医院波形类仪器DICOM支持的研究
摘要
DICOM是针对医院内图像／波形等二进制数据的一个规范化标准，对波形的支持是DICOM近来新增的内容。本课题研究的提出，目的在于解决波形类设备与其它系统间的互操作性，使得：
·不用考虑不同厂家仪器之间的格式的差异；使医疗信息数据可充分共享；
·易于和HIS、PACS系统集成为一体化的大的医疗信息系统：
·方便查询检索，易于管理；大大提高医院的工作效率。
为达到这一目的，在PC机上开发了DCM-WV软件包，对波形类仪器的DICOM支持做了初步研究：
完成波形的信息对象定义，这是解决波形类仪器支持DICOM标准的第一步。给出了应用中波形类(血流动力波形和心电波形)的信息对象定义。既满足了系统间互操作的需要，又为实现医疗信息的共享打下了基础。
实现波形类对象实例的封装。支持嵌套数据集；可以支持不同的传输句法，以适应不同的应用环境，便于和其它系统集成在一起。
提供了服务类操作，使之能与其它系统交互。可构造或解析消息，存储波形对象实例，或对收到的消息做出相应的响应。
提供了PDU服务来完成消息的发送。PDU服务包括连接协商、释放连接、中止连接、传送数据等。
这只是对医院波形类仪器的DICOM支持做出的初步研究，实际应用时还有一些细节问题(如向仪器的移植等)，将在以后进一步解决。
DICOM is a normalized standard for clinical binary data, and now waveform support has been involved. The research of this subject aimed at facilitate waveform equipments' interoperability with other systems, thus we can:
Conveniently sharing medical information without bothering about the difference of data format laid down by different vendors;
Easily integrated with HIS, PACS;
Simplified query/retrieval and management; Greatly improve work efficiency in hospital.
For these aims, preliminary research has been carried and DCM-WV software package has been developed:
The definition of waveform information object (include haemodynamics waveform and electrocardiogram) has been accomplished. That is the first step to fulfil DICOM-support of waveform equipment. The given waveform information object definition can match the requirement of interoperability between systems, and made it possible for sharing the medical information.
Encapsulate module for waveform object instance has been completed. Support nested data set and multi transport syntax, thus can be used in variable environment. These enhanced it's adaptability, and made it easy to integrate with other system.
Service class operation has been provided, so that it can communicate with other systems. Can construct and parse message, or store waveform object instance, and also make corresponding response to the received message.
PDU service has been offered. PDU services include association, release, abort
and data transfer.
These are preliminary research on DICOM support of clinical waveform equipment, and there are still detail questions need to be solved (when transplant) in the future.
·不用考虑不同厂家仪器之间的格式的差异；使医疗信息数据可充分共享；
·易于和HIS、PACS系统集成为一体化的大的医疗信息系统：
·方便查询检索，易于管理；大大提高医院的工作效率。
为达到这一目的，在PC机上开发了DCM-WV软件包，对波形类仪器的DICOM支持做了初步研究：
完成波形的信息对象定义，这是解决波形类仪器支持DICOM标准的第一步。给出了应用中波形类(血流动力波形和心电波形)的信息对象定义。既满足了系统间互操作的需要，又为实现医疗信息的共享打下了基础。
实现波形类对象实例的封装。支持嵌套数据集；可以支持不同的传输句法，以适应不同的应用环境，便于和其它系统集成在一起。
提供了服务类操作，使之能与其它系统交互。可构造或解析消息，存储波形对象实例，或对收到的消息做出相应的响应。
提供了PDU服务来完成消息的发送。PDU服务包括连接协商、释放连接、中止连接、传送数据等。
这只是对医院波形类仪器的DICOM支持做出的初步研究，实际应用时还有一些细节问题(如向仪器的移植等)，将在以后进一步解决。
DICOM is a normalized standard for clinical binary data, and now waveform support has been involved. The research of this subject aimed at facilitate waveform equipments' interoperability with other systems, thus we can:
Conveniently sharing medical information without bothering about the difference of data format laid down by different vendors;
Easily integrated with HIS, PACS;
Simplified query/retrieval and management; Greatly improve work efficiency in hospital.
