面向工作流的系统建模技术与工具研究
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摘要
随着网络通信、分布式处理和数据库技术的迅速发展，工作流技术成为解决企业或部门经营管理和生产过程管理自动化、办公工作自动化(Office Automation，OA)和无纸化的主流技术。本文作者以参与开发的“玉溪法院案件管理信息系统(Yuxi Court Case Management Information System，YX-CCMIS)”项目工作为背景，研究了面向工作流的系统建模技术，并探讨性地提出了一种扩展的面向工作流的建模程序和描述工具。
在本文中，作者首先对“玉溪法院案件管理信息系统”的开发与实现进行了详细地介绍。在该系统的分析设计中，课题组引入了两种新的业务流程描述技术——扩展的数据流程图(Extended Data Flow Diagram，EDFD)技术和业务流程控制时序图(Processing Control Sequence Diagram，PCSD)技术，在一定程度上克服了传统的数据流程图(Data Flow Diagram，DFD)对描述面向工作流系统的不足。
在系统开发工作完成之后，作者进一步研究了现有的面向工作流的各种技术，探讨了工作流技术的相关概念、参考模型以及常用的建模技术和工具，并分析和比较了主要的工作流模型的优点和缺点。针对目前工作流模型描述工具所存在的不足之处，作者探讨性地提出了一种扩展的面向工作流的建模程序和描述工具——EMTWA(Extended Modeling Tool for Workflow oriented Application system)。本文重点讨论了描述工具EMTWA中的相关概念，定义了该描述工具所使用的基本符号和变迁结构，并简要地讨论了其使用原则和方法。最后，利用描述工具EMTWA对“玉溪法院案件管理信息系统”中的部分流程进行了描述。
Workflow has been becoming a more and more important concept both in office automation and in enterprise automation with regard to network based computer application systems. Based on the experience gained in the project "Yuxi Court Case Management Information System (YX-CCMIS)", the author has directed her effort to the modeling techniques and tools for design of workflow oriented application systems.
In this dissertation, a comprehensive description of the YX-CCMIS is provided, where two novel techniques were introduced in order to give a better representation of the workflow oriented feature. The EDFD (Extended Data Flow Diagram) is promptly invented to solve the inadequacy of the traditional DFD technique in specifying data flow constraints, while the PCSD (Processing Control Sequence Diagram) is partially borrowed from time-sequence diagram widely used in netwbrk community.
Having finished with the YX-CCMIS, the author continued her work on workflow oriented techniques, with a special interest in modeling techniques and description tools. In order to improve the techniques including those used in development of the YX-CCMIS, a comprehensive study of workflow oriented techniques and models is presented in this dissertation. As a result, a modeling procedure and a modeling description tool called the EMTWA (Extended Modeling Tool for Workflow oriented Application system) are tentatively introduced, and definition of a symbol set for describing the model is also provided as an extension to existing techniques. In order to demonstrate its workability, partial description of YX-CCMIS is used as an example.
在本文中，作者首先对“玉溪法院案件管理信息系统”的开发与实现进行了详细地介绍。在该系统的分析设计中，课题组引入了两种新的业务流程描述技术——扩展的数据流程图(Extended Data Flow Diagram，EDFD)技术和业务流程控制时序图(Processing Control Sequence Diagram，PCSD)技术，在一定程度上克服了传统的数据流程图(Data Flow Diagram，DFD)对描述面向工作流系统的不足。
在系统开发工作完成之后，作者进一步研究了现有的面向工作流的各种技术，探讨了工作流技术的相关概念、参考模型以及常用的建模技术和工具，并分析和比较了主要的工作流模型的优点和缺点。针对目前工作流模型描述工具所存在的不足之处，作者探讨性地提出了一种扩展的面向工作流的建模程序和描述工具——EMTWA(Extended Modeling Tool for Workflow oriented Application system)。本文重点讨论了描述工具EMTWA中的相关概念，定义了该描述工具所使用的基本符号和变迁结构，并简要地讨论了其使用原则和方法。最后，利用描述工具EMTWA对“玉溪法院案件管理信息系统”中的部分流程进行了描述。
Workflow has been becoming a more and more important concept both in office automation and in enterprise automation with regard to network based computer application systems. Based on the experience gained in the project "Yuxi Court Case Management Information System (YX-CCMIS)", the author has directed her effort to the modeling techniques and tools for design of workflow oriented application systems.
In this dissertation, a comprehensive description of the YX-CCMIS is provided, where two novel techniques were introduced in order to give a better representation of the workflow oriented feature. The EDFD (Extended Data Flow Diagram) is promptly invented to solve the inadequacy of the traditional DFD technique in specifying data flow constraints, while the PCSD (Processing Control Sequence Diagram) is partially borrowed from time-sequence diagram widely used in netwbrk community.
