三维机械CAD系统的二次开发技术及在风机设计中的应用
摘要
随着我国制造业的迅速发展和计算机辅助设计(CAD)技术在制造业的各个领域中应用的日益推广，这就要求CAD技术要满足多种多样的用户需求。而主流CAD软件作为商品化的通用平台，专业针对性差而不能满足这种要求，因此CAD软件的二次开发问题就成为CAD技术推广应用过程中所必须面对和解决的课题之一。这也促进了CAD及其二次开发技术的不断发展。
本文所做工作部分为甘肃省科技攻关项目《机械CAD智能工程数据库系统》的CAD系统工程部分，论文主要从以下几个方面进行了探讨和研究。
首先介绍了CAD技术的发展、在机械方面的应用以及风机技术的现状，CAD在风机设计中的应用。说明了机械CAD系统二次开发的科学依据和意义。
其次详细介绍了三维机械CAD系统二次开发的硬软件平台要求和软件开发应遵循的原则。同时分析了选用微机系统和Solidworks作为硬软件平台和选用Visual C++6.0作为开发工具的原因。以及数据库技术在CAD二次开发中的应用。
论文重点部分以开发轴承标准件库和风机系列设计为实例，详尽介绍了轴承标准件库软件开发的过程，重点和难点，着重分析了数据库中参数数据的载入，如何利用零件参数进行三维绘图等。依据相似理论进行风机系列设计，首先建立风机系列设计模板，依此模板为基础，通过VC编程来实现风机的自动化设计。此种方法新颖、灵活性较好而开发的难度不大，可以开发多系列的风机库，有很好的市场前景和工程实用价值。
最后是产品模型数据交换标准STEP的介绍和初步研究，作为本课题今后发展的一个主要方向。
With the rapid development of our country' s manufacturing and the promotion of application of CAD systems in various manufacturing fields,This require CAD technology can satisfy all kinds of users' requirement. But mainstream CAD softwares as commercial all-purpose flat, isn' t, good for idiographic speciality, can't satisfy the demand. Therefore, the question of Secondary development about CAD software become one of the tasks that we must settle for during the application of CAD systems. This accelerated CAD and Secondary development technology' s development.
This thesis is based on the science and technology project of GANSU province - THE INTELLIGENT DATABASE SYSTEM OF MECHANICAL CAD. Some topic are discussed and researched.
In the first place, the development of CAD technology, the application of CAD systems in manufacturing fields, the status of fan technology and the application of CAD systems in fan's design have been briefly introduced. The secondary development about mechanical CAD system that's technology foundation and meaning has been explained.
Secondly, the hardware and the software demand about The secondary development and The fundamental must be followed during developing of software project have been introduced in detail. At the same time the reason that microcomputer and Solidworks system have been choosed as hardware and software flat has analyzed, And Visual C++6.0 has been choosed as development tool. Database technology has been used in the project.
Thirdly, taked the the development of bearing standard library as a example, introduced at large the process of software development, and the keystone, the difficulty. Emphasized that how to input the data from database, how to protract 3-D graphics makeing use of the part's parameters. Be based fan' s similar theory, the same style and the different types, the fans' corresponding dimension is proportional, the fans' corresponding angle is equal. At first, we protract a fan as a model, when an other fan being designed, we can amend a little base on the model, the course of amend has been done by programme, this way is a new idea and flexible, the development is not very difficulty, it has very good applied value.
Finally, Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data(STEP)has been introduced and preliminary research, as the primarily direction of this question for discussion for the future.
