基于CAN总线的分布式在线振动监测系统通讯网络设计
摘要
船舶的振动状况可以用来诊断船舶的设备运行特性,实现对振动状况的监测可以为实时发现故障提供可靠的依据。尤其是对特殊用途的船舶来说,由于振动噪声会影响船舶的声学性能,更是需要对设备的振动噪声进行实时监测,分析和诊断,因此,在船舶上安装振动噪声实时监测网络系统是非常必要的。
通讯网络作为数据传输的桥梁,其可靠性直接影响着系统整体运行的可靠性,本文采用控制器局域网CAN总线构成了通讯网络,实现了信号的传输通讯,将传统的集散控制系统DCS转变为现场总线控制系统FCS,其主要特点有:信号传输的全数字化、控制功能的彻底分散、系统具有开放性和互操作性等。自主开发的CAN网桥的使用,可方便的进行网络节点的扩充。
本文的主要研究内容有:
1、介绍了分布式在线振动监测网络系统的整体设计方案,比较了现场总线控制系统FCS和集散控制系统DCS的优点和缺点,最后选用CAN总线为基础构建通讯网络。
2、基于现场总线技术,构建了中央计算机-CAN网桥-测量处理单元-传感器的FCS系统分层网络结构模型。该结构模型具有安全、可靠、扩展简单、实时性强等特点。
3、编写了用于系统扩展和上下级之间通讯的CAN网桥的软件程序。包括内部的SPI通讯接口程序及外部CAN通讯接口程序。
4、编写了上位机通过CAN接口卡进行通讯的接收和发送程序。
5、搭建了用于实验的数据传输通讯网络,通过实验验证了数据传输通讯网络的结构正确性以及软件程序的可行性。
The vibrant conditions of a ship can be used to diagnose the operating charactersof the equipments on the ship, monitoring vibration can provide reliable basis to findthe malfunction momentarily. Especially for special functional ship, its acousticcharacteristices may be affected by the vibrant noises so it is necessary to mountreal-time monitor network for vibration noise on ships.
As being the bridge of data transmission, the reliability of communicationnetwork directly affect the reliability of the monitoring vibration system. In this peper,The CAN bus is selected to compose the communication network, the FCS (fieldbuscontrol system) is used to take place the conventional DCS (discrete control system).It has the following features: complete digitized signal transmission, thoroughlydiscrete of control functions and openness and mutual operation and so on. Thenetwork nodes can easily be extended by using of CAN bridge.
The paper's content is introduced briefly as followed:
1. The overall plan of distributed monitoring vibration network system isintroduced. DCS and FCS are compared and the CAN bus is selected tocompose the communication network.
2. The multi-layer distributed network structure model including centralcomputer, net bridge and measure and process unit, sensors is establishedwhich is based on the feildbus technology and has the features of safety,reliability, easy expansion and strong real-time and so on.
3. The procedures of the CAN netbridge including internal SPI interfaceprocedure and external CAN interface procedure are programmed.
4. The communicate procedure of the certral computer are programmed.
5. The experimental data communication network is built, the reliability ofthe network and the feasibility of the procedures are proved through theexperiments.
通讯网络作为数据传输的桥梁,其可靠性直接影响着系统整体运行的可靠性,本文采用控制器局域网CAN总线构成了通讯网络,实现了信号的传输通讯,将传统的集散控制系统DCS转变为现场总线控制系统FCS,其主要特点有:信号传输的全数字化、控制功能的彻底分散、系统具有开放性和互操作性等。自主开发的CAN网桥的使用,可方便的进行网络节点的扩充。
本文的主要研究内容有:
1、介绍了分布式在线振动监测网络系统的整体设计方案,比较了现场总线控制系统FCS和集散控制系统DCS的优点和缺点,最后选用CAN总线为基础构建通讯网络。
2、基于现场总线技术,构建了中央计算机-CAN网桥-测量处理单元-传感器的FCS系统分层网络结构模型。该结构模型具有安全、可靠、扩展简单、实时性强等特点。
3、编写了用于系统扩展和上下级之间通讯的CAN网桥的软件程序。包括内部的SPI通讯接口程序及外部CAN通讯接口程序。
4、编写了上位机通过CAN接口卡进行通讯的接收和发送程序。
5、搭建了用于实验的数据传输通讯网络,通过实验验证了数据传输通讯网络的结构正确性以及软件程序的可行性。
The vibrant conditions of a ship can be used to diagnose the operating charactersof the equipments on the ship, monitoring vibration can provide reliable basis to findthe malfunction momentarily. Especially for special functional ship, its acousticcharacteristices may be affected by the vibrant noises so it is necessary to mountreal-time monitor network for vibration noise on ships.
