基于DICOM通讯标准介质存储功能的研究
摘要
随着医院信息和医学影像资料的不断扩张和计算机网络在医院的逐渐普及，为实现各影像单元与子系统间异源影像数据和相关信息的成功交流、资源共享和无胶片化管理，促进不同操作平台的信息交换，以C++为编程语言、Microsoft VisualC++6.0为开发平台，研发了实现DICOM介质存储功能的应用程序。经过程序测试，应用程序实现了对DICOM文件集的创建、修改和更新功能，并通过DICOMDIR目录文件，实现了对DICOM文件的管理功能。
采用面向对象的分析方法，立足DICOM数据格式，围绕DICOM数据元素、DICOM文件格式、DICOM文件服务、介质存储服务类和基本目录对象定义，构建了DICOM介质存储系统的对象模型，表明了目标系统的静态数据结构；构建了描述对象模型中对象合法变化序列的动态模型，反映了系统实现的状态变换过程；针对对象模型中对象之间的依赖关系和数据处理功能构建了功能模型，并用数据流图展示了系统功能。
结合系统数据结构、用户与系统交互行为和系统数据处理功能，概要设计了系统的组织和结构；采用面向对象的设计方法，围绕问题域子系统和人机交互了系统，建立了求解空间的对象模型；
程序设计围绕DICOM文件服务功能，实现了核心类的构造和封装以及DICOM文件的读、写、修改等基本操作。应用程序通过功能测试，以正确的数据结构实现了DICOMDIR和文件集的构造；正确显示了DICOMDIR的树型结构，对DICOM图像不仅显示了图像像素信息，还显示出了相关的病人、检查、系列等相关信息。
To realize successful communication ,sharing and management without films of imaging data and related information between heterogeneous medical imaging units and systems and promote the information exchange between different operation platforms, implemented the application programs which could realize the function of the DICOM media storage on the platform of Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 with the language of C++, on the condition that there is the expansion of hospital information and medical imaging materials and the gradual prevalence of computer network in the hospital. Through the test, the application programs realize the function of creating, and updating DICOM file set and the management of DICOM files by resorting to the DICOMDIR file.
Adopted the object oriented analyzing method to construct the object model which showed the system's data structure, the dynamic model which described the well-formed change alignment of objects and the process of the shift of states and the function model which described the function of the data process with the data flow diagram based on the DICOM data format, encircling the DICOM file format, file services, media storage service classes and the basic directory object definition.
Outlined the system's structure and organization combining the data structure, alternating actions between the user and the system and the system's data process function. Adopted the object oriented design method to construct the object model of the solution space around the problem domain sub-system and the alternating sub-system of the user and the computer.
The design of the programs realized the construction and package of core classes and basic operations such as read, write and change DICOM files based on the DICOM file services. Through the function test, the application programs realized the construction of the DICOMDIR and the file set with the right data structure, correctly showed tree structure of the DICOMDIR and also showed the image's pixel information, related information of the patient, the study and the series.
采用面向对象的分析方法，立足DICOM数据格式，围绕DICOM数据元素、DICOM文件格式、DICOM文件服务、介质存储服务类和基本目录对象定义，构建了DICOM介质存储系统的对象模型，表明了目标系统的静态数据结构；构建了描述对象模型中对象合法变化序列的动态模型，反映了系统实现的状态变换过程；针对对象模型中对象之间的依赖关系和数据处理功能构建了功能模型，并用数据流图展示了系统功能。
结合系统数据结构、用户与系统交互行为和系统数据处理功能，概要设计了系统的组织和结构；采用面向对象的设计方法，围绕问题域子系统和人机交互了系统，建立了求解空间的对象模型；
程序设计围绕DICOM文件服务功能，实现了核心类的构造和封装以及DICOM文件的读、写、修改等基本操作。应用程序通过功能测试，以正确的数据结构实现了DICOMDIR和文件集的构造；正确显示了DICOMDIR的树型结构，对DICOM图像不仅显示了图像像素信息，还显示出了相关的病人、检查、系列等相关信息。
To realize successful communication ,sharing and management without films of imaging data and related information between heterogeneous medical imaging units and systems and promote the information exchange between different operation platforms, implemented the application programs which could realize the function of the DICOM media storage on the platform of Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 with the language of C++, on the condition that there is the expansion of hospital information and medical imaging materials and the gradual prevalence of computer network in the hospital. Through the test, the application programs realize the function of creating, and updating DICOM file set and the management of DICOM files by resorting to the DICOMDIR file.
Adopted the object oriented analyzing method to construct the object model which showed the system's data structure, the dynamic model which described the well-formed change alignment of objects and the process of the shift of states and the function model which described the function of the data process with the data flow diagram based on the DICOM data format, encircling the DICOM file format, file services, media storage service classes and the basic directory object definition.