本文所做工作部分为甘肃省科技攻关项目《机械CAD智能工程数据库系统》的CAD系统工程部分，论文主要从以下几个方面进行了探讨和研究。
首先介绍了CAD技术的发展、在机械方面的应用以及风机技术的现状，CAD在风机设计中的应用。说明了机械CAD系统二次开发的科学依据和意义。
其次详细介绍了三维机械CAD系统二次开发的硬软件平台要求和软件开发应遵循的原则。同时分析了选用微机系统和Solidworks作为硬软件平台和选用Visual C++6.0作为开发工具的原因。以及数据库技术在CAD二次开发中的应用。
论文重点部分以开发轴承标准件库和风机系列设计为实例，详尽介绍了轴承标准件库软件开发的过程，重点和难点，着重分析了数据库中参数数据的载入，如何利用零件参数进行三维绘图等。依据相似理论进行风机系列设计，首先建立风机系列设计模板，依此模板为基础，通过VC编程来实现风机的自动化设计。此种方法新颖、灵活性较好而开发的难度不大，可以开发多系列的风机库，有很好的市场前景和工程实用价值。
最后是产品模型数据交换标准STEP的介绍和初步研究，作为本课题今后发展的一个主要方向。
With the rapid development of our country' s manufacturing and the promotion of application of CAD systems in various manufacturing fields,This require CAD technology can satisfy all kinds of users' requirement. But mainstream CAD softwares as commercial all-purpose flat, isn' t, good for idiographic speciality, can't satisfy the demand. Therefore, the question of Secondary development about CAD software become one of the tasks that we must settle for during the application of CAD systems. This accelerated CAD and Secondary development technology' s development.
This thesis is based on the science and technology project of GANSU province - THE INTELLIGENT DATABASE SYSTEM OF MECHANICAL CAD. Some topic are discussed and researched.
In the first place, the development of CAD technology, the application of CAD systems in manufacturing fields, the status of fan technology and the application of CAD systems in fan's design have been briefly introduced. The secondary development about mechanical CAD system that's technology foundation and meaning has been explained.
Secondly, the hardware and the software demand about The secondary development and The fundamental must be followed during developing of software project have been introduced in detail. At the same time the reason that microcomputer and Solidworks system have been choosed as hardware and software flat has analyzed, And Visual C++6.0 has been choosed as development tool. Database technology has been used in the project.
Thirdly, taked the the development of bearing standard library as a example, introduced at large the process of software development, and the keystone, the difficulty. Emphasized that how to input the data from database, how to protract 3-D graphics makeing use of the part's parameters. Be based fan' s similar theory, the same style and the different types, the fans' corresponding dimension is proportional, the fans' corresponding angle is equal. At first, we protract a fan as a model, when an other fan being designed, we can amend a little base on the model, the course of amend has been done by programme, this way is a new idea and flexible, the development is not very difficulty, it has very good applied value.
Finally, Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data(STEP)has been introduced and preliminary research, as the primarily direction of this question for discussion for the future.
引文
1) 任军锋，杨清凯，靳文民，机械CAD的发展及应用，山西交通科技，2002．2
2) 贾喜连，CAD技术发展趋势及其研究开发热点探析，山西建筑 2002．2 VOL28 NO．2
3) 王尚锦，离心压缩机三元流动理论及应用，西安交通大学出版社，1991．
4) 聂能光；李福忠，风机节能与降噪，科学出版社，1990．
5) 吴秉礼，国外冷却塔风机综述，流体工程，1993．4．
6) 徐常武，国外通风机的技术水平与发展趋势，世界机械工业，1990．1．
7) 王青，邬义杰，夏冠华，三维CAD/CAM系统二次开发技术，江苏机械制造与自动化 2001 NO．4
8) 殷国富等，计算机辅助设计技术与应用，北京：科学技术出版社，2000：203
9) 蔡青等，CAD/CAM系统的可视化集成化智能化网络化，西安：西北工业大学出版社，1996：136
10) 王志坚等，基于Pro/Engineering的特征映射器的开发，计算机工程，2000，126(8)：24-26
11) 吴凤和，基于Solidworks的蜗轮滚刀CAD系统，燕山大学学报，2002．1 VOL26 NO．1
12) 薛江，梁丽，数据库技术在CAD系统开发中的应用，机械设计与制造，2002 NO．3
13) 陈岳坪，罗意平，王平安，用Visual C++开发Solid Works的关键技术，机械与电子 2002．2
14) 丁峰 盛步云等，用Visual C++开发Solid Works的三维标准件库，计算机工程 2000．7 VOL．26 NO．7
15) 董金祥，杨小虎，产品数据表达与交换标准STEP及其应用，北京：机械工业出版社，1993．
16) A. Goh, S.C. Hui, B. Song. An integrated environment for product development using STEP/EXPRESS. COMRUTERS IN INDUSTRY, 1996.