As being the bridge of data transmission, the reliability of communicationnetwork directly affect the reliability of the monitoring vibration system. In this peper,The CAN bus is selected to compose the communication network, the FCS (fieldbuscontrol system) is used to take place the conventional DCS (discrete control system).It has the following features: complete digitized signal transmission, thoroughlydiscrete of control functions and openness and mutual operation and so on. Thenetwork nodes can easily be extended by using of CAN bridge.
The paper's content is introduced briefly as followed:
1. The overall plan of distributed monitoring vibration network system isintroduced. DCS and FCS are compared and the CAN bus is selected tocompose the communication network.
2. The multi-layer distributed network structure model including centralcomputer, net bridge and measure and process unit, sensors is establishedwhich is based on the feildbus technology and has the features of safety,reliability, easy expansion and strong real-time and so on.
3. The procedures of the CAN netbridge including internal SPI interfaceprocedure and external CAN interface procedure are programmed.
4. The communicate procedure of the certral computer are programmed.
5. The experimental data communication network is built, the reliability ofthe network and the feasibility of the procedures are proved through theexperiments.
引文
[1] MICROCHIP,PIC18Fxx8 Data SHEET,2002
[2] MICROCHIP,PIC18XXX8 CAN Driver with Prioritized Transmit Buffer,2002
[3] MICROCHIP,MCP2551 Data Sheet, 2002
[4] 吴涤,祝建培,一种基于 SPI 的 PIC 单片机多机通信的方法,电子技术,2001,28(2):35～38
[5] 刘和平等,PIC16F87X 单片机实用软件与接口技术,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[6] Klaus Janschek, Annerose Braune, Application of Industrial CAN Bus Technology for LEO-satellites, Acta astronautica, 2000,46(2-6)313-317
[7] Rietz, S.;Schneider, B.;Bender, S.;Multisensor signal processing with CAN bus interface, Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 1997,62(1-3 pt 3)729-733
[8] Rodd, M.G.;Dimyati, K.;Motus, L., Design and analysis of low-cost real-time fieldbus systems, Control Engineering Practice, 1998,6(1)83-91
[9] Hall, John, Multiplex fieldbus system works with/without user programming, Chilton's I&CS (Instrumentation & Control Systems), 1994,67(5)83-83
[10] S. Cavalieri, S. Monforte, Multicycle Polling Scheduling Algorithms for FieldBus Networks, Real-Time Systems, 2003,25(2-3)157-185
[11] Richard Piggin;Ken Young, Machine safety with fieldbus, Process engineering, 2000,81(5)41-42
[12] Paul G Ranky, Modular fieldbus designs and applications, Assembly Automation, 2000,20(1)40-46
[13] XILINX,The Programmable Logic Data Book,1998
[14] Eduardo Tovar, Real-Time Fieldbus Communications Using Profibus Networks, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1999,46(6)1241-1251
