青霉素浓度测试系统设计及仿真分析
摘要
青霉素被广泛用于兽药中用来预防及治疗奶牛疾病,如果频繁或超剂量使用,就会使牛奶中残留一定量的青霉素。由于牛奶与人们的日常生活息息相关,人长期饮用或食用有青霉素残留的牛乳或乳制品,就会严重影响食用者的身体健康。传统的青霉素检测方法有很多,但这些方法都具有测试时间长、操作繁琐、测试精度低、费用高等缺点。生物传感器在当前电化学和电分析化学的研究领域十分活跃,目前已经应用到生命科学、环境科学、分析科学、材料科学等许多方面。由于其所特有的检测快速、灵敏度高、专一性强、简单经济等优点,较之青霉素残留的传统检测方法,更易于实现现场检测。因此,本文应用离子敏场效应管作为传感器来测定青霉素的浓度,并以TMS320LF2407A为系统的控制核心,进行了青霉素浓度测试系统的设计。
由于MOSFET与ISFET具有相似的结构,因此本文首先从MOSFET器件性能出发,详细分析了ISFET的特性,从而得出青霉素浓度与电信号之间存在一定的函数关系,在此基础上选择电流测量法对传感器的电信号进行读取。然后以TMS320LF2407A为控制核心,对测试系统的外围电路进行设计,包括传感器的放大与滤波电路、A/D转换电路、存储器扩展电路、键盘/显示接口电路及串行通讯接口电路等硬件部分的设计及相应的软件设计。由于DSP外围接口的逻辑控制繁多,使用CPLD作为DSP与其外围器件之间的接口,简化了系统的设计。
本系统以离子敏场效应管为换能元件,并将DSP和CPLD相结合的技术应用到青霉素浓度测试系统。该系统能快速、准确地检测出青霉素的浓度。目前,国内外应用此类技术检测青霉素浓度的相关报道和文献较少,因此本文对后续研究工作具有一定的参考价值。
Penicillin is widely used to prevent and cure cow’s diseases in veterinarian. However, if it is used frequently or over-quantity, there will be a certain quantity of penicillin left in milk. For milk is closely bound with everybody’s daily life, it must have influenced people’s health strongly if people drink milk containing rudimental penicillin for a long period. There are many traditional methods for detecting penicillin, but all of them have many disadvantages, such as long detecting time, fussy operation, low detecting precision, and high expense. Presently, biosensor is flourishing in the domains of electrochemistry and electro analysis chemistry, and it has been used in a good many aspects such as life sciences, environment sciences, analysis sciences, material sciences. Compared with the conventional detecting penicillin methods, biosensor is easier to realize the detection on the spot, due to its own merits such as fast detection, high sensitivity, better specialization, briefness and economy. Therefore, using ion-sensitivity field effect transistor (ISFET) as sensor and TMS320LF2407A as the control core, the system of detecting the penicillin concentration is designed.
Because MOSFET and ISFET have similar structures, the traits of ISFET are analyzed in detail from the performance of MOSFET. Thereby the certain functional relation of penicillin concentration and electroencephalogram (EEG) could be gained. Based on the above the electricity current method to read EEG of the sensor is chosen. Using TMS320LF2407A as the control core, the periphery circuit of the detecting system is designed, including the design of hardware and software of magnify and filter circuit, A/D converter, memorizer expanded circuit, clavier-show interface circuit, serial communication interface circuit, etc. Owing to the various logic control of DSP periphery interface, CPLD is used as the interface of DSP and its periphery parts to simplify the design of the system.
This system takes ISFET as transducer components, and applies DSP and CPLD to the system of detecting the penicillin concentration. And the system could detect the penicillin concentration quickly and exactly. At present, there are less correlative reports and literatures which adopt this technology to detect the penicillin concentration. Therefore, this article is valuable to the coming study work.
由于MOSFET与ISFET具有相似的结构,因此本文首先从MOSFET器件性能出发,详细分析了ISFET的特性,从而得出青霉素浓度与电信号之间存在一定的函数关系,在此基础上选择电流测量法对传感器的电信号进行读取。然后以TMS320LF2407A为控制核心,对测试系统的外围电路进行设计,包括传感器的放大与滤波电路、A/D转换电路、存储器扩展电路、键盘/显示接口电路及串行通讯接口电路等硬件部分的设计及相应的软件设计。由于DSP外围接口的逻辑控制繁多,使用CPLD作为DSP与其外围器件之间的接口,简化了系统的设计。
本系统以离子敏场效应管为换能元件,并将DSP和CPLD相结合的技术应用到青霉素浓度测试系统。该系统能快速、准确地检测出青霉素的浓度。目前,国内外应用此类技术检测青霉素浓度的相关报道和文献较少,因此本文对后续研究工作具有一定的参考价值。
Penicillin is widely used to prevent and cure cow’s diseases in veterinarian. However, if it is used frequently or over-quantity, there will be a certain quantity of penicillin left in milk. For milk is closely bound with everybody’s daily life, it must have influenced people’s health strongly if people drink milk containing rudimental penicillin for a long period. There are many traditional methods for detecting penicillin, but all of them have many disadvantages, such as long detecting time, fussy operation, low detecting precision, and high expense. Presently, biosensor is flourishing in the domains of electrochemistry and electro analysis chemistry, and it has been used in a good many aspects such as life sciences, environment sciences, analysis sciences, material sciences. Compared with the conventional detecting penicillin methods, biosensor is easier to realize the detection on the spot, due to its own merits such as fast detection, high sensitivity, better specialization, briefness and economy. Therefore, using ion-sensitivity field effect transistor (ISFET) as sensor and TMS320LF2407A as the control core, the system of detecting the penicillin concentration is designed.
