生物陶瓷人工关节烧结及加工过程可视化研究
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摘要
生物陶瓷人工关节烧结及加工过程可视化研究以现代计算机技术、信息技术为基础，综合运用仿真、虚拟现实以及现代材料科学等技术，在计算机上对生物陶瓷人工关节的设计、制造等生产全过程和制造环境统一建模，实现人工关节烧结工艺的计算机模拟，直观的显示了烧结条件对生物陶瓷性能的影响，有利于技术人员控制烧结条件制备出所要求性能的生物陶瓷；对人工关节数控加工过程进行仿真，免去了试切环节，验证了数控代码，提高了效率。
利用面向对象方法，这里仅考虑了体积扩散机制单独起作用及表面扩散与体积扩散机制同时起作用时的两种烧结情况。在进行合理假设情况下建立了双球模型，给出了氧化铝陶瓷烧结的数学模型及烧结过程中的动力学方程，并在计算机上进行了模拟。模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。
从整个虚拟制造系统的角度出发，研究出了一套数控加工过程仿真的总体框架。在这里，数控仿真是基于数控程序的数控加工过程仿真，数控代码解释器是这个系统的关键部分。数控代码是驱动整个加工环境运作的执行依据，是连接虚拟制造系统与数控加工系统的桥梁。目前，还很少有直接通过NC代码来驱动仿真加工过程，所以将NC代码翻译成计算机能够识别的信息具有非常重要的意义。
Research on visualizing of biological ceramic artificial joint sintering and machining process is based on modern computer and information technology, combined with simulation, VR and modern material science, establish model on computer aim at the design and machining process biologic ceramic artificial joint, display vividly the effect on biologic ceramic performance by sintering condition. It is propitious to technician control sintering condition to make the answered biological ceramic. The NC machining process simulation of artificial joint can avoid the test-cutting tache and verify the NC code, so work efficiency will be boost.
O-O way has been applied in this paper and the two -ball model has been established in this paper under reasonable assumption. In this paper, we discuss mainly two kinds of sintering circs that volume diffusing system work solely and surface-volume system work synchronously. We produce the mathematic model of AbOs ceramic sintering and kinetic equation of sintering process, and simulate it on computer. The simulation results are consistent with test results.
From the VR point of view, the author worked out a complete set of NC simulation system. The NC machining simulation system is based on NC program, and NC code translator is the key part of this system. NC code is the force to drive machining environment. It is a bridge contacts VR with NC simulation. Now, there is rarely simulation machining process is driven directly by NC code, so translate NC code into information that computer can identify is very significant.
利用面向对象方法，这里仅考虑了体积扩散机制单独起作用及表面扩散与体积扩散机制同时起作用时的两种烧结情况。在进行合理假设情况下建立了双球模型，给出了氧化铝陶瓷烧结的数学模型及烧结过程中的动力学方程，并在计算机上进行了模拟。模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合。
从整个虚拟制造系统的角度出发，研究出了一套数控加工过程仿真的总体框架。在这里，数控仿真是基于数控程序的数控加工过程仿真，数控代码解释器是这个系统的关键部分。数控代码是驱动整个加工环境运作的执行依据，是连接虚拟制造系统与数控加工系统的桥梁。目前，还很少有直接通过NC代码来驱动仿真加工过程，所以将NC代码翻译成计算机能够识别的信息具有非常重要的意义。
Research on visualizing of biological ceramic artificial joint sintering and machining process is based on modern computer and information technology, combined with simulation, VR and modern material science, establish model on computer aim at the design and machining process biologic ceramic artificial joint, display vividly the effect on biologic ceramic performance by sintering condition. It is propitious to technician control sintering condition to make the answered biological ceramic. The NC machining process simulation of artificial joint can avoid the test-cutting tache and verify the NC code, so work efficiency will be boost.
O-O way has been applied in this paper and the two -ball model has been established in this paper under reasonable assumption. In this paper, we discuss mainly two kinds of sintering circs that volume diffusing system work solely and surface-volume system work synchronously. We produce the mathematic model of AbOs ceramic sintering and kinetic equation of sintering process, and simulate it on computer. The simulation results are consistent with test results.
From the VR point of view, the author worked out a complete set of NC simulation system. The NC machining simulation system is based on NC program, and NC code translator is the key part of this system. NC code is the force to drive machining environment. It is a bridge contacts VR with NC simulation. Now, there is rarely simulation machining process is driven directly by NC code, so translate NC code into information that computer can identify is very significant.
