基于WebGIS系统的分布式空间数据库的集成技术研究与应用
摘要
近年来随着GIS技术的流行与迅速发展,改变了传统地理信息系统的发展模式,WebGIS的兴起代表了未来GIS的一个重要发展方向,使人们通过网络获取并互操作异构地理数据具备了客观条件的可能性。由此也带来了一系列急需解决的理论与技术问题,其中一个关键的就是如何实现分布式数据的互操作,而基于WebGIS平台上的分布式空间数据库的集成技术则为解决这个问题提供了有价值的理论基础,目前更成为GIS领域中的研究热点。
本文主要以分布式空间数据库集成理论为中心,结合国内外相关研究现状以及成果,对分布式空间数据库集成系统的几个主要理论进行深入研究,并实现了系统相关功能模块以及算法的设计,本文主要研究了以下几个方面的内容:
1.在分析研究国内外相关课题的基础上详细阐述了WebGIS基础理论的主要内容,其中包括空间数据模型理论以及空间数据库理论,本文主要以相对技术最成熟的空间数据库系统Oracle Spmial为研究对象。并在此基础上研究了分布式空间数据库系统及其集成理论。
2.结合Oracle Spatial提供的接口函数以及OpenGIS文件规范定义,研究空间数据库接口和空间数据库接口集成技术。定义并实现了IGeometry Interface、ISpatialOperator Interface等接口函数,定义接口功能模块,并对主要的功能模块进行了实现。研究表明,只有符合OpenGIS文件规范的空间数据及空间数据库才能真正实现现实意义上的分布式异构空间数据库的无缝连接和集成。
3.空间关联规则是空间数据中重要的隐含信息,本文采用数据挖掘的方法研究空间关联规则信息的提取。利用模糊遗传算法处理非线性问题的优势来优化空间数据库的空间关联规则的数据挖掘。研究表明模糊遗传算法的自组织性、自适应性和自学习等特性能够极大地优化空间关联规则的挖掘,使空间数据库挖掘具有更高的鲁棒性、全局性、最优性和更高的效率。
4.研究并构建了某校区的分布式WebGIS系统总体结构及其相关功能模块,给出了系统设计与实现的流程图以及在实现过程中使用到的相关系统平台。在规划图的基础上给出了分层的矢量图和属性数据的实现过程。
The popularity and fast development of GIS technology changes the development mode of tradition GIS, the rising of WebGIS represents an important development direction of future GIS, which let people take and operate isometrics geography data by network. A key problem is how to implement the co-operation of distributed data, and let terminal users access distributed data and operate the data seamlessly, the distributed isometrics spatial database integration technology based on WebGIS offers valuable theory foundation to solve this problem. WebGIS has been a research hotspot in GIS field.This paper regards integrated theory of the distributed spatial database as the centre mainly, combine domestic and international relevant research current situations and achievements, further investigate several main theories of the integrated system of distributed spatial database , and the designs of the relevant functions module of implementation system and algorithm, the contents of several respects of main research of this paper are as follows:1. Have explained the main content of WebGIS basic theory in detail on the basis of analysing and researching domestic and international relevant subjects, including spatial data model theory and spatial database theory, because Oracle Spatial of Oracle Company is the ripest space database system of the relative technology in the spatial database field at present, so this paper regards Oracle Spatial as the research object mainly. And has studied the database system of distributed space and integrated theory on this basis.2. Combine interface function that Oracle Spatial offers and OpenGIS file, study the spatial database interface and the integrated technology of database interface of space. Define and realize relevant interface function, define the interface relevant functions module , and has realized the main function module . Studies have shown, it accord with by the normal spatial data and spatial databases OpenGIS not could
realize only meaning not realistic the distributed to construct really differently by seamless link, space of database and Integrate.3. Spatial Association Rules is important information of implying in the data, this paper adopts method research Spatial Association Rules abstraction of message that data excavate. Compare, study a large number of relevant foundation of theory , utilize fuzzy Genetic Algorithm deal with non-linear advantage of problem is it optimize space related regular datum , space of database excavate to come. Studies have shown fuzzy Genetic Algorithm sense of organization since of algorithm and adaptivity can optimize the related regular excavating of space greatly by oneself, make space database is it have high stupid getting excellent, of overall importance , optimum and high efficiency to excavate.4. Study distributed WebGIS systematic architecture and relevant functions module, structure the west institute of WHUT, provide the flow chart and relevant systems platform used in the course of realizing where the system is designed and realized. Provide the vectograph of dividing layers , the realization course of the attribute data on the basis of west institute's planning drawing.