Because MOSFET and ISFET have similar structures, the traits of ISFET are analyzed in detail from the performance of MOSFET. Thereby the certain functional relation of penicillin concentration and electroencephalogram (EEG) could be gained. Based on the above the electricity current method to read EEG of the sensor is chosen. Using TMS320LF2407A as the control core, the periphery circuit of the detecting system is designed, including the design of hardware and software of magnify and filter circuit, A/D converter, memorizer expanded circuit, clavier-show interface circuit, serial communication interface circuit, etc. Owing to the various logic control of DSP periphery interface, CPLD is used as the interface of DSP and its periphery parts to simplify the design of the system.
This system takes ISFET as transducer components, and applies DSP and CPLD to the system of detecting the penicillin concentration. And the system could detect the penicillin concentration quickly and exactly. At present, there are less correlative reports and literatures which adopt this technology to detect the penicillin concentration. Therefore, this article is valuable to the coming study work.
引文
1 黄晓蓉.用阻抗分析法快速检测牛奶中抗生素残留的研究. 检测技术,2003,8(2):81~84
2 Liu Ping ,LI Yuguang ,LIU Mengyou et al. Detection of Penicillin Residues in Milk by Electrochemical Biosensors. Chinese Journal of Light Scattering,2005,17(1):10~12
3 席磊,田士玲等. 牛奶中抗生素残留的原因分析与控制. 郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2003,23(1):101~103
4 吴国娟,沈红,张中文等.市售消毒纯牛奶中抗菌药物残留的检测.北京农学院学报,2002,17(2):33~37
5 张可煌,王大菊,袁宗辉等.猪和鸡可食性组织中氨苄青霉素残留的微生物学检测法. 中国兽医学报,2004,24(5):470~472
6 李俊锁. 兽药残留分析研究进展. 中国农业科学,1997,30(5):81~87
7 王超, 王星. 柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定猪肉中 5 种青霉素残留量. 分析化学, 2001,29(7): 779~781
8 Moats W.A.Determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin in milk with an automated liquid chromatographic cleanup. J.Assoc.of Anal. Chem.Int., 1994, 77(1):124~128
9 Verdon E ,Gouedor P.Multiresidue analytical method for the Determination of eight penicillin antibiotics in muscle tissue by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC after precolumn derivatization. J.Asso.of Anal.Chem.Int., 1999, 82 (5) :1083~1095
10 蔡勤仁, 曾振灵, 杨桂香.兽药残留免疫检测技术应用进展.动物医学进展,2002 ,23(2): 25~28
11 方刑有,高志贤. 食品中污染物快速检测方法的进展.中国卫生检验杂志,2004,14 (2) :254~256
12 李青. 畜产品中青霉素残留的 ELISA 法测定.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2002,9: 6~8
13 秦燕, 鲍伦军, 朱柳明. 不同基质中青霉素族抗生素残留的放射免疫分析,分析测试学报,2003, 22(5): 60~63
14 刘国艳, 柴春彦.生物传感器技术及其在检测动物性产品中药物残留的应用前景. 中国兽医学报,2004, 6(24):625~627
15 铃木周一.生物传感器.科学出版社,1988:1~4
16 赛华丽, 吴振强, 梁世中. 生物反应过程培养液成分在线检测技术进展.生 物技术通讯,2001,12(1):75~77
17 Freire R S,Thongngamdee S,Duran N,et al. Mixed enzyme (laccase/tyrosinase)-based remote electrochemical biosensor for monitoring phenolic compounds.TheAnalyst,2002,127(2):258~261
18 MS RIZK,YM ISSA et al. New ampicillin selective plastic membrane and coated metal electrodes based on ampicillinium phosphotungstate ion pair, Anal.Lett.,1 994,27(6):1055~1061
19 S .Caras,J .Janata,Field effect transistor sensitive to penicillin, Anal.C hem.,1980, 52:1935~1937
20 罗细亮, 徐静娟, 陈洪渊. 场效应晶体管生物传感器. 分析化学,2004, 32 (10):1395~1400
21 E.Galindo,D.Bautista,L.Juan,et al..Microbial sensor for Penicillins using a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb.Technol., 1990, 12(9): 642~646