Having finished with the YX-CCMIS, the author continued her work on workflow oriented techniques, with a special interest in modeling techniques and description tools. In order to improve the techniques including those used in development of the YX-CCMIS, a comprehensive study of workflow oriented techniques and models is presented in this dissertation. As a result, a modeling procedure and a modeling description tool called the EMTWA (Extended Modeling Tool for Workflow oriented Application system) are tentatively introduced, and definition of a symbol set for describing the model is also provided as an extension to existing techniques. In order to demonstrate its workability, partial description of YX-CCMIS is used as an example.
引文
[1] 范玉顺．工作流管理技术基础——实现企业业务过程重组、过程管理与过程自动化的核心技术．北京：清华大学出版社、施普林格出版社，2001
[2] Heather Stark. Understanding Workflow[M].WORKFLOW HANDBOOK, 1997:3～17
[3] WfMC. The WfMC Glossary. 1996
[4] Workflow Management Coalition. The workflow reference model. WFMC TC00-1003, 1994
[5] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow management coalition terminology & glossary. WFMC TC00-1011, 1994
[6] 张志勇，田启家，史忠植．一种基于工作流的软件需求分析方法．计算机工程与应用，2002，17：106～109
[7] 刘铁铭，范玉顺．基于工作流的企业过程的建模和仿真技术研究．清华大学学报，2000，40(1)
[8] 任挺，曾华燊，宋波．法院业务管理信息系统的开发技术研究，计算机应用，2002，22(增刊)：183～185
[9] 叶立新，陈闳中，郑航，罗成平．基于工作流技术的OA系统模型．计算机工程与应用，2000，6
[10] Clarence Ellis, Karim Keddara. ML-DEWS: Modeling Language to Support Dynamic Evolution within Workflow Systems. CSCW 9, 2000
[11] Van der Aalst W M P. The application of Petri nets to workflow management. Journal of Circuits, Systems, and computers, 1998, 8(1)
[12] 袁崇义．Petri网原理．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[13] Alonso G, Mohan C, Gunthor R, et al. Exotica/FMOM: a persistent message-based architecture for distributed workflow management. In Proc. of IFIP WG 8.1 Workgroup Conference on Information System Development for Decentralized Organizations (ISDO95), Trondheim, Norway, August 1995
[14] Workflow Management Coalition. Interface 1:Process definition interchange and process model. Technical Report, WfMC-TC-1016-P, Workflow Management Coalition, 1998
[15] Carlsen S. Conceptual Modeling and Composition of Flexible Workflow
Models. Ph. D Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 1997
[16] 麦中凡，薛瑜．工作流管理系统：概念、内容和现状．计算机工程与应用，1999，增刊
[17] 范玉顺，吴澄．工作流管理技术研究与产品现状及发展趋势．计算机集成制造系统CIMS．2000，6 (1)
[18] 何勇，王卫红，费奇．基于Petri网的建模支持．华中理工大学学报．1995，23 (5)
[19] 窦万春，蔡士杰．基于Petri网的工作流技术复合建模与系统分解．计算机集成制造系统CIMS．2002，8 (5)
[20] 谭支鹏．工作流技术在MIS系统设计中的Petri网分析．小型微型计算机系统．2002，23 (2)
[21] 汪涛，黄力芹，吴耿锋．工作流管理的发展历程和趋势．计算机工程与科学．2001，23 (1)
[22] 张德壮，李俊海，耿继秀．工作流管理技术综述．计算机应用．2000，20 (5)
[23] 孙恭昊．基于WEB的工作流技术的研究与实现．西南交通大学硕士论文．2002
[24] 张维．基于角色访问控制的研究及其在法院系统中的应用．西南交通大学硕士论文．2003
[25] 史美林，杨光信，向勇等．WfMS：工作流管理系统[J]．计算机学报．1999，22 (3)
[26] 史美林，杨光信，向勇等．一个基于Web的工作流管理系统[J]．软件学报．1999，10 (11)
[27] 李颖，曾春，宋宝燕等．Scope Work系统工作流定义语言SWDL的设计[J]．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)．1999，35 (8)
[28] http://www.simflow.net/Projects/NSF/ProjFMSPN.htm
[29] http://www.simflow.net/Projects/863Projects/WorkflowBPR/Projwf.htm
[30] http://www.simflow.net/Workflow/workflow.htm
[31] http://www.simflow.net/Projects/863Keytech/EnterpriseModeling/EnModel.htm
[32] http://www.simflow.net/Workflow/wfclassfy.htm
[33] http://www.simflow.net/Workflow/wfms.htm
[34] http://www.simflow.net/software/CIMflowtool/CIMFlowDesigner.htm
[35] http://www.simflow.net/software/IEMtool/IEMTS.htm.