本文主要以分布式空间数据库集成理论为中心,结合国内外相关研究现状以及成果,对分布式空间数据库集成系统的几个主要理论进行深入研究,并实现了系统相关功能模块以及算法的设计,本文主要研究了以下几个方面的内容:
1.在分析研究国内外相关课题的基础上详细阐述了WebGIS基础理论的主要内容,其中包括空间数据模型理论以及空间数据库理论,本文主要以相对技术最成熟的空间数据库系统Oracle Spmial为研究对象。并在此基础上研究了分布式空间数据库系统及其集成理论。
2.结合Oracle Spatial提供的接口函数以及OpenGIS文件规范定义,研究空间数据库接口和空间数据库接口集成技术。定义并实现了IGeometry Interface、ISpatialOperator Interface等接口函数,定义接口功能模块,并对主要的功能模块进行了实现。研究表明,只有符合OpenGIS文件规范的空间数据及空间数据库才能真正实现现实意义上的分布式异构空间数据库的无缝连接和集成。
3.空间关联规则是空间数据中重要的隐含信息,本文采用数据挖掘的方法研究空间关联规则信息的提取。利用模糊遗传算法处理非线性问题的优势来优化空间数据库的空间关联规则的数据挖掘。研究表明模糊遗传算法的自组织性、自适应性和自学习等特性能够极大地优化空间关联规则的挖掘,使空间数据库挖掘具有更高的鲁棒性、全局性、最优性和更高的效率。
4.研究并构建了某校区的分布式WebGIS系统总体结构及其相关功能模块,给出了系统设计与实现的流程图以及在实现过程中使用到的相关系统平台。在规划图的基础上给出了分层的矢量图和属性数据的实现过程。
The popularity and fast development of GIS technology changes the development mode of tradition GIS, the rising of WebGIS represents an important development direction of future GIS, which let people take and operate isometrics geography data by network. A key problem is how to implement the co-operation of distributed data, and let terminal users access distributed data and operate the data seamlessly, the distributed isometrics spatial database integration technology based on WebGIS offers valuable theory foundation to solve this problem. WebGIS has been a research hotspot in GIS field.This paper regards integrated theory of the distributed spatial database as the centre mainly, combine domestic and international relevant research current situations and achievements, further investigate several main theories of the integrated system of distributed spatial database , and the designs of the relevant functions module of implementation system and algorithm, the contents of several respects of main research of this paper are as follows:1. Have explained the main content of WebGIS basic theory in detail on the basis of analysing and researching domestic and international relevant subjects, including spatial data model theory and spatial database theory, because Oracle Spatial of Oracle Company is the ripest space database system of the relative technology in the spatial database field at present, so this paper regards Oracle Spatial as the research object mainly. And has studied the database system of distributed space and integrated theory on this basis.2. Combine interface function that Oracle Spatial offers and OpenGIS file, study the spatial database interface and the integrated technology of database interface of space. Define and realize relevant interface function, define the interface relevant functions module , and has realized the main function module . Studies have shown, it accord with by the normal spatial data and spatial databases OpenGIS not could
realize only meaning not realistic the distributed to construct really differently by seamless link, space of database and Integrate.3. Spatial Association Rules is important information of implying in the data, this paper adopts method research Spatial Association Rules abstraction of message that data excavate. Compare, study a large number of relevant foundation of theory , utilize fuzzy Genetic Algorithm deal with non-linear advantage of problem is it optimize space related regular datum , space of database excavate to come. Studies have shown fuzzy Genetic Algorithm sense of organization since of algorithm and adaptivity can optimize the related regular excavating of space greatly by oneself, make space database is it have high stupid getting excellent, of overall importance , optimum and high efficiency to excavate.4. Study distributed WebGIS systematic architecture and relevant functions module, structure the west institute of WHUT, provide the flow chart and relevant systems platform used in the course of realizing where the system is designed and realized. Provide the vectograph of dividing layers , the realization course of the attribute data on the basis of west institute's planning drawing.