[15] L. Almeida, R. Pasadas, Using a planning scheduler to improve the flexibility of real-time fieldbus networks, Control Engineering Practice, 1999, 7(1) 101-108
[16] 廖明夫,网络技术在旋转机制状态监测与故障诊断中的应用:[硕士学位论文],西安:西北工业大学,2001
[17] 万曼影,盛伟瑜,李巍,全数字式机舱监测报警系统,中国造船,2002,43(2):90～94
[18] 马立明,魏小成,焦建勇,现场总线与现场总线控制系统,河北省科学院学报,2002,19(4):237～240
[19] 阳宪惠,现场总线技术及其应用,北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[20] 孙丽萍,聂武,船舶结构振动噪声分析及其进展,船舶力学,2003,7(1):116～121
[21] 吴翔,旋转机械的振动监测与判断,南化科技,1994,15(2):30～32
[22] 曹建平,跨世纪的自动化热点技术——现场总线,南京工业职业技术学院学报,2003,3(1):1～4
[23] 吕岗,谭得健,马方清,现场总线的特点与发展,工矿自动化,2003,(2):12～14
[24] 章剑雄,冯浩,现场总线技术概述,自动化与仪表,2002,17(6):1～3
[25] 王同胜,计算机技术及应用基础,天津:天津大学出版社,1999
[26] 周宝龙,岳继光等,基于 CAN 控制器的对等式单片机多机系统的通信,电子技术应用,2001,27(2):23～25
[27] 窦振中,PIC 系列单片机原理和程序设计,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[28] 康华光,电子技术基础,北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[29] MICROCHIP,MPLAB-ICD TUTORIAL,1999
[30] [美]微芯科技股份有限公司,PIC 单片机宏汇编与集成开发环境,北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[31] 邬宽明,CAN 总线原理和应用系统设计,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
[32] 黄战华,微机原理与接口技术, 北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[33] 宋玉琴,分布式系统中数据通信和管理软件的研究:[硕士学位论文],西安:西安工程科技学院,2002
[34] 丰保民,王哈力,单薏,PC 机与 PIC 单片机主从式多机通讯及其在数据检测系统中的应用,现代电子技术,2002,(10):76～77、80
[35] IMISENSORS,IMISENSORS PRODUCT CATALOG,2002
[36] 吴友宇,杨家明,一种新型的光纤 CAN 总线网络,武汉理工大学学报信息与管理工程版,2003,25(2):36～39
[37] 黎莉,张晓冬,苏治国,XC9500 系列 CPLD 在数字系统设计中的应用,现代电子技术,2002,(7):25～26
[38] 张雄伟,曹铁勇,DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用(第 2 版),北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[39] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual,2003
[40] 刘和平,严丽平,张学锋等,TMS320LF240X DSP 结构、原理及应用,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[41] 李学海,PIC 单片机实用教程-提高篇,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[42] 况荣华,容太平,I2C 总线协议及其应用,今日电子,2000,(10):17～20
[43] 胡纯宁,叶桦,基于 CAN 总线技术的无线通信网桥的实现,微型机与应用,2003,22(3):32～33、37
[44] 武小红、成立、傅海军,利用 CAN 总线技术构建分布式监控系统,农机化研究,2004(5),138～140
[45] 余张国、李磊民、聂诗良、李众立,一种基于 CAN 总线的工程机械通用控制方案,西南科技大学学报,2004,19(2),19～21
[46] 郭根启、唐萤,基于 CAN 总线的光电信息采集传输系统设计,光学与光电技术,2004,2(3),48～50
[2] MICROCHIP,PIC18XXX8 CAN Driver with Prioritized Transmit Buffer,2002
[3] MICROCHIP,MCP2551 Data Sheet, 2002
[4] 吴涤,祝建培,一种基于 SPI 的 PIC 单片机多机通信的方法,电子技术,2001,28(2):35～38
[5] 刘和平等,PIC16F87X 单片机实用软件与接口技术,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[6] Klaus Janschek, Annerose Braune, Application of Industrial CAN Bus Technology for LEO-satellites, Acta astronautica, 2000,46(2-6)313-317
[7] Rietz, S.;Schneider, B.;Bender, S.;Multisensor signal processing with CAN bus interface, Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical, 1997,62(1-3 pt 3)729-733
[8] Rodd, M.G.;Dimyati, K.;Motus, L., Design and analysis of low-cost real-time fieldbus systems, Control Engineering Practice, 1998,6(1)83-91
