我国农村信用社改革效率研究
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摘要
我国农村人口占总人口的70%以上,如何解决农村经济发展问题,为农村提供及时有效的金融服务是一个事关中国经济建设成败的大问题。我国农村金融服务体系是一个由政策性银行、农业银行、信用社组成的体系,事实上为农村提供金融服务的主要是农村信用社。农村信用社对农村经济的发展做出了突出的贡献,而今已成为农村金融的主力军和联系农民最好的金融纽带,成为农村经济发展不可或缺的重要支持力量。
50多年来,农村信用社历经多次改革。但是,历次改革并没有带来效率的显著提高。始于2004年的农信社第二轮改革已经过去3年,取得了不错的改革成效。本文从农村信用社的效率情况着手,在定义农村信用社改革效率的基础上,根据我国的实际情况,设计了衡量农村信用社改革效率的指标体系,为评价改革效果提供一个客观的依据。然后根据农村信用社改革效率的特殊性,引进DEA(数据包络模型),以经济欠发达的邵阳地区的9家农村信用社联社作为样本,对2003年到2006年的效率状况进行实证分析,通过改革前后效率值的对比来评价改革效率。文章最后指出,影响农村信用社改革效率的因素有两个,即外部因素与内部因素。要提高改革效率,实现农村信用社的可持续发展,必须改进影响农村信用社效率的两大因素。文章坚持理论研究与实证研究相结合,始终贯彻定性分析和定量分析相结合的原则,试图为我国农村信用社的进一步改革提供理论参考和实践借鉴,为农村信用社的可持续发展提供一个新的思路。
Rural population in our country accounted for over 70 percent of the total population, how to solve the problem of the development of the rural economy , and provide prompt and effective finance service for the country, that is a big problem which the success or failure of the economic construction in china. The rural financial services structure in china including the rural policy bank, commercial bank and rural credit cooperatives. In fact, rural credit cooperatives are the main financial institution which provides financial services for the country. Rural credit cooperatives who making outstanding contributions for the development of the rural economy, they are the major force of the rural finance and the best bond of connection peasant. They have become an important and indispensable force in developing rural economy.
Over more than 50 years, rural credit cooperatives have been experienced many reforms. But,the efficiency has not increased substantially over many times reform, Three years have already passed since the second round reform of rural credit cooperatives which began at 2004,and notable progress was made. In this dissertation, we begin at the efficiency of rural credit cooperatives, on the basis of definition the reform efficiency of rural credit cooperatives, according to the actual conditions of our country, design index systems which measure of reform efficiency about rural credit cooperatives, provide a objective evidence to evaluate the reform effect. Then, according to the particularity reform efficiency about rural credit cooperatives, we introduce into DEA(data envelopment analyses), Nine rural credit cooperatives which economically under-developed areas in Shaoyang as our samples, demonstration analysis its efficiency from 2003 to 2006,we evaluate reform efficiency by contrasting efficiency number that reform before and after. Finally, we point out that have two elements impact reform efficiency about rural credit cooperatives, namely, external factors and internal factors. If we want to improve reform efficiency, realize sustainable development of rural credit cooperatives, we must improve on two elements which impact reform efficiency about them. The dissertation Keeps to combining theoretical research with empirical research, and implements the principle of integrating qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, try to provide theory reference and practice borrow for further reform about rural credit cooperatives, and to provide a new ideas for sustainable development about them.
