复杂系统理论视角下的国土资源“一张图”系统设计与实践
摘要
当前,国土资源信息化面临着信息系统建设分散、信息资源的应用局限、社会化信息服务的支持不够、管理行为不统一及数据库建设的标准化和完整性等问题,上述问题也一直是国土信息化研究的热点和难点问题。欧盟“一张图”的建设对我国国土资源“一张图”建设具有一定的启示作用。国土资源部在全国国土资源信息化会议上提出了“要坚持完善和提高‘一张图’和三大平台的建设”,即以“一张图”、综合监管平台、电子政务平台、共享服务平台为标志,快速推进国土资源系统的信息化建设工作。
“一张图”建设,可实现从被动接收地方上报统计信息到主动监管转变；从以数管地到以图管地的转变；从“重审批、轻监管”到批后全程监管的转变。“一张图”代表了国土资源未来监管服务的大平台、大方向,有了“一张图”综合监管平台,可进一步夯实土地监管的基础,推动国土资源管理方式改革,建立信息化、系统化的国土资源监管新模式。
通过复杂系统理论的研究,本文对国土资源“一张图”进行了系统分析。国土资源“一张图”是由多个复杂子系统构成的开放的复杂系统。结合国土资源部最新的“—库三平台”建设思路,“一张图”的建设主要包括四个子系统,分别为三大应用平台—电子政务平台、共享服务平台和综合监管平台,以及“一张图”数据管理系统。但是,这是一个动态发展的概念,随着时间的推移,复杂系统的构成可能会发生一些增减变化。组成“一张图”的各子系统本身都是一个多层次、开放的复杂系统。
本文在复杂系统理论视角下,进行国土资源“一张图”的建设研究。并以浙江省临海市一张图的实际建设为实证。临海市一张图建设完成阶段性成果表明基于复杂系统理论视角下的国土资源“一张图”的建设对于国土资源管理的科学化,信息化和系统化具有很好的促进作用。论文总体结构如下：首先对“一张图”的内涵、国内外研究现状、“一张图”复杂系统理论体系以及复杂系统的理论与方法进行了简单的介绍；接着以综合微观分析法对“一张图”这个复杂系统的系统结构、系统复杂性做深入的剖析；第四章以复杂系统理论方法为基础,对“一张图”进行了总体模型构建,阐述了“一张图”的建设原则、外部环境、组分建设、子系统设计等；第五章以临海市的“一张图”建设为例,对“一张图”的核心数据库、数据库管理子系统以及三大应用平台这五个组分进行了展示；第六章对论文进行了总结和展望,同时对论文的创新点进行了描述。
Nowadays, land resources informatization is being confronted with some problems, such as decentralized construction of information system, limited application of information resources, insufficient support from information service of socialization, inconsistent management behavior, standardization and integrity of database construction etc. These problems mentioned above have been the hot and key points in the field of land and resources informatization. Therefore the countermeasures of one map proposed by European Union have a certain sense of enlightenment for building one map of Chinese land resources. The ministry of land and resources has put forward to improve and stick to construction of one map and three platforms, that is, information constructionof land resources could be advanced quickly by building one map, comprehensive regulatory platform, the e-government platform and shared services platform on the sessions of the national land resources informatization.
The construction of one map is able to achieve some improvements as following, changes from passive receiving of local reporting statistics to active supervising, changes from management of land based on the number to management of land based on the map, changes from old supervising style that attaches great importance to the approval and pays little attention to supervising to the new supervising style that holds entire regulation of the land after approval. In a sense, building one map represents the main service platform and direction for the future regulation of land resources. By the way of constructing the platform of one map, it could lay good basis for further strengthening the regulation of land, promote reform of land resources management and establish a new model for information and systematic regulation of land resources.
Based on the study of Complex Systems Theory, the dissertation has made a systematic analysis of building one map for land resources. The one map for land resources could be viewed as an open complex system composed of multiple complex subsystems. Complying with the latest blue print suggested by the ministry of land resources, the construction of one map mainly consists of four subsystems, which are three big application platforms-comprehensive regulatory platform, the e-government platform and shared services platform and data management system for one map. However, this is a dynamic development concept, some changes in addition and deletion may occur in the composition of complex system as time goes on. Further, the subsystems of one map themselves are multi-level and open complex systems also.
From the view of the complex system theory, the dissertation does research on construction of one map for land resources in the range of a county and takes the practical construction of one map in Linhai City in Zhejiang Province as an instance. Some achievements of construction of one map in Linhai City show that the construction of one map for land resources based on Complex System Theory can make management of land resource more scientific, information and systematic. The dissertation is organized as below. Firstly, it gives a brief overview of current situation and content of one map and introduces Complex Systems Theory; then, it conducts a deep study of system structure, system complexity of complex system by comprehensive microscopic analysis; In chapter4, based on Complex System Theory, it makes an overall design of one map, involving some issues, such as the constructing principle of one map, the external environment, components of construction, subsystems etc, in chapter5, taking construction of one map in Linhai City as an example, it details the design for custom standards, the core database, database management system, comprehensive regulatory platform, the e-government platform and shared services platform of one map, further, the implementation of these platforms and systems is also demonstrated; in the end, the last chapter makes a summarization and prospect of the thesis and innovation points are also revealed in the chapter6.
