基于AIS信息环境的船舶避碰决策系统研究
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摘要
船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)是一种可以传输大信息量、跨越障碍、抗天气影响、具有船—岸、船—船间信息联网的能力和近距离目标显示的全球船载自动识别系统。在国际海事组织、国际灯塔当局协会、国际电信联盟、国际电工技术委员会等有关国际组织的共同努力下,国际海事会议从1992年开始研讨AIS问题,发布了AIS的性能标准、技术特性、测试标准和操作指南等。
本论文将AIS提供的数据作为船舶避碰决策系统的信息环境来源,利用计算机技术研究基于AIS信息环境的船舶避碰决策技术。文章首先根据国内外的资料、发表的论文和国际海事组织的有关文件,对AIS系统的技术进行了归纳、整理,分析了AIS数据相对于雷达、ARPA数据而言的优越性和AIS数据精度;在分析目前国内外船舶避碰决策系统研究状况的基础上,讨论了长期困扰船舶避碰决策技术发展的关键问题,提出了将AIS技术应用到船舶避碰决策的设想。在船舶碰撞危险度的确定中讨论了基于AIS信息环境的船舶避碰模糊评判矩阵、时间碰撞危险度和空间碰撞危险度及其合成碰撞危险度的数学模型,并以该数学模型为具体的实现算法,在避碰知识库的支持下,用C语言开发了仿真系统。
本论文研究的方向仅针对广阔海域的船舶避碰决策,但基于AIS信息环境的船舶碰撞危险度数学模型的建立以及船舶避碰决策的提出,随着AIS技术特性的进一步提高,对狭水道船舶避碰、恶劣天气环境下船舶避碰有着划时代的现实意义,同时也将对目前甚至将来航海界中船舶智能自动避碰系统的全面研发带来较大的实用价值。
Automatic Identification System(AIS) is one kind may transmit the great information content, surmount an obstacle, the anti- weather influence, has between the ship -shore, the ship - ship the information networking ability and the short distance target indication global ship carries the automatic diagnosis system. In the International Maritime Organization, the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, the International Telecommunication Union, the International Electrician technical Committee and so on under the related international organization's joint effort, the international maritime affair conference started from 1992 to deliberate the AIS question, has issued the AIS performance standard, the technical characteristic, the test standard and the operation manual and so on.The present paper the data which provides AIS evades as the ships bumps the decision system the information environment to originate, evades using the computer technology research based on the AIS information environment ships bumps the policy-making technology. The article first acts according to the domestic and foreign materials, the publication paper and the International Maritime Organization's related document, has carried on the induction, the reorganization to the AIS system technology, analyzed the AIS data to be opposite the superiority and the AIS data precision which in the radar, the ARPA data said; The domestic and foreign ships evade at present in the analysis bump the decision system research condition in the foundation, discussed has puzzled the ships to evade for a long time bumps the decision-making technological development the key question, proposed applied the AIS technology to the ships evades bumps policy-making the tentative plan. Discussed in a ships collision danger determination has evaded based on the AIS information environment ships bumps the fuzzy judgment matrix, the time collision danger and the spatial collision danger and its the synthesis collision danger mathematical model, and as concrete realized the algorithm take this mathematical model, in evaded bumps the knowledge library under the support, has developed the simulation system with the C language.
The present paper research direction only aims at the broad sea area the ships to evade bumps the decision-making, but evades based on the AIS information environment ships collision dangerous number of degree study model establishment as well as the ships bumps policy-making proposing, along with the AIS technology characteristic further enhancement, evades to the gut ships bumps, under the heavy weather environment the ships evades bumps has the epoch-making practical significance, at the same time also even future the navigation center ships intelligence automatically will evade to at present bumps the system the comprehensive research and development to bring the great practical value.
本论文将AIS提供的数据作为船舶避碰决策系统的信息环境来源,利用计算机技术研究基于AIS信息环境的船舶避碰决策技术。文章首先根据国内外的资料、发表的论文和国际海事组织的有关文件,对AIS系统的技术进行了归纳、整理,分析了AIS数据相对于雷达、ARPA数据而言的优越性和AIS数据精度;在分析目前国内外船舶避碰决策系统研究状况的基础上,讨论了长期困扰船舶避碰决策技术发展的关键问题,提出了将AIS技术应用到船舶避碰决策的设想。在船舶碰撞危险度的确定中讨论了基于AIS信息环境的船舶避碰模糊评判矩阵、时间碰撞危险度和空间碰撞危险度及其合成碰撞危险度的数学模型,并以该数学模型为具体的实现算法,在避碰知识库的支持下,用C语言开发了仿真系统。
本论文研究的方向仅针对广阔海域的船舶避碰决策,但基于AIS信息环境的船舶碰撞危险度数学模型的建立以及船舶避碰决策的提出,随着AIS技术特性的进一步提高,对狭水道船舶避碰、恶劣天气环境下船舶避碰有着划时代的现实意义,同时也将对目前甚至将来航海界中船舶智能自动避碰系统的全面研发带来较大的实用价值。
Automatic Identification System(AIS) is one kind may transmit the great information content, surmount an obstacle, the anti- weather influence, has between the ship -shore, the ship - ship the information networking ability and the short distance target indication global ship carries the automatic diagnosis system. In the International Maritime Organization, the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities, the International Telecommunication Union, the International Electrician technical Committee and so on under the related international organization's joint effort, the international maritime affair conference started from 1992 to deliberate the AIS question, has issued the AIS performance standard, the technical characteristic, the test standard and the operation manual and so on.The present paper the data which provides AIS evades as the ships bumps the decision system the information environment to originate, evades using the computer technology research based on the AIS information environment ships bumps the policy-making technology. The article first acts according to the domestic and foreign materials, the publication paper and the International Maritime Organization's related document, has carried on the induction, the reorganization to the AIS system technology, analyzed the AIS data to be opposite the superiority and the AIS data precision which in the radar, the ARPA data said; The domestic and foreign ships evade at present in the analysis bump the decision system research condition in the foundation, discussed has puzzled the ships to evade for a long time bumps the decision-making technological development the key question, proposed applied the AIS technology to the ships evades bumps policy-making the tentative plan. Discussed in a ships collision danger determination has evaded based on the AIS information environment ships bumps the fuzzy judgment matrix, the time collision danger and the spatial collision danger and its the synthesis collision danger mathematical model, and as concrete realized the algorithm take this mathematical model, in evaded bumps the knowledge library under the support, has developed the simulation system with the C language.