[36] http://www.simflow.net/software/CIMflowtool/CIMFlowExecutor.htm
[37] http://www.simflow.net/software/CIMflowtool/CIMFlowSimulator.htm
[38] http://www.simflow.net/software/WEBflow/WF_web.htm
[39] http://www.simflow.net/Workflow/wfreference.htm
[40] http://www.e-workflow.org/bookstore/introduction_to_workflow02.pdf
[41] http://www.e-workflow.org/
[42] http://www.wfmc.org/
[43] http://www.e-workflow.org/standards/workflow_ref_model.pdf
[44] http://www.e-workflow.org/bookstore/handbook02.htm
[2] Heather Stark. Understanding Workflow[M].WORKFLOW HANDBOOK, 1997:3～17
[3] WfMC. The WfMC Glossary. 1996
[4] Workflow Management Coalition. The workflow reference model. WFMC TC00-1003, 1994
[5] Workflow Management Coalition. Workflow management coalition terminology & glossary. WFMC TC00-1011, 1994
[6] 张志勇，田启家，史忠植．一种基于工作流的软件需求分析方法．计算机工程与应用，2002，17：106～109
[7] 刘铁铭，范玉顺．基于工作流的企业过程的建模和仿真技术研究．清华大学学报，2000，40(1)
[8] 任挺，曾华燊，宋波．法院业务管理信息系统的开发技术研究，计算机应用，2002，22(增刊)：183～185
[9] 叶立新，陈闳中，郑航，罗成平．基于工作流技术的OA系统模型．计算机工程与应用，2000，6
[10] Clarence Ellis, Karim Keddara. ML-DEWS: Modeling Language to Support Dynamic Evolution within Workflow Systems. CSCW 9, 2000
[11] Van der Aalst W M P. The application of Petri nets to workflow management. Journal of Circuits, Systems, and computers, 1998, 8(1)
[12] 袁崇义．Petri网原理．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[13] Alonso G, Mohan C, Gunthor R, et al. Exotica/FMOM: a persistent message-based architecture for distributed workflow management. In Proc. of IFIP WG 8.1 Workgroup Conference on Information System Development for Decentralized Organizations (ISDO95), Trondheim, Norway, August 1995
[14] Workflow Management Coalition. Interface 1:Process definition interchange and process model. Technical Report, WfMC-TC-1016-P, Workflow Management Coalition, 1998
[15] Carlsen S. Conceptual Modeling and Composition of Flexible Workflow
Models. Ph. D Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 1997
[16] 麦中凡，薛瑜．工作流管理系统：概念、内容和现状．计算机工程与应用，1999，增刊
[17] 范玉顺，吴澄．工作流管理技术研究与产品现状及发展趋势．计算机集成制造系统CIMS．2000，6 (1)
[18] 何勇，王卫红，费奇．基于Petri网的建模支持．华中理工大学学报．1995，23 (5)
[19] 窦万春，蔡士杰．基于Petri网的工作流技术复合建模与系统分解．计算机集成制造系统CIMS．2002，8 (5)
[20] 谭支鹏．工作流技术在MIS系统设计中的Petri网分析．小型微型计算机系统．2002，23 (2)
[21] 汪涛，黄力芹，吴耿锋．工作流管理的发展历程和趋势．计算机工程与科学．2001，23 (1)
[22] 张德壮，李俊海，耿继秀．工作流管理技术综述．计算机应用．2000，20 (5)
[23] 孙恭昊．基于WEB的工作流技术的研究与实现．西南交通大学硕士论文．2002
[24] 张维．基于角色访问控制的研究及其在法院系统中的应用．西南交通大学硕士论文．2003
[25] 史美林，杨光信，向勇等．WfMS：工作流管理系统[J]．计算机学报．1999，22 (3)
[26] 史美林，杨光信，向勇等．一个基于Web的工作流管理系统[J]．软件学报．1999，10 (11)
[27] 李颖，曾春，宋宝燕等．Scope Work系统工作流定义语言SWDL的设计[J]．兰州大学学报(自然科学版)．1999，35 (8)
[28] http://www.simflow.net/Projects/NSF/ProjFMSPN.htm
[29] http://www.simflow.net/Projects/863Projects/WorkflowBPR/Projwf.htm
[30] http://www.simflow.net/Workflow/workflow.htm
[31] http://www.simflow.net/Projects/863Keytech/EnterpriseModeling/EnModel.htm
[32] http://www.simflow.net/Workflow/wfclassfy.htm
[33] http://www.simflow.net/Workflow/wfms.htm
[34] http://www.simflow.net/software/CIMflowtool/CIMFlowDesigner.htm
[35] http://www.simflow.net/software/IEMtool/IEMTS.htm.
[36] http://www.simflow.net/software/CIMflowtool/CIMFlowExecutor.htm
[37] http://www.simflow.net/software/CIMflowtool/CIMFlowSimulator.htm
[38] http://www.simflow.net/software/WEBflow/WF_web.htm
[39] http://www.simflow.net/Workflow/wfreference.htm
[40] http://www.e-workflow.org/bookstore/introduction_to_workflow02.pdf
[41] http://www.e-workflow.org/
[42] http://www.wfmc.org/
[43] http://www.e-workflow.org/standards/workflow_ref_model.pdf
[44] http://www.e-workflow.org/bookstore/handbook02.htm