17) Y. DONG, C.F. CHEE, Y. HE and A. GOH, Active database support for STEP/EXPRESS model. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1997.
18) STEP Part 1, Overview and fundamental principles. ISO 10303-1, 1994
19) 德国ProSTEP公司的WEB站点：http//:www.prostep.com.de.
20) 唐荣锡，CAD/CAM技术，北京航空航天大学出版社，1994．
21) 陈德人，参数化设计模型与方法，浙江大学学报，No．2，1995．3．
22) http://www.prostep.de/index.html.
23) STEP Part11, Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual. ISO 10303-11, 1994.
24) Xue D and Dong Z, Developing a Quantitative Intelligent System for Implementing Concurrent Engineering Design. Journal of Intelligent Manufacting, p251-264,1994.
25) D XUE, S Yaday, D H Norrie. Knowledge Base and Database Representation for Intelligent Concurrent Design. Computer_aided Design, p131-145,1999.
26) Darvishi, AR and Gill, Expert System Rules for Fixture Design, InternationJournal of Prod. Res.,Vol28, No. 10,1999, p1901-1920.
27) Chang K J. Knowledge_based Process Planning for Machining Parts. PhD Dissertation, UCLA, 1989.
28) 李建军，袁娜等，叶片类零件的计算机辅助工装设计系统，机械科学与技术，VOL19 NO．4，2000
29) 童秉枢，孟明辰，李建明等，现代CAD技术．北京：清华大学出版社，2000．7：28~72
30) 李健，邓家提，基于功能的产品设计过程研究．计算机集成制造系统—CIMS，2002，8(4)：289-293．
31) 范玉青，冯秀娟，周建华，CAD软件设计[M]．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1996，9．
32) Y. C. Kao et al. CAD/CAM collaboration and remote machining[J]． Computer-Aided Design，1998．30(11)：906~918
33) 吴新媛，章翔峰，郭连水，三维参数化三维参数化CAD系统产品通用建库平台的系统产品通用建库平台的研究与实现
34) 周茂军，苏铁明，欧宗瑛，以SolidWorks为支撑软件的模具标准件库的开发，大连轻工业学院学报，VOL20 NO．4，2001
35) 伍涛，谢庆生，用Delphi对SolidWorks进行二次开发，贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版)，VOL28 NO．6，1999
36) 李存荣，彭华，郭顺生，杨明忠，基于Solidworks的寄生式设计系统研究与开发，机械设计与制造工程，第31卷第1期，2002
37) 郝蕴，VisualC++6.0开发与实例，北京：电子工业出版社，1999
38) 何小朝，沈梅，张铁昌，基于特征的通用三维参数化零件建库技术，机械工业自动化，1997
39) 盛步云，罗丹，沈永刚，基于地汽车标准件库开发，成组技术与生产现代化，第4期 总第76期，2000
40) 薛江，姚进，余波，基于功能模块设计的CAD系统，机械，2000年第27卷第5期
41) 张利，张建军，方平，基于特征的三维参数化零件库的产品开发模式，轴承NO.12，2001．
42) 刘向阳，丁昌峻，Solidworks软件的几个特点，机械设计与制造，NO．1，2001
43) 杨宁，Solidworks利用CAXA数据建立三维参数化标准件库的方法，贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版)，VOL30 NO．4，2001
44) Wilson P R, PDES/STEP Forward, IEEE Computer Graphics and Design, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1989.