引文
[1] 凌玲，定做式人工髋关节计算机辅助置换临床工程系统，上海交通大学博士论文，1997
[2] 李世普．生物医用材料导论．武汉：武汉工业大学出版社，2000．8
[3] 尹衍升，张景德．氧化铝陶瓷及其复合材料．北京：化学工业出版社，2001．6
[4] 高瑞平．先进陶瓷物理与化学原理及技术．北京：科学出版社，2001．2
[5] 李世普．特种陶瓷工艺学。武汉：武汉工业大学出版社，1997．1
[6] 熊兆贤．陶瓷材料的分形研究，北京：科学出版社，2000
[7] H. E. Exer, E. Arzt, Sintering-Key Papers, Eds., S. Somiga, Y. Moriyoshi, Elsever Applied Science, London157(1987)
[8] 段仁官，梁开明，顾守仁．快速烧结新技术．中国陶瓷，vol.33 No.6 Dec.1997
[9] S.D.Numm, H. Hohlwake, L.J. Gaueker, Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 57[3], 1978
[10] 代新祥．低温烧结氧化铝生物陶瓷材料的研究．武汉工业大学硕士论文．1999．6
[11] [德]H．舒尔兹，陶瓷物理及化学原理．黄照柏译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1975
[12] 徐维新．薛文龙编译．精细陶瓷技术．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1989
[13] [波]R.帕姆普奇．陶瓷材料性能导论(杨宇乾，庄柄群，陈秀琴译)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1984
[14] R.Moreno. The role of slip additives in tape-casting technology: part1-solvents and dispersants. Am, Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1992, 71[10]: 1521-1531
[15] R.Moreno. The role of slip additives in tape-casting technology: part2-blinders and plasticizers. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1992, 71[11]: 1647-1657
[16] [捷]奥德日哈，迪希．陶瓷的烧成．刘桢译，刘秉诚校．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1989
[17] 杨守峰，张世新，田杰漠：精细陶瓷成型新工艺，功能材料，1998．4
[18] L.H.V.Vlack, Gerometry of Microstructure, Proc. Symp. On Microstructure of Ceramics Masterials, 1(1964).
[19] 黄勇，杨金龙，谢志等．高性能陶瓷成型工艺进展．现代技术陶瓷，1995(4)：4-11
[20] 国文．缺陷、扩散与烧结．北京：清华大学出版社，1990，70-100
[21] 范杜岭，宜淑芳．陶瓷干燥收缩与总收缩的关系．中国陶瓷，2001，37(5)：37-38
[22] 刘大成．氧化铝陶瓷及其烧结．中国陶瓷，1998，31(5)：13-15
[23] Boutin, Christel. The Use of Dense Alumina-alumina Cerbinationin Total Hip Relacements. Journal of Biomedical Material Research, 1988, 22(10): 1203-1232
[24] 轻工业部第一轻工业局．日用陶瓷工业手册．北京：轻工业出版社，1984
[25] Cynthia A. Powell-dogan and Arthur H. Heuer. Microstructure of 96% ceramics:I, CharacterizationofAs-Sinteredmaterials.J.Am. Ceram. Soc, 1990: 73(12): 3670-3676
[26] 杨有君．数字控制技术与数控机床北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[27] 韩至骏，李德庆等编著．数控机床技术．北京：机械工程师进修大学，1987
[28] 于华．数控机床的编程与实例．北京：机械工业出版社，1996
[29] 刘雄伟．数控加工理论与编程技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1994
[30] 陈志伟，关于国外NC加工仿真技术的现状分析，成组技术与生产现代化，1996．3
[31] 张力，邓家提．数控产品模型与面向集成的数控编程系统的研究与实现．计算机集成制造系统，1998，5(4)：23～26
[32] J. K. Mackenzie, R. Shuttleworth. Proc. Phys. Soc.(London), 1949: B62: 833
[33] Ei.Mounayri H, Elbestawi M A, Spence A D , et al. General geometric modeling approach for machining process simulation.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1997(13) :237-247
[34] Oliver J H.Efficient intersectin of surface normals with milling tool swept volumes for discrete three-axis NC verfication.International Journal of Mechanical Design,1992(114) :283-287
[35] Kuipers B,Chiu C,Dalle Metal,Higher-order derivative constraints in qualitivesimulation.Aftificallntelligence, 1991,51 (1-3) :343-379
[36] Kuipers B, Berleant D, U sing incomplate quatitative information in qualitative reasoning.In:Proce of the National Conf on Artificial Intelligence.Los ALTOS,CA:Morgan Kaufman, 1988． 324-329
[37] Kuipers B.Qualitative Reasonling:Modeling and Simulaation with Incomplate Knowledge Cambridge:The MIT Press, 1994
[38] Vercovi M Faqubar A Iwasaki Y .Numerical interval simulation:Combined qualitative and quantitative simulation to bound behavious of non-monotonic systems.In:Proc if Int'l Joint Conf on Artificial Intelligence.Montreal,Canda, 1995． 1806-1813
[39] Tetreault M.Improving qualitative simulation with interval arithmetic and additional constraints.Int J of Intelligent Systems,1996,11(2) :1041-1057
[40] 董献中,数控机庆结构与编程。北京：机械工业出版社，1999． 9． 104-144
[41] 李香敏，3DSMAX3． 0 一步到位，四川：电子科技大学出版社，1999． 8． 1-10