Outlined the system's structure and organization combining the data structure, alternating actions between the user and the system and the system's data process function. Adopted the object oriented design method to construct the object model of the solution space around the problem domain sub-system and the alternating sub-system of the user and the computer.
The design of the programs realized the construction and package of core classes and basic operations such as read, write and change DICOM files based on the DICOM file services. Through the function test, the application programs realized the construction of the DICOMDIR and the file set with the right data structure, correctly showed tree structure of the DICOMDIR and also showed the image's pixel information, related information of the patient, the study and the series.
引文
[1] M.H. Baljon, M.G.J.M. Gerritsen. DICOM application profiler for modelling and checking DICOM datasets.Computers in Cardiology. 1996.305-307
[2] 陶勇浩，缪兢陶等．医学数字影像传输系统间互联及互操作性的初步实践．中华放射学杂志．1999．33(12)．807-809
[3] 冯锡钢，江贵平等．非DICOM设备标准化的实现技术．北京生物医学工程．2002．21(1)．38-39
[4] 林天毅，段会龙等．医学数字图像通讯(DICOM)标准及在我国的实施策略．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1998．21(2)．65-72
[5] 王保华，罗立民．生物医学电子学高级教程．南京．东南大学出版社．2000
[6] Jyh-Charn Liu, M.Freckleton. On the Portable Remote Diagnostic Information and Telemedicine System. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 13th IEEE Symposium .2000.33-55
[7] N.L.Greenberg, P.L. Castro. Digital echocardiographic communication using multivendor networked DICOM devices. Computers in Cardiology. 2000.279-282
[8] L.Vorwerk, C.Meinel. A multimedia-editor for making findings in radiology. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 2000. 297 -302
[9] S.Khludov, L.Vorwerk, C. Meinel. Internet-orientated medical information system for DICOM-data transfer, visualization and revision. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 2000.293-296
[10] T.Hilbel, M.A.Reiter,Advantages of a cardiac DICOM network server/writer for viewing and permanent CD-R archiving of cardiovascular X-ray angiography images. Computers in Cardiology.2000. 649 -652
[11] T.Becker, R.Simon. Digital image data transmission over long distances using image compression and broadband ISDN. Computers in Cardiology .2001. 687 -689
[12] T.Becker, D.Onnasch, R.Simon. Interoperability for image and non-image data in the DICOM standard investigated from different vendor implementations. Computers in Cardiology. 2001. 675 -678
[13] L.A.Ribeiro, P.R.Dellani. CyclopsDistMedDB. - a transparent gateway for distributed medical data access in dicom format. Computer-Based Medical Systems.2002.315 -320
[14] M.G.J.M.Gerritsen,; F.M. van Rappard. DICOM CD-R, your guarantee to interchangeability. Computers in Cardiology. 7-10 Sep 1997. 175 -178
[15] M.G.J.M.Gerritsen, N.van der Putten. General DICOM PACS server for echocardiography images. Computers in Cardiology. 1999. 431 -434
[16] K.Inamura, H.Kondoh, H.Takeda. Development and operation of PACS/teleradiology in Japan. IEEE Communications Magazine. 1996.34 (7) .46 -51
[17] Junchul Chun, Jaegi Son. A CORBA-based telemedicine system for medical image analysis and modeling. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 14th IEEE Symposium .2001.53 -58
[18] S.Nedevschi, D.Olinic. Feature based retrieval of echocardiographic images using DICOM structured reporting. Computers in Cardiology. 2001. 679 -682
[19] G.Barlas, S.Kostomanolakis. DICOM image compression using a hierarchy of predictors. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE.2001.3. 2445 -2448
[20] J.Pereira, A. Lamelo. Design and implementation of a dicom pacs with secure access via internet. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE .2001.4. 3724 -3727
[21] M.Parvis, C. Gulotta, R.Torchio. Portable system for fast lung function test. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC 2001, Proceedings of the 18th IEEE.2001.1.27 -31
[22] R.K.Stasiu, G.L.Bichinho. Components proposal for medical images and HIS. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 2001.73 -78