[9] Hall, John, Multiplex fieldbus system works with/without user programming, Chilton's I&CS (Instrumentation & Control Systems), 1994,67(5)83-83
[10] S. Cavalieri, S. Monforte, Multicycle Polling Scheduling Algorithms for FieldBus Networks, Real-Time Systems, 2003,25(2-3)157-185
[11] Richard Piggin;Ken Young, Machine safety with fieldbus, Process engineering, 2000,81(5)41-42
[12] Paul G Ranky, Modular fieldbus designs and applications, Assembly Automation, 2000,20(1)40-46
[13] XILINX,The Programmable Logic Data Book,1998
[14] Eduardo Tovar, Real-Time Fieldbus Communications Using Profibus Networks, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1999,46(6)1241-1251
[15] L. Almeida, R. Pasadas, Using a planning scheduler to improve the flexibility of real-time fieldbus networks, Control Engineering Practice, 1999, 7(1) 101-108
[16] 廖明夫,网络技术在旋转机制状态监测与故障诊断中的应用:[硕士学位论文],西安:西北工业大学,2001
[17] 万曼影,盛伟瑜,李巍,全数字式机舱监测报警系统,中国造船,2002,43(2):90～94
[18] 马立明,魏小成,焦建勇,现场总线与现场总线控制系统,河北省科学院学报,2002,19(4):237～240
[19] 阳宪惠,现场总线技术及其应用,北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[20] 孙丽萍,聂武,船舶结构振动噪声分析及其进展,船舶力学,2003,7(1):116～121
[21] 吴翔,旋转机械的振动监测与判断,南化科技,1994,15(2):30～32
[22] 曹建平,跨世纪的自动化热点技术——现场总线,南京工业职业技术学院学报,2003,3(1):1～4
[23] 吕岗,谭得健,马方清,现场总线的特点与发展,工矿自动化,2003,(2):12～14
[24] 章剑雄,冯浩,现场总线技术概述,自动化与仪表,2002,17(6):1～3
[25] 王同胜,计算机技术及应用基础,天津:天津大学出版社,1999
[26] 周宝龙,岳继光等,基于 CAN 控制器的对等式单片机多机系统的通信,电子技术应用,2001,27(2):23～25
[27] 窦振中,PIC 系列单片机原理和程序设计,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[28] 康华光,电子技术基础,北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[29] MICROCHIP,MPLAB-ICD TUTORIAL,1999
[30] [美]微芯科技股份有限公司,PIC 单片机宏汇编与集成开发环境,北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[31] 邬宽明,CAN 总线原理和应用系统设计,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
[32] 黄战华,微机原理与接口技术, 北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[33] 宋玉琴,分布式系统中数据通信和管理软件的研究:[硕士学位论文],西安:西安工程科技学院,2002
[34] 丰保民,王哈力,单薏,PC 机与 PIC 单片机主从式多机通讯及其在数据检测系统中的应用,现代电子技术,2002,(10):76～77、80
[35] IMISENSORS,IMISENSORS PRODUCT CATALOG,2002
[36] 吴友宇,杨家明,一种新型的光纤 CAN 总线网络,武汉理工大学学报信息与管理工程版,2003,25(2):36～39
[37] 黎莉,张晓冬,苏治国,XC9500 系列 CPLD 在数字系统设计中的应用,现代电子技术,2002,(7):25～26
[38] 张雄伟,曹铁勇,DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用(第 2 版),北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[39] TEXAS INSTRUMENTS,TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processors Data Manual,2003
[40] 刘和平,严丽平,张学锋等,TMS320LF240X DSP 结构、原理及应用,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[41] 李学海,PIC 单片机实用教程-提高篇,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[42] 况荣华,容太平,I2C 总线协议及其应用,今日电子,2000,(10):17～20
[43] 胡纯宁,叶桦,基于 CAN 总线技术的无线通信网桥的实现,微型机与应用,2003,22(3):32～33、37
[44] 武小红、成立、傅海军,利用 CAN 总线技术构建分布式监控系统,农机化研究,2004(5),138～140
[45] 余张国、李磊民、聂诗良、李众立,一种基于 CAN 总线的工程机械通用控制方案,西南科技大学学报,2004,19(2),19～21
[46] 郭根启、唐萤,基于 CAN 总线的光电信息采集传输系统设计,光学与光电技术,2004,2(3),48～50