嵌入式一体化远程监测装置设计
摘要
随着嵌入式技术和网络技术的不断发展,将嵌入式监测设备接入Internet网络进行远程监测正逐步取代传统的监测方案。本文设计了嵌入式远程状态监测系统的总体结构,完成了其核心装置——嵌入式一体化远程监测装置的开发。
在硬件设计上,装置采用ARM9微处理器AT91RM9200来构建嵌入式监测中心服务器,扩展以DM9161为核心的网络接口电路来实现系统的Internet网络接入。在软件设计上,采用嵌入式实时操作系统Linux对系统进行有效的任务调度和管理;移植了EtherNet/IP协议,构建起嵌入式CAN-以太网网关,实现了现场总线和工业以太网之间的无缝链接;移植了嵌入式Web服务器BOA建立了网络服务器;采用嵌入式数据库SQLite对大量实时数据进行存储和管理,有效地对数据进行存取、查询等共享操作。在此基础上,采用CGI程序设计技术进行多线程编程,设计并实现了B/S模式的嵌入式Web监测软件,实现了全系统Web化管理。另外,采用Flash技术和UDP套接字通讯技术开发了C/S模式下的Flash监测程序,利用C/S模式良好的交互性和传输速度快的特点,弥补了B/S模式的不足之处。
本文的主要特点有:实现了集网关、Web服务器、数据库于一体的便携式嵌入式远程监测装置,可以独立提供远程监测服务,体积小、成本低、使用简便;采用工业以太网技术代替传统的现场总线技术,形成先进、开放的网络体系结构,有利于系统向下兼容成熟的现场总线技术,向上无缝接入办公以太网络;将Flash技术应用到嵌入式监测系统中,解决了监测画面闪烁问题。
With the constant development of embedded technology and network technology, the monitoring method by connecting embedded monitoring device to the Internet gradually takes the place of the traditional method. The paper designs the overall structure of the embedded remote monitoring system, and develops its key instrument that is the integrated embedded remote monitoring instrument.
In the hardware design, the instrument applies micro-processor chip AT91RM9200 with ARM9 core as the processor of the embedded monitoring server. In order to realize the Internet connecting,the instrument also extends the network interface circuit based on the EtherNet control chip DM9161. In the software design, the instrument adopts the embedded real-time operation system Linux to carry out effective task-schedule and task-management. The embedded CAN-EtherNet gateway is built, which can realize a seamless link between the field-bus and Industrial Ethernet by porting the EtherNet/IP protocol. BOA is ported to set up a web server. Applying the embedded database SQLite, the instrument can manage the mass of data effectively. Based on the software foundation, by applying CGI (Common Gateway Interface) and adopting the multithread, the instrument realizes the embedded web monitoring software in B/S mode. In addition, applying the Flash technology and UDP Socket transmission, the instrument develops the Flash monitoring application in C/S mode due to the fact that the C/S mode has the advantage of good interaction and high translation speed, which can make up the shortage of the B/S mode.
This paper has following features: The remote monitoring instrument, which can support remote monitoring service independently, integrates the gateway,web server and database, and it has the advantage of small size, low cost and convenience. It uses advanced industrial Ethernet topology, downward compatibility with fieldbus technology, can be accessed seamless upward to office Ethernet. It applies the Flash technology to solve the problem of webpage flickering on the screen.
在硬件设计上,装置采用ARM9微处理器AT91RM9200来构建嵌入式监测中心服务器,扩展以DM9161为核心的网络接口电路来实现系统的Internet网络接入。在软件设计上,采用嵌入式实时操作系统Linux对系统进行有效的任务调度和管理;移植了EtherNet/IP协议,构建起嵌入式CAN-以太网网关,实现了现场总线和工业以太网之间的无缝链接;移植了嵌入式Web服务器BOA建立了网络服务器;采用嵌入式数据库SQLite对大量实时数据进行存储和管理,有效地对数据进行存取、查询等共享操作。在此基础上,采用CGI程序设计技术进行多线程编程,设计并实现了B/S模式的嵌入式Web监测软件,实现了全系统Web化管理。另外,采用Flash技术和UDP套接字通讯技术开发了C/S模式下的Flash监测程序,利用C/S模式良好的交互性和传输速度快的特点,弥补了B/S模式的不足之处。
本文的主要特点有:实现了集网关、Web服务器、数据库于一体的便携式嵌入式远程监测装置,可以独立提供远程监测服务,体积小、成本低、使用简便;采用工业以太网技术代替传统的现场总线技术,形成先进、开放的网络体系结构,有利于系统向下兼容成熟的现场总线技术,向上无缝接入办公以太网络;将Flash技术应用到嵌入式监测系统中,解决了监测画面闪烁问题。
With the constant development of embedded technology and network technology, the monitoring method by connecting embedded monitoring device to the Internet gradually takes the place of the traditional method. The paper designs the overall structure of the embedded remote monitoring system, and develops its key instrument that is the integrated embedded remote monitoring instrument.