[23] R.A.Moreno, S.S.Furuie. Integration of heterogeneous systems via dicom and the clinical image access service. Computers in Cardiology.2002. 385 -388
[24] A.Gonzalez-Marquez, A.Martinez-Martinez. Library development for a dicom-information model. Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society.2002.3. 2207 -2208
[25] 赵喜平，郑崇勋等．PACS的发展趋势．中华放射学杂志．1998．32(1)．5-7
[26] 陶勇浩，缪竞陶．医学影像存储与传输系统中影像数据流的管理及其实现方式．中华放射学杂忠．2002．36(10)．901-903
[27] 郝富德，段新林等．多PC机存储系统—医学影像存储与传输系统海量存储解决方案．中华放射学杂志2002．36(6)．498-502
[28] 傅海鸿．PACS效益评估模型．中华放射学杂志．1998．32(1)．44-47
[29] 缪竞陶，陶勇浩等．放射科DICOM标准PACS的设计与实现．中华放射学杂志．1998．32(8)．564-566
[30] 林天毅，毕亚雷等．PACS与HIS／RIS集成及其在我国实现的相关问题．医学影像学杂志．1999．(4)．216-220
[31] 赵喜平，毛松寿等．医学影像存档与通信系统的标准化．实用放射学杂志．1998．14(1)．45-46
[32] 王伟，王东辉．远程医疗会诊的国内外现状及系统研究．医学信息．1999．12(3)．31-33
[33] 林天毅，段会龙等．远程医疗信息系统的应用及相关问题．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1998．21．(4)．202-206
[34] 张翠英，张尚军．医疗信息交换标准——HL7．生物医学工程学杂志．2001．18．(1)．111-115
[35] 邱力军，石明国等．CT数字影像DICOM接口技术的研究．第四军医大学学报．2001．22(Suppl)．22-24
[36] 何斌，金永杰．按照DICOM标准制定核医学图像文件格式．核电子学与探测技术．2001．21(6)．440-443
[37] 胡阳秋，高小榕．医学图像DICOM格式转换软件的设计与实现．北京生物医学工程．2000．19(4)．193-197
[38] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.3 Part 3: Information Object Definitions. Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[39] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.1 Part 1: Introduction and Overview. Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[40] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.5 Part 5: Data Structure and Encoding.Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[41] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.6 Part 6: Data Dictionary.Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[42] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.4 Part 4: Service Class Specifications.Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[43] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.10 Part 10: Media Storage and File Format for Data Interchange. Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[44] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.12 Part 12: Media Formats and Physical Media for Data Interchange.Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[45] 宋焕章 王保恒 张春元．计算机原理与设计(下册)——存储与外设．北京．国防科技大学出版社．1999
[46] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.11 Part 11: Media Storage Application Profiles.Virginia:NEMA,1999
[47] 张海藩．软件工程．北京．人民邮电出版社．2002
[48] 孙树清，陈萍．可录型光盘与菁染料光存储媒体的研究进展．化学通报．1999．(6)．20-24
[49] 张晓莉，罗文颉等．数据结构和算法．北京．机械工业出版社．2002
[50] 田子睿，刘旭宏等．医疗信息系统技术结构的现状与发展．北京生物医学工程．2002．21(3)．234-237
[51] 胡发明．电子医疗信息的法律问题．国外医学医院管理分册．2001(4)．177-178
[2] 陶勇浩，缪兢陶等．医学数字影像传输系统间互联及互操作性的初步实践．中华放射学杂志．1999．33(12)．807-809
[3] 冯锡钢，江贵平等．非DICOM设备标准化的实现技术．北京生物医学工程．2002．21(1)．38-39
[4] 林天毅，段会龙等．医学数字图像通讯(DICOM)标准及在我国的实施策略．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1998．21(2)．65-72
[5] 王保华，罗立民．生物医学电子学高级教程．南京．东南大学出版社．2000
[6] Jyh-Charn Liu, M.Freckleton. On the Portable Remote Diagnostic Information and Telemedicine System. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 13th IEEE Symposium .2000.33-55
[7] N.L.Greenberg, P.L. Castro. Digital echocardiographic communication using multivendor networked DICOM devices. Computers in Cardiology. 2000.279-282
[8] L.Vorwerk, C.Meinel. A multimedia-editor for making findings in radiology. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 2000. 297 -302
[9] S.Khludov, L.Vorwerk, C. Meinel. Internet-orientated medical information system for DICOM-data transfer, visualization and revision. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 2000.293-296
[10] T.Hilbel, M.A.Reiter,Advantages of a cardiac DICOM network server/writer for viewing and permanent CD-R archiving of cardiovascular X-ray angiography images. Computers in Cardiology.2000. 649 -652
[11] T.Becker, R.Simon. Digital image data transmission over long distances using image compression and broadband ISDN. Computers in Cardiology .2001. 687 -689
[12] T.Becker, D.Onnasch, R.Simon. Interoperability for image and non-image data in the DICOM standard investigated from different vendor implementations. Computers in Cardiology. 2001. 675 -678