[2] 李世普．生物医用材料导论．武汉：武汉工业大学出版社，2000．8
[3] 尹衍升，张景德．氧化铝陶瓷及其复合材料．北京：化学工业出版社，2001．6
[4] 高瑞平．先进陶瓷物理与化学原理及技术．北京：科学出版社，2001．2
[5] 李世普．特种陶瓷工艺学。武汉：武汉工业大学出版社，1997．1
[6] 熊兆贤．陶瓷材料的分形研究，北京：科学出版社，2000
[7] H. E. Exer, E. Arzt, Sintering-Key Papers, Eds., S. Somiga, Y. Moriyoshi, Elsever Applied Science, London157(1987)
[8] 段仁官，梁开明，顾守仁．快速烧结新技术．中国陶瓷，vol.33 No.6 Dec.1997
[9] S.D.Numm, H. Hohlwake, L.J. Gaueker, Amer. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 57[3], 1978
[10] 代新祥．低温烧结氧化铝生物陶瓷材料的研究．武汉工业大学硕士论文．1999．6
[11] [德]H．舒尔兹，陶瓷物理及化学原理．黄照柏译．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1975
[12] 徐维新．薛文龙编译．精细陶瓷技术．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1989
[13] [波]R.帕姆普奇．陶瓷材料性能导论(杨宇乾，庄柄群，陈秀琴译)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1984
[14] R.Moreno. The role of slip additives in tape-casting technology: part1-solvents and dispersants. Am, Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1992, 71[10]: 1521-1531
[15] R.Moreno. The role of slip additives in tape-casting technology: part2-blinders and plasticizers. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1992, 71[11]: 1647-1657
[16] [捷]奥德日哈，迪希．陶瓷的烧成．刘桢译，刘秉诚校．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1989
[17] 杨守峰，张世新，田杰漠：精细陶瓷成型新工艺，功能材料，1998．4
[18] L.H.V.Vlack, Gerometry of Microstructure, Proc. Symp. On Microstructure of Ceramics Masterials, 1(1964).
[19] 黄勇，杨金龙，谢志等．高性能陶瓷成型工艺进展．现代技术陶瓷，1995(4)：4-11
[20] 国文．缺陷、扩散与烧结．北京：清华大学出版社，1990，70-100
[21] 范杜岭，宜淑芳．陶瓷干燥收缩与总收缩的关系．中国陶瓷，2001，37(5)：37-38
[22] 刘大成．氧化铝陶瓷及其烧结．中国陶瓷，1998，31(5)：13-15
[23] Boutin, Christel. The Use of Dense Alumina-alumina Cerbinationin Total Hip Relacements. Journal of Biomedical Material Research, 1988, 22(10): 1203-1232
[24] 轻工业部第一轻工业局．日用陶瓷工业手册．北京：轻工业出版社，1984
[25] Cynthia A. Powell-dogan and Arthur H. Heuer. Microstructure of 96% ceramics:I, CharacterizationofAs-Sinteredmaterials.J.Am. Ceram. Soc, 1990: 73(12): 3670-3676
[26] 杨有君．数字控制技术与数控机床北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[27] 韩至骏，李德庆等编著．数控机床技术．北京：机械工程师进修大学，1987
[28] 于华．数控机床的编程与实例．北京：机械工业出版社，1996
[29] 刘雄伟．数控加工理论与编程技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1994
[30] 陈志伟，关于国外NC加工仿真技术的现状分析，成组技术与生产现代化，1996．3
[31] 张力，邓家提．数控产品模型与面向集成的数控编程系统的研究与实现．计算机集成制造系统，1998，5(4)：23～26
[32] J. K. Mackenzie, R. Shuttleworth. Proc. Phys. Soc.(London), 1949: B62: 833
[33] Ei.Mounayri H, Elbestawi M A, Spence A D , et al. General geometric modeling approach for machining process simulation.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1997(13) :237-247
[34] Oliver J H.Efficient intersectin of surface normals with milling tool swept volumes for discrete three-axis NC verfication.International Journal of Mechanical Design,1992(114) :283-287
[35] Kuipers B,Chiu C,Dalle Metal,Higher-order derivative constraints in qualitivesimulation.Aftificallntelligence, 1991,51 (1-3) :343-379
[36] Kuipers B, Berleant D, U sing incomplate quatitative information in qualitative reasoning.In:Proce of the National Conf on Artificial Intelligence.Los ALTOS,CA:Morgan Kaufman, 1988． 324-329
[37] Kuipers B.Qualitative Reasonling:Modeling and Simulaation with Incomplate Knowledge Cambridge:The MIT Press, 1994
[38] Vercovi M Faqubar A Iwasaki Y .Numerical interval simulation:Combined qualitative and quantitative simulation to bound behavious of non-monotonic systems.In:Proc if Int'l Joint Conf on Artificial Intelligence.Montreal,Canda, 1995． 1806-1813
[39] Tetreault M.Improving qualitative simulation with interval arithmetic and additional constraints.Int J of Intelligent Systems,1996,11(2) :1041-1057
[40] 董献中,数控机庆结构与编程。北京：机械工业出版社，1999． 9． 104-144
[41] 李香敏，3DSMAX3． 0 一步到位，四川：电子科技大学出版社，1999． 8． 1-10