In the hardware design, the instrument applies micro-processor chip AT91RM9200 with ARM9 core as the processor of the embedded monitoring server. In order to realize the Internet connecting,the instrument also extends the network interface circuit based on the EtherNet control chip DM9161. In the software design, the instrument adopts the embedded real-time operation system Linux to carry out effective task-schedule and task-management. The embedded CAN-EtherNet gateway is built, which can realize a seamless link between the field-bus and Industrial Ethernet by porting the EtherNet/IP protocol. BOA is ported to set up a web server. Applying the embedded database SQLite, the instrument can manage the mass of data effectively. Based on the software foundation, by applying CGI (Common Gateway Interface) and adopting the multithread, the instrument realizes the embedded web monitoring software in B/S mode. In addition, applying the Flash technology and UDP Socket transmission, the instrument develops the Flash monitoring application in C/S mode due to the fact that the C/S mode has the advantage of good interaction and high translation speed, which can make up the shortage of the B/S mode.
This paper has following features: The remote monitoring instrument, which can support remote monitoring service independently, integrates the gateway,web server and database, and it has the advantage of small size, low cost and convenience. It uses advanced industrial Ethernet topology, downward compatibility with fieldbus technology, can be accessed seamless upward to office Ethernet. It applies the Flash technology to solve the problem of webpage flickering on the screen.
引文
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[47] 陈新,高凤梅,曹玲芝等.嵌入式数据库SQLite在电梯B/S监控中的应用[J].电子技术应用,2006,32(5):59-61.
[48] 张曦煌,柴志雷.嵌入式Web服务器中CGI的特点及实现[J].小型微型计算机系统,2003,24(11):2046-2048.
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[2] Jay Lee. Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) Technologies[EB/OL]. http:// www.imscenter.net
[3] R A Collacott.机械故障的诊断与情况监测[M].机械工业出版社,1968.5.
[4] Jenhao Teng,Chinyuan Teng,Yuhung Chen. Integration of Networked Embedded Systems into Power Equipment Remote Control and Monitoring[J]. 2004 IEEE Region 10th Conference, 2004(3):566-56.
[5] Itschner R, Pommerell C, Rutishauser M. GLASS:Remote Monitoring of Embedded Systems in Power Engineering[J]. IEEE Internet Computing , 1998,2(3):46~52.
[6] 黄文虎.不断总结经验将我国设备监测与诊断技术提高到新的水平[J].中国设备管理,1998,11:3-5.
[7] 金真,唐明浩,蒋琳.Internet远程监控系统的嵌入式实现方法[J].计算机工程,2006,1(32):245-247.
[8] 李正,林跃,杨轶.ARM嵌入式系统在大型设备远程监控中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2005,26(8):312-314.
[9] Hong S. Embedded Linux outlook in the PostPC Industry[A].In:Puschner P,Nakajima T, Ghafoor A. 6th IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing [C]. Hakodate, Japan: IEEE COMPUTER SOC,2003:37-40.
[10] 贾东耀,汪仁煌.工业控制网络结构的发展趋势[J].工业仪表与自动化装置, 2002,(5): 12-14.
[11] 郝晓弘,苏渊.以太网与现场总线控制系统[J].电气自动化,2002,(4):4-7.
[12] Zilog Inc. Introduction to Embedded Web Servers[EB/OL]. http://www.zilog.com, 2002.
[13] Klaus D. Web Server for Embedded System [EB/OL]. http://www.dilnetpc.com,2002.
[14] 动态网页制作技术比较[EB/OL].http://news.csdn.net/n/20060426/89825.html.
[15] Jacek W. Embedded Internet Technology in Process Control Devices[J]. IEEE Internet Computing, 2000,34(3):301~308.
[16] 赵军领,蒋梁中.Web技术在嵌入式远程在线监测系统中的应用[J].机床与液压,2006,5:184-186.
[17] 刘明伟, 任永攀, 黄兴.Flash与后台[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[18] Olson,Michael A. Selecting and Implementing an Embedded Database System[J]. Computer,2000,33(9):27~34.
[19] Ortiz S. Embedded Databases Come Out of Hiding[J]. IEEE Computer,2000;33(3):16-19.
[20] 王京谦,万莅新.开源嵌入式数据库Berkeley和SQLite嵌入式数据库技术[J]. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005,(2):5-7.
[21] 陈红英,李卫华.C/S和B/S合用的移动目标监控系统[J].计算机应用,2001,21(2).