45) Howard Mason, Product data exchange—The first STEP. STEP In Industry—European PDT Days'95. P5-12,1995.
46) Wilson, P. R., PDES STEPs Forword, IEES Computer Graphics and Applications, 9(2),1989.
47) P Gu and Kam Chan, Product modeling using STEP. Computer Aided Design, V27, N3, P163-179, March 1995.
48) W. Kim. Object-oriented database support for CAD. Computer Aided Design. 1990, 10.
49) D. An. H. R. Leep. H. R. Parsaei. A product Data Exchange Integration Structure Using PDES/STEP for Automated Manufacturing Applications". Computer Communication, Vol29, No1-4, P711-715, 1995.
50) tephen Sum. Dorthae Kich. Choong Fook Nyen. Development of A Framework System for Tool Integartion in A Product Information Archive. Computers In Industry. 30(1996)225-232.
51) Yunkung Chung and Gary W. Ficher. A Conceptual Structure and Issues For An Object-Oriented Bill Of Materials Data Model. Computers Industry Enginessering, 19(1992)257-270.
52) Lee kunwoo, Gossard David C. A hierachical data structure for representing assemblies. Computer Aided Design, 1985, 17(1: 15-19.
2) 贾喜连，CAD技术发展趋势及其研究开发热点探析，山西建筑 2002．2 VOL28 NO．2
3) 王尚锦，离心压缩机三元流动理论及应用，西安交通大学出版社，1991．
4) 聂能光；李福忠，风机节能与降噪，科学出版社，1990．
5) 吴秉礼，国外冷却塔风机综述，流体工程，1993．4．
6) 徐常武，国外通风机的技术水平与发展趋势，世界机械工业，1990．1．
7) 王青，邬义杰，夏冠华，三维CAD/CAM系统二次开发技术，江苏机械制造与自动化 2001 NO．4
8) 殷国富等，计算机辅助设计技术与应用，北京：科学技术出版社，2000：203
9) 蔡青等，CAD/CAM系统的可视化集成化智能化网络化，西安：西北工业大学出版社，1996：136
10) 王志坚等，基于Pro/Engineering的特征映射器的开发，计算机工程，2000，126(8)：24-26
11) 吴凤和，基于Solidworks的蜗轮滚刀CAD系统，燕山大学学报，2002．1 VOL26 NO．1
12) 薛江，梁丽，数据库技术在CAD系统开发中的应用，机械设计与制造，2002 NO．3
13) 陈岳坪，罗意平，王平安，用Visual C++开发Solid Works的关键技术，机械与电子 2002．2
14) 丁峰 盛步云等，用Visual C++开发Solid Works的三维标准件库，计算机工程 2000．7 VOL．26 NO．7
15) 董金祥，杨小虎，产品数据表达与交换标准STEP及其应用，北京：机械工业出版社，1993．
16) A. Goh, S.C. Hui, B. Song. An integrated environment for product development using STEP/EXPRESS. COMRUTERS IN INDUSTRY, 1996.
17) Y. DONG, C.F. CHEE, Y. HE and A. GOH, Active database support for STEP/EXPRESS model. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1997.
18) STEP Part 1, Overview and fundamental principles. ISO 10303-1, 1994
19) 德国ProSTEP公司的WEB站点：http//:www.prostep.com.de.
20) 唐荣锡，CAD/CAM技术，北京航空航天大学出版社，1994．
21) 陈德人，参数化设计模型与方法，浙江大学学报，No．2，1995．3．
22) http://www.prostep.de/index.html.
23) STEP Part11, Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual. ISO 10303-11, 1994.
24) Xue D and Dong Z, Developing a Quantitative Intelligent System for Implementing Concurrent Engineering Design. Journal of Intelligent Manufacting, p251-264,1994.
