟样机模型。
(3)对虚拟样机模型进行了动态仿真分析。通过对筛面不同点的运动仿真分析,获得了各点的位移、速度、加速度的变化情况,全面的了解了筛面的运动状态。利用虚拟仿真试验,获得了对分离装置筛分性能影响较大的参数。
(4)从提高筛分效率、降低伤薯率的角度对摆动分离筛建立了以薯块在筛面上的平均移动速度最大为目标函数的优化数学模型,通过MATLAB优化得到了最佳参数值。在一定程度上提高了整机工作效率和生产率。
With the continuous development of the potato industry, the planting areas of potato are increasing, production continues to increase, and potato harvesting mechanization has been developed. However, separation result of potato harvester is not satisfactory. Potato is easily damaged in the separation process. Aiming at the separation technical difficulties of the potato harvesters, through theoretical analysis and computer simulation, separation of 4SW-130 potato digger has been studied and its structure and motion parameters are optimized.
(1)Movement state of the separation and the potato movement on the separation surface has been analyzed theoretically, and characteristics of the movement were obtained when potato was at different motion state on the surface of separation.
(2)In accordance with the actual structure size of the machine, the three-dimensional models of the main components of 4SW-130 potato digger was established by using three-dimensional solid modeling software, Solid Works2007.And the virtual prototype model of the separation of the machinery was built with ADAMS.
(3)The dynamic simulation analysis of virtual prototype model was made. Through motion simulation analysis of different points of the separation, changes of the displacement, velocity and acceleration of points were obtained; movement state of the separation was completed known. By means of virtual simulation tests, parameters made a notable impact on separation performance were attained.
(4)In terms of improving efficiency and reducing the rate of damage, the mathematical model was established, and its’objective function is maximum average speed. Through the optimization by MATLAB program, the optimum parameter was obtained. To some extent, efficiency and productivity of the whole machine was improved.
(1)对摆动分离筛运动状态以及薯块在筛面上的运动规律进行理论分析,获得了薯块在筛面上处于不同运动状态下的运动特征界限值。
(2)根据机具的实际结构尺寸,使用三维实体建模软件SolidWorks2007建立了4SW—130型马铃薯挖掘机主要部件的三维模型,并在ADAMS中建立了该机具摆动分离筛的虚拟样机模型。
(3)对虚拟样机模型进行了动态仿真分析。通过对筛面不同点的运动仿真分析,获得了各点的位移、速度、加速度的变化情况,全面的了解了筛面的运动状态。利用虚拟仿真试验,获得了对分离装置筛分性能影响较大的参数。
(4)从提高筛分效率、降低伤薯率的角度对摆动分离筛建立了以薯块在筛面上的平均移动速度最大为目标函数的优化数学模型,通过MATLAB优化得到了最佳参数值。在一定程度上提高了整机工作效率和生产率。
With the continuous development of the potato industry, the planting areas of potato are increasing, production continues to increase, and potato harvesting mechanization has been developed. However, separation result of potato harvester is not satisfactory. Potato is easily damaged in the separation process. Aiming at the separation technical difficulties of the potato harvesters, through theoretical analysis and computer simulation, separation of 4SW-130 potato digger has been studied and its structure and motion parameters are optimized.
(1)Movement state of the separation and the potato movement on the separation surface has been analyzed theoretically, and characteristics of the movement were obtained when potato was at different motion state on the surface of separation.
(2)In accordance with the actual structure size of the machine, the three-dimensional models of the main components of 4SW-130 potato digger was established by using three-dimensional solid modeling software, Solid Works2007.And the virtual prototype model of the separation of the machinery was built with ADAMS.
(3)The dynamic simulation analysis of virtual prototype model was made. Through motion simulation analysis of different points of the separation, changes of the displacement, velocity and acceleration of points were obtained; movement state of the separation was completed known. By means of virtual simulation tests, parameters made a notable impact on separation performance were attained.
(4)In terms of improving efficiency and reducing the rate of damage, the mathematical model was established, and its’objective function is maximum average speed. Through the optimization by MATLAB program, the optimum parameter was obtained. To some extent, efficiency and productivity of the whole machine was improved.