[13] L.A.Ribeiro, P.R.Dellani. CyclopsDistMedDB. - a transparent gateway for distributed medical data access in dicom format. Computer-Based Medical Systems.2002.315 -320
[14] M.G.J.M.Gerritsen,; F.M. van Rappard. DICOM CD-R, your guarantee to interchangeability. Computers in Cardiology. 7-10 Sep 1997. 175 -178
[15] M.G.J.M.Gerritsen, N.van der Putten. General DICOM PACS server for echocardiography images. Computers in Cardiology. 1999. 431 -434
[16] K.Inamura, H.Kondoh, H.Takeda. Development and operation of PACS/teleradiology in Japan. IEEE Communications Magazine. 1996.34 (7) .46 -51
[17] Junchul Chun, Jaegi Son. A CORBA-based telemedicine system for medical image analysis and modeling. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 14th IEEE Symposium .2001.53 -58
[18] S.Nedevschi, D.Olinic. Feature based retrieval of echocardiographic images using DICOM structured reporting. Computers in Cardiology. 2001. 679 -682
[19] G.Barlas, S.Kostomanolakis. DICOM image compression using a hierarchy of predictors. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE.2001.3. 2445 -2448
[20] J.Pereira, A. Lamelo. Design and implementation of a dicom pacs with secure access via internet. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE .2001.4. 3724 -3727
[21] M.Parvis, C. Gulotta, R.Torchio. Portable system for fast lung function test. Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC 2001, Proceedings of the 18th IEEE.2001.1.27 -31
[22] R.K.Stasiu, G.L.Bichinho. Components proposal for medical images and HIS. Computer-Based Medical Systems. 2001.73 -78
[23] R.A.Moreno, S.S.Furuie. Integration of heterogeneous systems via dicom and the clinical image access service. Computers in Cardiology.2002. 385 -388
[24] A.Gonzalez-Marquez, A.Martinez-Martinez. Library development for a dicom-information model. Engineering in Medicine and Biology. 24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society.2002.3. 2207 -2208
[25] 赵喜平，郑崇勋等．PACS的发展趋势．中华放射学杂志．1998．32(1)．5-7
[26] 陶勇浩，缪竞陶．医学影像存储与传输系统中影像数据流的管理及其实现方式．中华放射学杂忠．2002．36(10)．901-903
[27] 郝富德，段新林等．多PC机存储系统—医学影像存储与传输系统海量存储解决方案．中华放射学杂志2002．36(6)．498-502
[28] 傅海鸿．PACS效益评估模型．中华放射学杂志．1998．32(1)．44-47
[29] 缪竞陶，陶勇浩等．放射科DICOM标准PACS的设计与实现．中华放射学杂志．1998．32(8)．564-566
[30] 林天毅，毕亚雷等．PACS与HIS／RIS集成及其在我国实现的相关问题．医学影像学杂志．1999．(4)．216-220
[31] 赵喜平，毛松寿等．医学影像存档与通信系统的标准化．实用放射学杂志．1998．14(1)．45-46
[32] 王伟，王东辉．远程医疗会诊的国内外现状及系统研究．医学信息．1999．12(3)．31-33
[33] 林天毅，段会龙等．远程医疗信息系统的应用及相关问题．国外医学生物医学工程分册．1998．21．(4)．202-206
[34] 张翠英，张尚军．医疗信息交换标准——HL7．生物医学工程学杂志．2001．18．(1)．111-115
[35] 邱力军，石明国等．CT数字影像DICOM接口技术的研究．第四军医大学学报．2001．22(Suppl)．22-24
[36] 何斌，金永杰．按照DICOM标准制定核医学图像文件格式．核电子学与探测技术．2001．21(6)．440-443
[37] 胡阳秋，高小榕．医学图像DICOM格式转换软件的设计与实现．北京生物医学工程．2000．19(4)．193-197
[38] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.3 Part 3: Information Object Definitions. Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[39] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.1 Part 1: Introduction and Overview. Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[40] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.5 Part 5: Data Structure and Encoding.Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[41] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.6 Part 6: Data Dictionary.Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[42] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.4 Part 4: Service Class Specifications.Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[43] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.10 Part 10: Media Storage and File Format for Data Interchange. Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[44] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.12 Part 12: Media Formats and Physical Media for Data Interchange.Virginia:NEMA, 1999
[45] 宋焕章 王保恒 张春元．计算机原理与设计(下册)——存储与外设．北京．国防科技大学出版社．1999
[46] Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine PS3.11 Part 11: Media Storage Application Profiles.Virginia:NEMA,1999
[47] 张海藩．软件工程．北京．人民邮电出版社．2002
[48] 孙树清，陈萍．可录型光盘与菁染料光存储媒体的研究进展．化学通报．1999．(6)．20-24
[49] 张晓莉，罗文颉等．数据结构和算法．北京．机械工业出版社．2002
[50] 田子睿，刘旭宏等．医疗信息系统技术结构的现状与发展．北京生物医学工程．2002．21(3)．234-237
[51] 胡发明．电子医疗信息的法律问题．国外医学医院管理分册．2001(4)．177-178