The present paper research direction only aims at the broad sea area the ships to evade bumps the decision-making, but evades based on the AIS information environment ships collision dangerous number of degree study model establishment as well as the ships bumps policy-making proposing, along with the AIS technology characteristic further enhancement, evades to the gut ships bumps, under the heavy weather environment the ships evades bumps has the epoch-making practical significance, at the same time also even future the navigation center ships intelligence automatically will evade to at present bumps the system the comprehensive research and development to bring the great practical value.
引文
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[6] 高等海难审判厅,海难审判现况,海难审判,平成2～12年,2001
[7] http://www.gdmsa.gov.cn 2003-11-5
[8] D. B. Charter. Determination of risk of collision using twentieth century techniques. Navigation(Journal of The Institue of Navigation), 1979, 26(3):237-243
[9] 全文兴.水上交通事故统计、分析、预测方法的研究:(学位论文)大连海事大学,1999
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[13] 李丽娜等.宽阔水域船舶避碰智能化方法的研究.中国交通研究与探索.北京:中国铁道出版社,1997.164-166
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[18] Kazunari YAMADA, Nobuo AriMura. A study on man-ma-chine system in vessel traffic flow. The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation, 1988, 82:1-12
[19] 赵劲松,古文贤.避碰时机决策模型的分析.大连海运学院学报,1991,17(1):37-43
[20] Junya IMAMURA. Study on ship domain. The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation, 1983, 70:11-18
[21] Kinzo INOUE. Shigeru USAMI, Wataru SERA. Risk evaluation of collision avoidance in testricted water. The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation, 1993, 89:187-195
[22] 井上欣三.操船安全评价论.神户商船大学,1996年5月
[23] Shinya NAKAMURA, Kuniji KOSE. A study on the safety assessment of marine traffic. The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation, 1994, 92:101-111
[24] Saburo TSURUTA, Hisashi Matsumura, Masaaki Inaishi, Hayama IMAZU, Akio Msugisaki. Basic research on an expert system for navigation at sea(-collision avoidance expert system-). The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation, 1987, 77133-139
[25] F. P. Coenen, G. P. Sneaton, A. G. Bole. Knowledge-based collision avoidance. The Journal of Navigation, 1980, 42(2): 107-116
[26] 王敬全,吴唏,等.船舶避碰专家系统.海军广州舰艇学院,中日航海学会论文集,1998
[27] 孙立成,等.驾驶员避碰行为的统计和研究.大连海事大学学报,1996,22(1):1-6
[28] 杨宝璋,等.一种新型的船舶避碰自动化系统.中国航海学会,1992
[29] 林长川:雷达与AIS目标位置信息融合方法的研究.航海实用新技术论文集.2002.9
[30][23] 王世远:AIS现状、前景及对策,航海技术,2001,5
[31] 邓洪章:船舶自动识别系统(AIS),船用导航雷达,2002,1
[32] 戚晓丽,王世林:世界海运,ECDIS、AIS、VAS,2002,5
[33] Jan. Jonson. Kent. Lyktberg, Evaluation of AIS and ECDIS in the BAFEGIS project
[34] IALA Guidelines on Universal Shipborne Automatic Identification System December, 2001
[35] 王小金:船载AIS和导航雷达在使用中应优势互补,航海科技,2002.6
[36] 周懿宗等,AIS应用技术,2000,11,上海海事局,5-8
[37] SOTDMA和AIS的发展 《通信导航》2002年第一期
[38] 谷溪,李军.船舶自动识别系统(AIS)的研究和应用(南通航运职业技术学院学报,2003.2)
[39] http://www.sunshine-marine.com/product/uais/McMurdo.htm
[40] http://www.sunshine-marine.com/news/(?)°￡AIS.htm
[41] 邱志雄,兰培真.船舶避碰综合决策系统.大连海事大学学报,1992,18(3):247-254
[42] Kinzo INOVE, Kenji MASUDA. Guidelines to assess the safety of marine traffic,日本航海学会论文集,1997,98:225-234
[43] 佟宝德.等.论船舶避碰自动化系统.中日航海学会论文集,1999
[44] S. Andrzej Lenart. ARPA Accuracy Testing. Journal of Navigation, Vol. 42: 117-123
[45] Intergovernmental maritime consultative organization. Performance standards for automatic radar plotting Aids(ARPA). Resolution A.422(Ⅺ), 1980
[46] 今津隼马.评价碰撞危险度的方法.航海(Japan),1984,80:55-62
[47] 原洁.操船模拟器的避让操纵研究—Ⅰ(影响避让行动的诸因素及其评价).日本航海学会论文集,1981,64:79-86
[48] 郑中义,吴兆麟.船舶避碰行为的统计和分析.中国航海学会海洋船舶驾驶委员会委员会论文集,1995-1997.94-97
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