50多年来,农村信用社历经多次改革。但是,历次改革并没有带来效率的显著提高。始于2004年的农信社第二轮改革已经过去3年,取得了不错的改革成效。本文从农村信用社的效率情况着手,在定义农村信用社改革效率的基础上,根据我国的实际情况,设计了衡量农村信用社改革效率的指标体系,为评价改革效果提供一个客观的依据。然后根据农村信用社改革效率的特殊性,引进DEA(数据包络模型),以经济欠发达的邵阳地区的9家农村信用社联社作为样本,对2003年到2006年的效率状况进行实证分析,通过改革前后效率值的对比来评价改革效率。文章最后指出,影响农村信用社改革效率的因素有两个,即外部因素与内部因素。要提高改革效率,实现农村信用社的可持续发展,必须改进影响农村信用社效率的两大因素。文章坚持理论研究与实证研究相结合,始终贯彻定性分析和定量分析相结合的原则,试图为我国农村信用社的进一步改革提供理论参考和实践借鉴,为农村信用社的可持续发展提供一个新的思路。
Rural population in our country accounted for over 70 percent of the total population, how to solve the problem of the development of the rural economy , and provide prompt and effective finance service for the country, that is a big problem which the success or failure of the economic construction in china. The rural financial services structure in china including the rural policy bank, commercial bank and rural credit cooperatives. In fact, rural credit cooperatives are the main financial institution which provides financial services for the country. Rural credit cooperatives who making outstanding contributions for the development of the rural economy, they are the major force of the rural finance and the best bond of connection peasant. They have become an important and indispensable force in developing rural economy.
Over more than 50 years, rural credit cooperatives have been experienced many reforms. But,the efficiency has not increased substantially over many times reform, Three years have already passed since the second round reform of rural credit cooperatives which began at 2004,and notable progress was made. In this dissertation, we begin at the efficiency of rural credit cooperatives, on the basis of definition the reform efficiency of rural credit cooperatives, according to the actual conditions of our country, design index systems which measure of reform efficiency about rural credit cooperatives, provide a objective evidence to evaluate the reform effect. Then, according to the particularity reform efficiency about rural credit cooperatives, we introduce into DEA(data envelopment analyses), Nine rural credit cooperatives which economically under-developed areas in Shaoyang as our samples, demonstration analysis its efficiency from 2003 to 2006,we evaluate reform efficiency by contrasting efficiency number that reform before and after. Finally, we point out that have two elements impact reform efficiency about rural credit cooperatives, namely, external factors and internal factors. If we want to improve reform efficiency, realize sustainable development of rural credit cooperatives, we must improve on two elements which impact reform efficiency about them. The dissertation Keeps to combining theoretical research with empirical research, and implements the principle of integrating qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, try to provide theory reference and practice borrow for further reform about rural credit cooperatives, and to provide a new ideas for sustainable development about them.
引文
[1] Guinnane & Timothy W. Regional organizations in the German cooperative banking system in the late 19th century. Research in Economics, 1997 (9)
[2] Neil Esho.The determinants of cost efficiency in cooperative financial institutions: Australian evidence.Journal of Banking & Finance, 2001,(5):941-964
[3] Benoit Tremblay & Daniel Cote,“合作制还是商业化:信用合作社资本结构创新的实证分析”金融研究, 2002(1):21-26
[4] Holger Bonus.As the cooperative and joint association of a corperation: the research to transaction economics.Germany:The lecture of Wilhelms University Munster dean, 1998.(8):2-7
[5] Rober P.King.The Future of Agricultural Cooperatives in North America: Discussion.America: Journal Agricultural Economics, 1995,(3):107-108
[6] 杨少芬, 梁雪芳, 王勉. 我国农村信用社实行社区金融模式改造研究. 金融研究, 2006,(7):174-186
[7] 李义奇. 农村信用社改革与农村金融发展. 上海金融, 2005,(2):24-26
[8] 马忠富. 农村信用社改革成本及制度创新. 金融研究, 2001,(4):11-23
[9] 易传和, 袁勤, 朱志成. 农村信用社管理再造研究. 财政与金融, 2004,(1):50-53
[10] 刘伦, 龚永国. 农村信用社改革成本分析. 金融理论与实践, 2005,(10):6-9
[11] 卢宇荣, 钟鼎礼. 花钱就能买机制吗?—对农村信用社改革的反思. 农业考古, 2006,(3):222-224
[12] 谢平, 徐忠, 沈高明. 农村信用社改革绩效评价. 金融研究, 2006,(01):23-39
[13] 乔治.斯蒂格勒等主编.《新帕而格雷夫经济学大词典》.经济科学出版社,1992年版,第 868 页.