引文
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[2] 韩海洋,龚健雅,袁相儒,基于B/S体系的Internet GIS分布式异构空间数据库的集成,遥感学报,2000。
[3] 陈晟,常乐,景宁,孙茂印,基于Internet的空间数据库访问技术研究及实例,小型微型计算机系统,1999。
[4] 吴杰,陆锋,汤井田,程昌秀,袁正午,基于OCCI的空间数据库几何对象实现方法,地球信息科学,2003。
[5] 何珍文,吴冲龙,汪新庆,翁正平,基于SQL Server外挂空间数据库的设计与实现,计算机应用,2002。
[6] 徐振宇,娄径,马众模,耿冬木,基于WebGIS的空间数据库的建立,安徽地址,2002。
[7] 卢峰,刘翰,胡少华,基于分布式空间数据库的WebGIS系统,计算机时代,2003。
[8] 王映辉,周明全,耿国华,基于元数据的“数字城市”数据组织模型研究,计算机工程与应用,2002。
[9] 梁伟杰,庄毓敏,吉林省1:20万数字地质图空间数据库的应用,吉林地质,2003。
[10] 王春晓,李佳田,王定勇,刘洪斌,武伟,集成型空间数据库技术探索与应用实例,遥感技术与应用,2003。
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[12] 李霖,空间数据库查询语言的特征,武汉测绘科技大学学报,1997。
[13] 杨雪峰,空间数据库的构建,新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002。
[14] 邵晓芳,李军,景宁,空间数据库接口技术的研究,计算机工程与科学,2003。
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[17] 郭菁,周洞汝,郭薇,胡志勇,空间数据库索引技术的研究,计算机应用研究,2003。
[18] 李滨,王青山,冯猛,空间数据库引擎关键技术剖析,测绘学院学报,2003。
[19] 何珍文,吴冲龙,汪新庆,刘刚,空间数据库应用程序的性能优化问题探讨,计算机应用,2001。
[20] 李立言,秦小麟,空间数据库中连接运算的处理与优化,中国图像图形学报,2003。
[21] 李琦,郭玲玲,面向数字城市的空间应用服务互操作模型研究,地理与地理信息科学,2003。
[22] 于卓,吴志华,数字城市规划的空间数据基础探讨,测绘信息与工程,2004。
[23] 刘仲蓓,数字城市建设中的技术理论问题研究,浙江大学学报,2003。
[24] 赵建华,数字城市建设中的数据问题,城市规划建设,2002。
[25] 熊盛武,方志详,徐虹数字城市中的分布式技术体系及实施策略,测绘通报,2002。
[26] Keiichi Tamura, Yuya Nakano, Kunihiko Kaneko, Akifumi Makinouchi. The Parallel Processing of Spatial Selection for Very Large Geo-Spatial Databases. Kyushu University. 2001.
[27] Ming-Ling Lo, Chinya V. Ravishankar. The Design and Implementation of Seeded Trees: An Efficient Method for Spatial Joins. Knowledge and Data Engineering. 1998.
[28] Xuan Liu, Shashi Shekhar. Object-Based Directional Query Processing in Spatial Databases. IEEE Sanjay Chawla. 2003.
[29] Susumu Kuroki, Kensaku Ishizuka, Akifumi Makinouchi. Towards a Spatio-Temporal OQL for the Four Dimensional Spatial Database System Hawks. 8th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'97). Kyushu University. 1997.
[30] Xiaofang Zhou, Sham Prasher. Database Support for Spatial Generalisation for WWW and Mobile Applications. The University of Queensland, Masaru Kitsuregawa, The University of Tokyo. 2002.
[31] Jeremy Rowe, Anshuman Razdan, Arleyn Simon, Arizona State University. Acquisition, Representation, Query and Analysis of Spatial Data: A Demonstration 3D Digital Library. 2003 Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL'03). 2003.
[32] G. Ayala, J. Domingo. Spatial Size Distributions: Applications to Shape and Texture Analysis. 2001.
[33] Ning An, Ji Jin, Anand Sivasubramaniam. Toward an Accurate Analysis of Range Queries on Spatial Data. IEEE. 2003.