“一张图”建设,可实现从被动接收地方上报统计信息到主动监管转变；从以数管地到以图管地的转变；从“重审批、轻监管”到批后全程监管的转变。“一张图”代表了国土资源未来监管服务的大平台、大方向,有了“一张图”综合监管平台,可进一步夯实土地监管的基础,推动国土资源管理方式改革,建立信息化、系统化的国土资源监管新模式。
通过复杂系统理论的研究,本文对国土资源“一张图”进行了系统分析。国土资源“一张图”是由多个复杂子系统构成的开放的复杂系统。结合国土资源部最新的“—库三平台”建设思路,“一张图”的建设主要包括四个子系统,分别为三大应用平台—电子政务平台、共享服务平台和综合监管平台,以及“一张图”数据管理系统。但是,这是一个动态发展的概念,随着时间的推移,复杂系统的构成可能会发生一些增减变化。组成“一张图”的各子系统本身都是一个多层次、开放的复杂系统。
本文在复杂系统理论视角下,进行国土资源“一张图”的建设研究。并以浙江省临海市一张图的实际建设为实证。临海市一张图建设完成阶段性成果表明基于复杂系统理论视角下的国土资源“一张图”的建设对于国土资源管理的科学化,信息化和系统化具有很好的促进作用。论文总体结构如下：首先对“一张图”的内涵、国内外研究现状、“一张图”复杂系统理论体系以及复杂系统的理论与方法进行了简单的介绍；接着以综合微观分析法对“一张图”这个复杂系统的系统结构、系统复杂性做深入的剖析；第四章以复杂系统理论方法为基础,对“一张图”进行了总体模型构建,阐述了“一张图”的建设原则、外部环境、组分建设、子系统设计等；第五章以临海市的“一张图”建设为例,对“一张图”的核心数据库、数据库管理子系统以及三大应用平台这五个组分进行了展示；第六章对论文进行了总结和展望,同时对论文的创新点进行了描述。
Nowadays, land resources informatization is being confronted with some problems, such as decentralized construction of information system, limited application of information resources, insufficient support from information service of socialization, inconsistent management behavior, standardization and integrity of database construction etc. These problems mentioned above have been the hot and key points in the field of land and resources informatization. Therefore the countermeasures of one map proposed by European Union have a certain sense of enlightenment for building one map of Chinese land resources. The ministry of land and resources has put forward to improve and stick to construction of one map and three platforms, that is, information constructionof land resources could be advanced quickly by building one map, comprehensive regulatory platform, the e-government platform and shared services platform on the sessions of the national land resources informatization.
The construction of one map is able to achieve some improvements as following, changes from passive receiving of local reporting statistics to active supervising, changes from management of land based on the number to management of land based on the map, changes from old supervising style that attaches great importance to the approval and pays little attention to supervising to the new supervising style that holds entire regulation of the land after approval. In a sense, building one map represents the main service platform and direction for the future regulation of land resources. By the way of constructing the platform of one map, it could lay good basis for further strengthening the regulation of land, promote reform of land resources management and establish a new model for information and systematic regulation of land resources.
Based on the study of Complex Systems Theory, the dissertation has made a systematic analysis of building one map for land resources. The one map for land resources could be viewed as an open complex system composed of multiple complex subsystems. Complying with the latest blue print suggested by the ministry of land resources, the construction of one map mainly consists of four subsystems, which are three big application platforms-comprehensive regulatory platform, the e-government platform and shared services platform and data management system for one map. However, this is a dynamic development concept, some changes in addition and deletion may occur in the composition of complex system as time goes on. Further, the subsystems of one map themselves are multi-level and open complex systems also.
From the view of the complex system theory, the dissertation does research on construction of one map for land resources in the range of a county and takes the practical construction of one map in Linhai City in Zhejiang Province as an instance. Some achievements of construction of one map in Linhai City show that the construction of one map for land resources based on Complex System Theory can make management of land resource more scientific, information and systematic. The dissertation is organized as below. Firstly, it gives a brief overview of current situation and content of one map and introduces Complex Systems Theory; then, it conducts a deep study of system structure, system complexity of complex system by comprehensive microscopic analysis; In chapter4, based on Complex System Theory, it makes an overall design of one map, involving some issues, such as the constructing principle of one map, the external environment, components of construction, subsystems etc, in chapter5, taking construction of one map in Linhai City as an example, it details the design for custom standards, the core database, database management system, comprehensive regulatory platform, the e-government platform and shared services platform of one map, further, the implementation of these platforms and systems is also demonstrated; in the end, the last chapter makes a summarization and prospect of the thesis and innovation points are also revealed in the chapter6.
引文
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