[14] 马立珍. 金融改革:新农村建设的当务之急.内蒙古科技与经济.2006(24):31-33
[15] 张雪春. 政府定位与农村信用社改革. 金融研究, 2006,(6):109-116
[16] 徐云 .新一轮农村信用社改革探讨. 现代金融, 2006,(04)
[17] 李长健. 农村信用社改革的困境和出路. 中国合作经济, 2006,(08)
[18] Gurley , John G ,Edward S.Shaw.Financial Aspects of Economic Development .Ecomoic Review,1955,(45):217-256
[19] 张余文. 中国农村金融发展问题研究. 北京:经济科学出版社, 2005,(5)
[20] R.G. Lipsey & Kelvin Lancaster, The General Theory of the Second Best, 24 REV. ECON. STUD. 11 (1956).
[21] 白钦宪. 论以金融资源学说为基础的金融可持续发展理论与战略——兼论传统金融观到现代金融观的变迁白钦先. 广东商学院学报, 2003,(5):5-10
[22] 沈军. 金融效率论——二元视角下的理论分析与中国实证分析. 经济科学出版社, 2006
[23] 张献国, 李金霞. 改革成本支付与转轨时期财政运行的相关分析. 中央财经大学学报, 2004,(6):19-30
[24] 谢平. 农村信用社改革绩效评价. 金融研究, 2006,(01):23-39
[25] 姚耀军. 中国农村金融改革绩效评价. 江苏社会科学, 2006,(01):96-01
[26] 酒济民, 翟素军. 区域可持续发展指标体系的研究. 山东环境, 1999,(4)7-8
[27] 赵丙奇. 农村信用社改革:现状、问题与对策. 农业经济问题, 2006,(05)
[28] 谢平. 中国农村信用合作社体制改革的争论. 金融研究, 2001, (1):1-13
[29] 马忠富. 农村信用合作社改革成本及制度创新. 金融研究, 2001,(4):11-23
[30] L.Bertalanffy.General System Theory; Foundations, Development, Applications. 社会科学文献出版社, 1987
[31] 庞贞燕, 王桓. 适应性:农村信用社改革问题的再认识. 金融研究, 2006,(5):181-189
[32] 赵光君. 金融渗透差异与中小企业融资. 投资研究, 2003,(1):24-27
[33] 吴文江. 数据包络分析及其应用. 中国统计出版社, 2002
[34] 魏权龄. 数据包络分析. 北京:科学出版社, 2004
[35] P.Adndersen and N.C.Petersen.A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis,Management Science, 39(10):1261-1264
[36] 王丽. 东北地区上市公司短期信贷融资效率的实证分析:[东北大学硕士学位论文]. 东北大学, 2005, 26
[37] Bergera,Humphrey,1997.Inside the black box:what explains diferences in the efficiencies of financial institutions? Journal of Banking and Finance,21,895-947
[38] 中部崛起网. http://yc.jxcn.cn/zbjq/gszb/hn/2005_5_11/56984.shtml
[39] 湖南统计年鉴. 湖南: 中国统计出版社, 2004-2006
[40] 邵阳统计信息网. http://www.sytj.gov.cn/sytjww/default.htm
[41] 杨羽飞. 深化农村信用社改革若干问题的探讨. 金融研究, 2005,(03):169-176
[2] Neil Esho.The determinants of cost efficiency in cooperative financial institutions: Australian evidence.Journal of Banking & Finance, 2001,(5):941-964
[3] Benoit Tremblay & Daniel Cote,“合作制还是商业化:信用合作社资本结构创新的实证分析”金融研究, 2002(1):21-26
[4] Holger Bonus.As the cooperative and joint association of a corperation: the research to transaction economics.Germany:The lecture of Wilhelms University Munster dean, 1998.(8):2-7
[5] Rober P.King.The Future of Agricultural Cooperatives in North America: Discussion.America: Journal Agricultural Economics, 1995,(3):107-108
[6] 杨少芬, 梁雪芳, 王勉. 我国农村信用社实行社区金融模式改造研究. 金融研究, 2006,(7):174-186
[7] 李义奇. 农村信用社改革与农村金融发展. 上海金融, 2005,(2):24-26
[8] 马忠富. 农村信用社改革成本及制度创新. 金融研究, 2001,(4):11-23
[9] 易传和, 袁勤, 朱志成. 农村信用社管理再造研究. 财政与金融, 2004,(1):50-53
[10] 刘伦, 龚永国. 农村信用社改革成本分析. 金融理论与实践, 2005,(10):6-9
[11] 卢宇荣, 钟鼎礼. 花钱就能买机制吗?—对农村信用社改革的反思. 农业考古, 2006,(3):222-224
[12] 谢平, 徐忠, 沈高明. 农村信用社改革绩效评价. 金融研究, 2006,(01):23-39
[13] 乔治.斯蒂格勒等主编.《新帕而格雷夫经济学大词典》.经济科学出版社,1992年版,第 868 页.