For these aims, preliminary research has been carried and DCM-WV software package has been developed:
The definition of waveform information object (include haemodynamics waveform and electrocardiogram) has been accomplished. That is the first step to fulfil DICOM-support of waveform equipment. The given waveform information object definition can match the requirement of interoperability between systems, and made it possible for sharing the medical information.
Encapsulate module for waveform object instance has been completed. Support nested data set and multi transport syntax, thus can be used in variable environment. These enhanced it's adaptability, and made it easy to integrate with other system.
Service class operation has been provided, so that it can communicate with other systems. Can construct and parse message, or store waveform object instance, and also make corresponding response to the received message.
PDU service has been offered. PDU services include association, release, abort
and data transfer.
These are preliminary research on DICOM support of clinical waveform equipment, and there are still detail questions need to be solved (when transplant) in the future.
引文
1 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.1 Part 1:Introduction and Overview. NEMA. 2000
2 Peter Mildenberger, Marco Eichelberg, et. Introduction to the DICOM standard.European Radiology. 2002, 12:920～927
3 王志远，余厚军等．医学图像通讯标准 DICOM 原理与应用(一)．现代医用影像学．2000，9(2)：84～87
4 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.2 Part 2:Conformance. NEMA. 2000
5 张鲁闽．HIS和PACS集成的DICOM方式．医学影像图像处理．2002，15(2)：78～79
6 童明杰，胡大可等．认知医学数字图像通讯标准——DICOM．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1999，22(5)：303～307
7 张强，辛咏萍．医院信息系统(HIS)及具相关问题．医疗设备信息．2001，6：27～45
8 HL7-IEEE-DICOM-cooperation. http://medical.nema.org/Dicom. 2002
9 Hludov, S., Meinel, C. DICOM-image compression. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 1999, 12:282～287
10 Amor, N.B., Essoukri, N., etc. DICOM image compression by wavelet transform.IEEE. 2002(2): 553～557
11 Wahle, A., Builtjes, J.H., etc. Secure inter-institutional image communication by using DICOM-to-DICOM gateways.Computers in Cardiology. 1996(9):309～312
12 Wahle, A., Builtjes, J.H., etc. DICOM-integration in a heterogeneous environment.Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.1996(10): 1228～1229
13 M. Echeverria, D. Bandon et. eMEDIBOX: a secure DICOM communication based on internet plug-in. International Congress Series 1230 (2001) 1271-1272
14 徐亚洲．基于DICOM标准的PACS系统．硕士．2002：8～12
15 胡阳秋，高小榕等．DICOM医学数字图像采集的方法与实践．北京生物医学工程．2001，20：1～5
16 胡阳秋，高小榕等．医学图像DICOM格式转换软件的设计与实现．北京生物医学工程．2000，19：193～197
17 林天毅，段会龙等．WWW和DICOM网关的实现．生物医学工程杂志．1999，16(3)：333～338
18 林天毅，陈思平等．数字彩超标准化接口的研究开发．生物医学工程学杂志．2001，18：100～104
19 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.3 Part 3:Information Object Definitions. NEMA. 2000
20 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.4 Part 4:Service Class Specifications. NEMA. 2000
21 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.5: Data Structures and Encoding. NEMA. 2000
22 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.6 Part 6: Data Dictionary. NEMA. 2000
23 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.7 Part 7: Message Exchange. NEMA. 2000
24 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.8 Part 8: Network Communication Suport for Message Exchange. NEMA. 2000