[34] Serafino Cicerone, Daniele Frigioni, Laura Tarantino, Paolino Di Felice. Interacting with Topological Invariants of Spatial Databases. 1999 International Symposium on Database Applications in Non-Traditional Environments (DANTE'99). 1999.
[35] O. Gunther, J. Bilmes. Tree-Based Access Methods for Spatial Databases: Implementation and Performance Evaluation. 1991.
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[37] S. Cicerone, D. Frigioni, P. Di Felice. Decomposing Spatial Databases and Applications. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, L'Aquila Univ., Italy. 2000.
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[40] M. Erwig, R.H. Guting. Explicit Graphs in a Functional Model for Spatial Databases. Knowledge and Data Engineering. 1994.
[41] Baher A. El-Geresy. Alia I. Abdelmoty. Qualitative Representations in Large Spatial Databases. 2001 International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium (IDEAS'01). 2001.
[42] Danzhou Liu, Ee-Peng Lim, Wee-Keong Ng. Efficient k Nearest Neighbor Queries on Remote Spatial Databases Using Range Estimation. 14th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM'02). 2002.
[43] Ranga R. Vatsavai, Thomas E. Burk, Shashi Shekhar. Mark H. Hansen. An Efficient Query Strategy for Integrated Remote Sensing and Inventory (Spatial) Databases. Thirteenth International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management. 2001.
[44] Christelle Vangenot. A Model for Web Spatial Data Integration. Second International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE'01) Volume 2.2001.
[45] Hiroki Takakura,. Yutaka Banjou, Yahiko Kambayashi. Visual User Interface for Spatial Databases Combined with Landscape Images and Sensors. 1999 International Symposium on Database Applications in Non-Traditional Environments (DANTE'99). 1999.
[46] Joseph D. Yates, Xiaofang Zhou. Navigation of the Internet with Spatial Databases. 1999 International Symposium on Database Applications in Non-Traditional Environments (DANTE'99). 1999.
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[2] 韩海洋,龚健雅,袁相儒,基于B/S体系的Internet GIS分布式异构空间数据库的集成,遥感学报,2000。
[3] 陈晟,常乐,景宁,孙茂印,基于Internet的空间数据库访问技术研究及实例,小型微型计算机系统,1999。
[4] 吴杰,陆锋,汤井田,程昌秀,袁正午,基于OCCI的空间数据库几何对象实现方法,地球信息科学,2003。
[5] 何珍文,吴冲龙,汪新庆,翁正平,基于SQL Server外挂空间数据库的设计与实现,计算机应用,2002。
[6] 徐振宇,娄径,马众模,耿冬木,基于WebGIS的空间数据库的建立,安徽地址,2002。
[7] 卢峰,刘翰,胡少华,基于分布式空间数据库的WebGIS系统,计算机时代,2003。
[8] 王映辉,周明全,耿国华,基于元数据的“数字城市”数据组织模型研究,计算机工程与应用,2002。
[9] 梁伟杰,庄毓敏,吉林省1:20万数字地质图空间数据库的应用,吉林地质,2003。
[10] 王春晓,李佳田,王定勇,刘洪斌,武伟,集成型空间数据库技术探索与应用实例,遥感技术与应用,2003。
[11] 鞠时光,可视化空间数据库查询语言CQL,计算机学报,1999。
[12] 李霖,空间数据库查询语言的特征,武汉测绘科技大学学报,1997。
[13] 杨雪峰,空间数据库的构建,新疆师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002。
[14] 邵晓芳,李军,景宁,空间数据库接口技术的研究,计算机工程与科学,2003。
[15] 陈晟,景宁,孙茂印,空间数据库实例分析,计算机工程与应用,1998。
[16] 胡金星,潘樊,宋扬,马照亭,空间数据库实现及其集成技术研究,计算机应用研究,2003。
[17] 郭菁,周洞汝,郭薇,胡志勇,空间数据库索引技术的研究,计算机应用研究,2003。
[18] 李滨,王青山,冯猛,空间数据库引擎关键技术剖析,测绘学院学报,2003。
[19] 何珍文,吴冲龙,汪新庆,刘刚,空间数据库应用程序的性能优化问题探讨,计算机应用,2001。
[20] 李立言,秦小麟,空间数据库中连接运算的处理与优化,中国图像图形学报,2003。
[21] 李琦,郭玲玲,面向数字城市的空间应用服务互操作模型研究,地理与地理信息科学,2003。
[22] 于卓,吴志华,数字城市规划的空间数据基础探讨,测绘信息与工程,2004。
[23] 刘仲蓓,数字城市建设中的技术理论问题研究,浙江大学学报,2003。
[24] 赵建华,数字城市建设中的数据问题,城市规划建设,2002。
[25] 熊盛武,方志详,徐虹数字城市中的分布式技术体系及实施策略,测绘通报,2002。
[26] Keiichi Tamura, Yuya Nakano, Kunihiko Kaneko, Akifumi Makinouchi. The Parallel Processing of Spatial Selection for Very Large Geo-Spatial Databases. Kyushu University. 2001.