引文
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5内蒙古自治区马铃薯种植面积首次超过千万亩.内蒙古农业信息网,2007-11-19 00:00
6封莉.马铃薯挖掘机筛分系统的性能研究[D].硕士学位论文.河北农业大学. 2004:3
7杨德秋,郝新明,贾晶霞.马铃薯机械化收获技术的发展现状[J].农业技术与装备,2007(7):8
8单爱军,刘俊杰,崔冰冰.马铃薯收获机现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2006(4):19
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10王旭元. 4SW-40型马铃薯挖掘机分离筛的振动及其对主梁动载作用的测试研究[D].硕士学位论文.内蒙古农业大学. 2003:1
11王彦军. 4M-2型马铃薯联合收获机分离输送系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.甘肃农业大学. 2007:5
12薛蒙生.国内外马铃薯收获机械发展概况与研制推广[J].农业机械,2001(11):32～33
13王衍才,鲁志彬.马铃薯收获机的发展及市场前景浅析[J].农村牧区机械化,2006(3):66
14赵满全,窦卫国,赵士杰,杜文亮. 4SW系列马铃薯挖掘机的研制[J].农村牧区机械化,1999(4):15
15赵满全,赵士杰,佘大庆,刘汉涛,刘文忠,王政.组合分离式马铃薯挖掘机设计与研究[J].农机化研究,2007(4):69
16杨德秋,郝新明,贾晶霞.马铃薯机械化收获技术的发展现状[J].农业技术与装备,2007(7):9
17中国农业机械科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(下册)[M].北京:中国农业技术出版社,2007.1086
18洪小勇.对小型马铃薯收获机械技术问题的探讨[J].甘肃农业,2004(10):115
19鲁振.小型马铃薯收获机械技术问题的探讨[J].农业技术与装备,2007(7):26
20贾晶霞,张东兴,杨德秋.薯类收获机振动筛伤薯机理计算机模拟与分析[J].农业机械学报,2005(12):67
21桑永英,张东兴,张梅梅.马铃薯碰撞损伤试验研究及有限元分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,Vol.13(1):82
22李建平,赵匀,应义斌.振动输送板上物料移动速度和位移的计算机模拟与试验验证[J].农业工程学报,1998,Vol.14(2):214
23王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002.1
24郑建荣.虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.前言页1
25陈立平,张云清,任卫群,覃刚等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.76
26郑建荣.虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.2
27陈立平,张云清,任卫群,覃刚等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.131
28赵满全,窦卫国,赵士杰,杜文亮.新型马铃薯挖掘机的研制与开发[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2000,Vol.21(2):95
29程天庆.马铃薯栽培技术(第二版)[M].北京:金盾出版社,1996.6
30镇江农业机械学院.农业机械学(下册)[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1981.306
31郑建荣.虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.136
32郑建荣.虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.154
33王志伟,孟玲琴,刘丹,薄林海.振动筛选机的优化设计[J].农业机械学报,2006,Vol.37(5):69
34韩林山.机械优化设计[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2003.96～97
35李瀚如,孙风楼,柯保康等.农业机械学(下册)[M].北京:农业出版社,1997.180～202
2联合国粮食及农业组织. 2008国际马铃薯年重新认识被埋没的宝物[M]. http://www.potato2008.org/zh/events/book.html.2009:50
3中国将成为世界马铃薯生产中心.中国食品产业网,2007年10月30日10:31 http://www.foodqs.com/news/gnspzs01/2007103010319870.htm
4联合国粮食及农业组织. 2008国际马铃薯年重新认识被埋没的宝物[M]. http://www.potato2008.org/zh/events/book.html.2009:58
5内蒙古自治区马铃薯种植面积首次超过千万亩.内蒙古农业信息网,2007-11-19 00:00
6封莉.马铃薯挖掘机筛分系统的性能研究[D].硕士学位论文.河北农业大学. 2004:3
7杨德秋,郝新明,贾晶霞.马铃薯机械化收获技术的发展现状[J].农业技术与装备,2007(7):8
8单爱军,刘俊杰,崔冰冰.马铃薯收获机现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2006(4):19
9桑永英,张东兴.马铃薯收获现状分析与发展趋势[C].中国农业机械学会2006年学术年会论文集:598
10王旭元. 4SW-40型马铃薯挖掘机分离筛的振动及其对主梁动载作用的测试研究[D].硕士学位论文.内蒙古农业大学. 2003:1
11王彦军. 4M-2型马铃薯联合收获机分离输送系统的研究[D].硕士学位论文.甘肃农业大学. 2007:5
12薛蒙生.国内外马铃薯收获机械发展概况与研制推广[J].农业机械,2001(11):32～33
13王衍才,鲁志彬.马铃薯收获机的发展及市场前景浅析[J].农村牧区机械化,2006(3):66
14赵满全,窦卫国,赵士杰,杜文亮. 4SW系列马铃薯挖掘机的研制[J].农村牧区机械化,1999(4):15
15赵满全,赵士杰,佘大庆,刘汉涛,刘文忠,王政.组合分离式马铃薯挖掘机设计与研究[J].农机化研究,2007(4):69
16杨德秋,郝新明,贾晶霞.马铃薯机械化收获技术的发展现状[J].农业技术与装备,2007(7):9
17中国农业机械科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(下册)[M].北京:中国农业技术出版社,2007.1086
18洪小勇.对小型马铃薯收获机械技术问题的探讨[J].甘肃农业,2004(10):115
19鲁振.小型马铃薯收获机械技术问题的探讨[J].农业技术与装备,2007(7):26
20贾晶霞,张东兴,杨德秋.薯类收获机振动筛伤薯机理计算机模拟与分析[J].农业机械学报,2005(12):67
21桑永英,张东兴,张梅梅.马铃薯碰撞损伤试验研究及有限元分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2008,Vol.13(1):82
22李建平,赵匀,应义斌.振动输送板上物料移动速度和位移的计算机模拟与试验验证[J].农业工程学报,1998,Vol.14(2):214
23王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002.1
24郑建荣.虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.前言页1
25陈立平,张云清,任卫群,覃刚等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.76
26郑建荣.虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.2
27陈立平,张云清,任卫群,覃刚等.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.131
28赵满全,窦卫国,赵士杰,杜文亮.新型马铃薯挖掘机的研制与开发[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2000,Vol.21(2):95
29程天庆.马铃薯栽培技术(第二版)[M].北京:金盾出版社,1996.6
30镇江农业机械学院.农业机械学(下册)[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1981.306
31郑建荣.虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.136
32郑建荣.虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.154
33王志伟,孟玲琴,刘丹,薄林海.振动筛选机的优化设计[J].农业机械学报,2006,Vol.37(5):69
34韩林山.机械优化设计[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2003.96～97
35李瀚如,孙风楼,柯保康等.农业机械学(下册)[M].北京:农业出版社,1997.180～202