25 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.10 Part 10:Media Storage and File Format for Media Intetchange. NEMA. 2000
26 林天毅，陈思平等．医学数字图像通讯标准的实现．中国医学影像技术．2000，16：802～804
27 王志远，余厚军等．医学图像通讯标准DICOM原理与应用(二)．现代医用影像学．2000，9(3)：134～137
28 王志远，余厚军等．医学图像通讯标准DICOM原理与应用(三)．现代医
用影像学．2000，9(4)：177～179
29 冯锡钢，江贵平等．非DICOM设备标准化的实现技术．北京生物医学工程．2002，21：38～61
30 全海英，杨源等．DICOM数据集和DCM文件格式．计算机应用．2001，21(8)：145～146
31 何斌，金永杰等．按照DICOM标准制定核医学图像文凭格式．核电子学与探测技术．2001，21(6)：440～443
32 王岩，田杰等．DICOM通讯机制的设计与实现．计算机应用研究．2000，12：63～64
33 王中锋，徐明．DICOM网络通信模型的设计与实现．2001，27(6)：120～122
34 张利浩，王勇等．医学数字成像与通讯标准上层协议的设计与实现．2002，36(2)：177～181
35 王岩，田杰等．DICOM-医疗设备间通讯的标准．中国医学影像技术．2000，17(10)：1016～1019
36 邱力军，石明国等．CT数字影像DICOM接口技术的研究．第四军医大学学报．2001，22：22～24
37 T Becker, ET van der Velde, et. The Development of an Application Profile for DICOM Waveforms in the Cathlab. Computers in Cardiology. 1999,26:97～99
38 Gonzqlez-Marquez, A Martinez-Martinez, et. Library Development for a DICOM Information Model. Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 2002, 3:2207～2208
39 N.J.G. Brown, K.E. Britton et. Standardisation in medical image management.International Journal of Medical Informatics 48 (1998) 227-238
40 James D. Thomas. The DICOM image formatting standard: its role in echocardiography and angiography. International Journal of Cardiac Imaging.1998, 14: 1～6,.
41 Johan H.C. Reiber, Gerhard Koning. The effect of DICOM on QCA and clinical trials. International Journal of Cardiac Imaging. 1998, 14: 7～12.
42 Hua-lei Zhang, Steven L.Fritz, et. Class Library Design for DICOM in C++. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 1995, 1:435～436
43 Von Land, C.D., Lashin, V. et. Object-oriented design of the DICOM standard and its application to cardiovascular imaging. Computers in Cardiology. 1997,9:645～648
44 M H Baljon, M G J M Gerritsen, et. DICOM Application Profiler for Modeling and Checking Datasets. Computer in Cardiology. 1996, 9:305～307
45 M.G.Gerritsen, W.A.Dijk, et. A low cost DICOM review station for cardiac surgery. Computers in Cardiology. 1998,9:473～476
46 Hludov, S., Meinel, C. DICOM-image compression. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 1999, 12:282～287
47 Gerritsen, M.G.J.M., van der Putten, N.. General DICOM PACS server for echocardiography images. Computers in Cardiology 1999:431～434
2 Peter Mildenberger, Marco Eichelberg, et. Introduction to the DICOM standard.European Radiology. 2002, 12:920～927
3 王志远，余厚军等．医学图像通讯标准 DICOM 原理与应用(一)．现代医用影像学．2000，9(2)：84～87
4 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.2 Part 2:Conformance. NEMA. 2000
5 张鲁闽．HIS和PACS集成的DICOM方式．医学影像图像处理．2002，15(2)：78～79
6 童明杰，胡大可等．认知医学数字图像通讯标准——DICOM．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1999，22(5)：303～307
7 张强，辛咏萍．医院信息系统(HIS)及具相关问题．医疗设备信息．2001，6：27～45
8 HL7-IEEE-DICOM-cooperation. http://medical.nema.org/Dicom. 2002
9 Hludov, S., Meinel, C. DICOM-image compression. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 1999, 12:282～287
10 Amor, N.B., Essoukri, N., etc. DICOM image compression by wavelet transform.IEEE. 2002(2): 553～557
11 Wahle, A., Builtjes, J.H., etc. Secure inter-institutional image communication by using DICOM-to-DICOM gateways.Computers in Cardiology. 1996(9):309～312
12 Wahle, A., Builtjes, J.H., etc. DICOM-integration in a heterogeneous environment.Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.1996(10): 1228～1229