[27] Ming-Ling Lo, Chinya V. Ravishankar. The Design and Implementation of Seeded Trees: An Efficient Method for Spatial Joins. Knowledge and Data Engineering. 1998.
[28] Xuan Liu, Shashi Shekhar. Object-Based Directional Query Processing in Spatial Databases. IEEE Sanjay Chawla. 2003.
[29] Susumu Kuroki, Kensaku Ishizuka, Akifumi Makinouchi. Towards a Spatio-Temporal OQL for the Four Dimensional Spatial Database System Hawks. 8th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'97). Kyushu University. 1997.
[30] Xiaofang Zhou, Sham Prasher. Database Support for Spatial Generalisation for WWW and Mobile Applications. The University of Queensland, Masaru Kitsuregawa, The University of Tokyo. 2002.
[31] Jeremy Rowe, Anshuman Razdan, Arleyn Simon, Arizona State University. Acquisition, Representation, Query and Analysis of Spatial Data: A Demonstration 3D Digital Library. 2003 Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL'03). 2003.
[32] G. Ayala, J. Domingo. Spatial Size Distributions: Applications to Shape and Texture Analysis. 2001.
[33] Ning An, Ji Jin, Anand Sivasubramaniam. Toward an Accurate Analysis of Range Queries on Spatial Data. IEEE. 2003.
[34] Serafino Cicerone, Daniele Frigioni, Laura Tarantino, Paolino Di Felice. Interacting with Topological Invariants of Spatial Databases. 1999 International Symposium on Database Applications in Non-Traditional Environments (DANTE'99). 1999.
[35] O. Gunther, J. Bilmes. Tree-Based Access Methods for Spatial Databases: Implementation and Performance Evaluation. 1991.
[36] J. A. Orenstein, F. A. Manola. PROBE Spatial Data Modeling and Query Processing in an Image Database Application. Software Engineering. 1988.
[37] S. Cicerone, D. Frigioni, P. Di Felice. Decomposing Spatial Databases and Applications. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica, L'Aquila Univ., Italy. 2000.
[38] Venkat N. Gudivada. Gwang S. Jung. Spatial Knowledge Representation and Retrieval in 3D Image Databases. International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS'95). 1995.
[39] Mafia E. Orlowska, Xiaofang Zhou. A Spatial Database as a Component of Integrated Database System. 1999 International Symposium on Database Applications in Non-Traditional Environments (DANTE'99). 1999.
[40] M. Erwig, R.H. Guting. Explicit Graphs in a Functional Model for Spatial Databases. Knowledge and Data Engineering. 1994.
[41] Baher A. El-Geresy. Alia I. Abdelmoty. Qualitative Representations in Large Spatial Databases. 2001 International Database Engineering & Applications Symposium (IDEAS'01). 2001.
[42] Danzhou Liu, Ee-Peng Lim, Wee-Keong Ng. Efficient k Nearest Neighbor Queries on Remote Spatial Databases Using Range Estimation. 14th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM'02). 2002.
[43] Ranga R. Vatsavai, Thomas E. Burk, Shashi Shekhar. Mark H. Hansen. An Efficient Query Strategy for Integrated Remote Sensing and Inventory (Spatial) Databases. Thirteenth International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management. 2001.
[44] Christelle Vangenot. A Model for Web Spatial Data Integration. Second International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE'01) Volume 2.2001.
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