[22] 杜俊俐,王东云.基于C/S与B/S模式混合架构的远程监控系统的研究[J].中原工商学院学报,2003,14(1):1-3.
[23] 闵华松.高速旋转机械嵌入式状态监测与故障诊断系统研究.信息与控制,2006,3: 309-313.
[24] Kang B, Lee Richard, D Schneeman: Internet-Based Distributed Measurement and Control Applications[J]. IEEE Instrumentaion & Measurement Magazine,1999, 2(2):9-9.
[25] Matej Kupljen, Aleksander Polutnik. Linux Based Distributed Measurement Control System[A]. ICIT2003[C] IEEE,2003:1252~1256.
[26] Atmel Corporation. ARM920T Technical Reference Manual[EB/OL]. http:// www.atmel.com.
[27] Atmel Corporation. AT91RM9200 datasheet[EB/OL]. http://www.atmel.com.
[28] 康涌泉,桑楠.嵌入式Linux交叉开发环境[J]. 计算机应用,2006,26(6):261-263.
[29] Ahmed A Jerraya, Wayne Wolf. Hardware/Software Interface Codesign for Embedded Systems[J].IEEE Computer,2005,38(2):63-69.
[30] 刘淼.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[31] Microchip. MCP2510 Stand-Alone CAN Controller With SPI Interface[EB/OL]. http:// www.Microchip.com.
[32] Davicom. DM9161-10/100Mbps Fast Ethernet Physical Layer Single Chip Transceiver [EB/OL]. http://www.davicom.com.
[33] K.Yaghmour,J.Corbet. Building Embedded Linux System[J]. O' Reilly Press,2003:20-54.
[34] 孙亮清.船舶集成平台管理系统的研究与嵌入式CAN/Ethernet网关的实现[D].上海:上海海事大学,2004.
[35] Anping Wang. Housheng Hu,Paulo Hu. Remote Monitoring and Control via the Intelligent Database Gateway for the Can-Based Wheelchair[C]. Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing& Control,2004:445~450.
[36] 吴爱国,李长滨.工业以太网协议EtherNet/IP[J].计算机应用,2003,23(11):9-11.
[37] Rinaldi,John. EtherNet/IP–An Application-layer Protocol for Industial Automation [J]. Sensors(Peterborough,NH),May,2003,20(5):43-45.
[38] SCHIFFER V. The CIP Family of Fieldbus Protocols and Its Newest Member- Ethernet/IP [A]. IEEE Symposium on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation [C]. Antibes - Juan Les,2001, 1: 377 – 384.
[39] Rabbit Semiconductors Inc. Dynamic C:An Introduction to TCP/IP for Embedded System Designers[EB/OL]. http://www.rabbit.com,2006.
[40] Jeremy Benttham.嵌入式系统Web服务器-TCP/IP Lean[M],陈向群等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[41] Deying Gu, Fenghang He. Realization of EtherNet/IP Protocol on Linux [J]. ChineseJournal of Scientific Instrument, 2005, 26(22): 441-444.
[42] Fengli Lian, Moyne J R. Performance Evaluation of Control Networks: Ethernet,ControlNet,and DeviceNet[J]. IEEE Control System Magazine,2001,21(1):66-83.
[43] Sid Wentworth. Boa:An Embedded Web Server[J]. Embeded Linux Journal, 2001,2001(4).
[44] Miguel Domingues. A Simple Architecture for Embedded Web Servers[J]. 4th Intenral Conference on Computer Architecture(ICCA’03),Session 4 Embedded systems:113-120.
[45] Michael Flaster, Banu Ozden. EWS: Embedded Web Server[EB/OL]. http://netlib. bell-Labs.com.
[46] 班建民,陆卫忠,付保川等.嵌入式数据库在监控系统中的应用与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2005,14(31):219-222.
[47] 陈新,高凤梅,曹玲芝等.嵌入式数据库SQLite在电梯B/S监控中的应用[J].电子技术应用,2006,32(5):59-61.
[48] 张曦煌,柴志雷.嵌入式Web服务器中CGI的特点及实现[J].小型微型计算机系统,2003,24(11):2046-2048.
[49] 付宝川,王中杰,班建民等.基于CGI嵌入式监控系统动态数据交互的实现[J].计算机工程,2005,31(12):196-198.
[50] Daniel J Berlin.精通CGI编程[M].丁一强,刘瑞红等,译.北京:清华大学出版社,1998:1-10.
[51] Nathan Derksen, Jeff Berg.ActionScript 2.0编程入门经典[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2007.
[52] 黄布毅,李冬富,何超前等.动态Web技术在实时监测系统中的实现[J].微计算机信息,2007,23(5-2):37-39.
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