13 M. Echeverria, D. Bandon et. eMEDIBOX: a secure DICOM communication based on internet plug-in. International Congress Series 1230 (2001) 1271-1272
14 徐亚洲．基于DICOM标准的PACS系统．硕士．2002：8～12
15 胡阳秋，高小榕等．DICOM医学数字图像采集的方法与实践．北京生物医学工程．2001，20：1～5
16 胡阳秋，高小榕等．医学图像DICOM格式转换软件的设计与实现．北京生物医学工程．2000，19：193～197
17 林天毅，段会龙等．WWW和DICOM网关的实现．生物医学工程杂志．1999，16(3)：333～338
18 林天毅，陈思平等．数字彩超标准化接口的研究开发．生物医学工程学杂志．2001，18：100～104
19 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.3 Part 3:Information Object Definitions. NEMA. 2000
20 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.4 Part 4:Service Class Specifications. NEMA. 2000
21 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.5: Data Structures and Encoding. NEMA. 2000
22 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.6 Part 6: Data Dictionary. NEMA. 2000
23 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.7 Part 7: Message Exchange. NEMA. 2000
24 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.8 Part 8: Network Communication Suport for Message Exchange. NEMA. 2000
25 Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM), PS3.10 Part 10:Media Storage and File Format for Media Intetchange. NEMA. 2000
26 林天毅，陈思平等．医学数字图像通讯标准的实现．中国医学影像技术．2000，16：802～804
27 王志远，余厚军等．医学图像通讯标准DICOM原理与应用(二)．现代医用影像学．2000，9(3)：134～137
28 王志远，余厚军等．医学图像通讯标准DICOM原理与应用(三)．现代医
用影像学．2000，9(4)：177～179
29 冯锡钢，江贵平等．非DICOM设备标准化的实现技术．北京生物医学工程．2002，21：38～61
30 全海英，杨源等．DICOM数据集和DCM文件格式．计算机应用．2001，21(8)：145～146
31 何斌，金永杰等．按照DICOM标准制定核医学图像文凭格式．核电子学与探测技术．2001，21(6)：440～443
32 王岩，田杰等．DICOM通讯机制的设计与实现．计算机应用研究．2000，12：63～64
33 王中锋，徐明．DICOM网络通信模型的设计与实现．2001，27(6)：120～122
34 张利浩，王勇等．医学数字成像与通讯标准上层协议的设计与实现．2002，36(2)：177～181
35 王岩，田杰等．DICOM-医疗设备间通讯的标准．中国医学影像技术．2000，17(10)：1016～1019
36 邱力军，石明国等．CT数字影像DICOM接口技术的研究．第四军医大学学报．2001，22：22～24
37 T Becker, ET van der Velde, et. The Development of an Application Profile for DICOM Waveforms in the Cathlab. Computers in Cardiology. 1999,26:97～99
38 Gonzqlez-Marquez, A Martinez-Martinez, et. Library Development for a DICOM Information Model. Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 2002, 3:2207～2208
39 N.J.G. Brown, K.E. Britton et. Standardisation in medical image management.International Journal of Medical Informatics 48 (1998) 227-238
40 James D. Thomas. The DICOM image formatting standard: its role in echocardiography and angiography. International Journal of Cardiac Imaging.1998, 14: 1～6,.
41 Johan H.C. Reiber, Gerhard Koning. The effect of DICOM on QCA and clinical trials. International Journal of Cardiac Imaging. 1998, 14: 7～12.
42 Hua-lei Zhang, Steven L.Fritz, et. Class Library Design for DICOM in C++. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 1995, 1:435～436
43 Von Land, C.D., Lashin, V. et. Object-oriented design of the DICOM standard and its application to cardiovascular imaging. Computers in Cardiology. 1997,9:645～648
44 M H Baljon, M G J M Gerritsen, et. DICOM Application Profiler for Modeling and Checking Datasets. Computer in Cardiology. 1996, 9:305～307
45 M.G.Gerritsen, W.A.Dijk, et. A low cost DICOM review station for cardiac surgery. Computers in Cardiology. 1998,9:473～476
46 Hludov, S., Meinel, C. DICOM-image compression. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 1999, 12:282～287
47 Gerritsen, M.G.J.M., van der Putten, N.. General DICOM PACS server for echocardiography images. Computers in Cardiology 1999:431～434