[14] 马立珍. 金融改革:新农村建设的当务之急.内蒙古科技与经济.2006(24):31-33
[15] 张雪春. 政府定位与农村信用社改革. 金融研究, 2006,(6):109-116
[16] 徐云 .新一轮农村信用社改革探讨. 现代金融, 2006,(04)
[17] 李长健. 农村信用社改革的困境和出路. 中国合作经济, 2006,(08)
[18] Gurley , John G ,Edward S.Shaw.Financial Aspects of Economic Development .Ecomoic Review,1955,(45):217-256
[19] 张余文. 中国农村金融发展问题研究. 北京:经济科学出版社, 2005,(5)
[20] R.G. Lipsey & Kelvin Lancaster, The General Theory of the Second Best, 24 REV. ECON. STUD. 11 (1956).
[21] 白钦宪. 论以金融资源学说为基础的金融可持续发展理论与战略——兼论传统金融观到现代金融观的变迁白钦先. 广东商学院学报, 2003,(5):5-10
[22] 沈军. 金融效率论——二元视角下的理论分析与中国实证分析. 经济科学出版社, 2006
[23] 张献国, 李金霞. 改革成本支付与转轨时期财政运行的相关分析. 中央财经大学学报, 2004,(6):19-30
[24] 谢平. 农村信用社改革绩效评价. 金融研究, 2006,(01):23-39
[25] 姚耀军. 中国农村金融改革绩效评价. 江苏社会科学, 2006,(01):96-01
[26] 酒济民, 翟素军. 区域可持续发展指标体系的研究. 山东环境, 1999,(4)7-8
[27] 赵丙奇. 农村信用社改革:现状、问题与对策. 农业经济问题, 2006,(05)
[28] 谢平. 中国农村信用合作社体制改革的争论. 金融研究, 2001, (1):1-13
[29] 马忠富. 农村信用合作社改革成本及制度创新. 金融研究, 2001,(4):11-23
[30] L.Bertalanffy.General System Theory; Foundations, Development, Applications. 社会科学文献出版社, 1987
[31] 庞贞燕, 王桓. 适应性:农村信用社改革问题的再认识. 金融研究, 2006,(5):181-189
[32] 赵光君. 金融渗透差异与中小企业融资. 投资研究, 2003,(1):24-27
[33] 吴文江. 数据包络分析及其应用. 中国统计出版社, 2002
[34] 魏权龄. 数据包络分析. 北京:科学出版社, 2004
[35] P.Adndersen and N.C.Petersen.A procedure for ranking efficient units in data envelopment analysis,Management Science, 39(10):1261-1264
[36] 王丽. 东北地区上市公司短期信贷融资效率的实证分析:[东北大学硕士学位论文]. 东北大学, 2005, 26
[37] Bergera,Humphrey,1997.Inside the black box:what explains diferences in the efficiencies of financial institutions? Journal of Banking and Finance,21,895-947
[38] 中部崛起网. http://yc.jxcn.cn/zbjq/gszb/hn/2005_5_11/56984.shtml
[39] 湖南统计年鉴. 湖南: 中国统计出版社, 2004-2006
[40] 邵阳统计信息网. http://www.sytj.gov.cn/sytjww/default.htm
[41] 杨羽飞. 深化农村信用社改革若干问题的探讨. 金融研究, 2005,(03):169-176