25) D XUE, S Yaday, D H Norrie. Knowledge Base and Database Representation for Intelligent Concurrent Design. Computer_aided Design, p131-145,1999.
26) Darvishi, AR and Gill, Expert System Rules for Fixture Design, InternationJournal of Prod. Res.,Vol28, No. 10,1999, p1901-1920.
27) Chang K J. Knowledge_based Process Planning for Machining Parts. PhD Dissertation, UCLA, 1989.
28) 李建军，袁娜等，叶片类零件的计算机辅助工装设计系统，机械科学与技术，VOL19 NO．4，2000
29) 童秉枢，孟明辰，李建明等，现代CAD技术．北京：清华大学出版社，2000．7：28~72
30) 李健，邓家提，基于功能的产品设计过程研究．计算机集成制造系统—CIMS，2002，8(4)：289-293．
31) 范玉青，冯秀娟，周建华，CAD软件设计[M]．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，1996，9．
32) Y. C. Kao et al. CAD/CAM collaboration and remote machining[J]． Computer-Aided Design，1998．30(11)：906~918
33) 吴新媛，章翔峰，郭连水，三维参数化三维参数化CAD系统产品通用建库平台的系统产品通用建库平台的研究与实现
34) 周茂军，苏铁明，欧宗瑛，以SolidWorks为支撑软件的模具标准件库的开发，大连轻工业学院学报，VOL20 NO．4，2001
35) 伍涛，谢庆生，用Delphi对SolidWorks进行二次开发，贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版)，VOL28 NO．6，1999
36) 李存荣，彭华，郭顺生，杨明忠，基于Solidworks的寄生式设计系统研究与开发，机械设计与制造工程，第31卷第1期，2002
37) 郝蕴，VisualC++6.0开发与实例，北京：电子工业出版社，1999
38) 何小朝，沈梅，张铁昌，基于特征的通用三维参数化零件建库技术，机械工业自动化，1997
39) 盛步云，罗丹，沈永刚，基于地汽车标准件库开发，成组技术与生产现代化，第4期 总第76期，2000
40) 薛江，姚进，余波，基于功能模块设计的CAD系统，机械，2000年第27卷第5期
41) 张利，张建军，方平，基于特征的三维参数化零件库的产品开发模式，轴承NO.12，2001．
42) 刘向阳，丁昌峻，Solidworks软件的几个特点，机械设计与制造，NO．1，2001
43) 杨宁，Solidworks利用CAXA数据建立三维参数化标准件库的方法，贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版)，VOL30 NO．4，2001
44) Wilson P R, PDES/STEP Forward, IEEE Computer Graphics and Design, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1989.
45) Howard Mason, Product data exchange—The first STEP. STEP In Industry—European PDT Days'95. P5-12,1995.
46) Wilson, P. R., PDES STEPs Forword, IEES Computer Graphics and Applications, 9(2),1989.
47) P Gu and Kam Chan, Product modeling using STEP. Computer Aided Design, V27, N3, P163-179, March 1995.
48) W. Kim. Object-oriented database support for CAD. Computer Aided Design. 1990, 10.
49) D. An. H. R. Leep. H. R. Parsaei. A product Data Exchange Integration Structure Using PDES/STEP for Automated Manufacturing Applications". Computer Communication, Vol29, No1-4, P711-715, 1995.
50) tephen Sum. Dorthae Kich. Choong Fook Nyen. Development of A Framework System for Tool Integartion in A Product Information Archive. Computers In Industry. 30(1996)225-232.
51) Yunkung Chung and Gary W. Ficher. A Conceptual Structure and Issues For An Object-Oriented Bill Of Materials Data Model. Computers Industry Enginessering, 19(1992)257-270.
52) Lee kunwoo, Gossard David C. A hierachical data structure for representing assemblies. Computer Aided Design, 1985, 17(1: 15-19.