22 彭军.传感器与检测技术.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:322~323
23 L Bousse, J Shott, JD Meindl. A process for the combined fabrication of ion sensors and CMOScircuits. Electron Device Letters ,1988,9 (11) : 44~46
24 Zhong Yule,Zhao Shouan,Lin Tao.Chin.J. Drift characteristics of pH-ISFET output .Semiconductor,1994,15:838~841
25 Jung-Chuan Chou, Ching-Nan Hsiao.Drift behavior of ISFETs with a-Si:H-SiO2 gate insulator.Materials Chemistry and Physics,2000,63:270~273
26 张季熊.青霉素浓度测定仪的研制.华南理工大学学报,1995,(12):136~140
27 周前能. pH-ISFET 在线监测技术的研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文,2002:7~9
28 于水生.DSP 芯片介绍及其选型.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(4):
8~11
29 张军.FPGA 与 CPLD 器件使用经验谈.测控技术,2001,20(12):57~60
30 宁改娣, 杨拴科. DSP 控制器原理及应用.科学出版社,2002,88~92
31 王立华,刘志军.DSP 系统中时钟电路的设计.电子世界,2005,5:29~30
32 佟力永, 肖山竹.基于 FPGA 和 SRAM 的数控振荡器的设计与实现.国外电子元器件,2006,(1):22~25
33 韩安太.DSP 控制器原理及其在运动控制系统中的应用.清华大学出版社,2003:110~125
34 刘宝琴等.ALTERA 可编程逻辑器件及其应用.清华大学出版社,1995:121~130
35 王金明.数字系统设计与 Verilog HDL.电子工业出版社, 2005:24~32
36 李锋, 卢佩, 刘成臣.基于单片机与 CPLD 的高速数据采集系统.自动化与仪表,2003, 18(3):57~58
37 徐志军, 徐光辉.CPLD/FPGA 的开发与应用.电子工业出版社,2002:13~16
38 黄正瑾等.CPLD 系统设计技术入门与应用.电子工业出版社, 2004:9~13
39 夏宇闻.Verilog 数字系统设计教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003:3~4
40 王幸之, 王雷, 翟成, 王闪. 单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:1~2
41 崔加前,李长安,宋秀磊.单片机中数字滤波算法的实现.电脑学习,2006,(1):43~45
42 陈群阳等.DSP 系统抗干扰技术的研究.电子质量,2004,(6):41~42
2 Liu Ping ,LI Yuguang ,LIU Mengyou et al. Detection of Penicillin Residues in Milk by Electrochemical Biosensors. Chinese Journal of Light Scattering,2005,17(1):10~12
3 席磊,田士玲等. 牛奶中抗生素残留的原因分析与控制. 郑州牧业工程高等专科学校学报,2003,23(1):101~103
4 吴国娟,沈红,张中文等.市售消毒纯牛奶中抗菌药物残留的检测.北京农学院学报,2002,17(2):33~37
5 张可煌,王大菊,袁宗辉等.猪和鸡可食性组织中氨苄青霉素残留的微生物学检测法. 中国兽医学报,2004,24(5):470~472
6 李俊锁. 兽药残留分析研究进展. 中国农业科学,1997,30(5):81~87
7 王超, 王星. 柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定猪肉中 5 种青霉素残留量. 分析化学, 2001,29(7): 779~781
8 Moats W.A.Determination of ampicillin and amoxicillin in milk with an automated liquid chromatographic cleanup. J.Assoc.of Anal. Chem.Int., 1994, 77(1):124~128
9 Verdon E ,Gouedor P.Multiresidue analytical method for the Determination of eight penicillin antibiotics in muscle tissue by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC after precolumn derivatization. J.Asso.of Anal.Chem.Int., 1999, 82 (5) :1083~1095
10 蔡勤仁, 曾振灵, 杨桂香.兽药残留免疫检测技术应用进展.动物医学进展,2002 ,23(2): 25~28
11 方刑有,高志贤. 食品中污染物快速检测方法的进展.中国卫生检验杂志,2004,14 (2) :254~256
12 李青. 畜产品中青霉素残留的 ELISA 法测定.黑龙江畜牧兽医,2002,9: 6~8
13 秦燕, 鲍伦军, 朱柳明. 不同基质中青霉素族抗生素残留的放射免疫分析,分析测试学报,2003, 22(5): 60~63
14 刘国艳, 柴春彦.生物传感器技术及其在检测动物性产品中药物残留的应用前景. 中国兽医学报,2004, 6(24):625~627
15 铃木周一.生物传感器.科学出版社,1988:1~4
16 赛华丽, 吴振强, 梁世中. 生物反应过程培养液成分在线检测技术进展.生 物技术通讯,2001,12(1):75~77
17 Freire R S,Thongngamdee S,Duran N,et al. Mixed enzyme (laccase/tyrosinase)-based remote electrochemical biosensor for monitoring phenolic compounds.TheAnalyst,2002,127(2):258~261
18 MS RIZK,YM ISSA et al. New ampicillin selective plastic membrane and coated metal electrodes based on ampicillinium phosphotungstate ion pair, Anal.Lett.,1 994,27(6):1055~1061
19 S .Caras,J .Janata,Field effect transistor sensitive to penicillin, Anal.C hem.,1980, 52:1935~1937
20 罗细亮, 徐静娟, 陈洪渊. 场效应晶体管生物传感器. 分析化学,2004, 32 (10):1395~1400
21 E.Galindo,D.Bautista,L.Juan,et al..Microbial sensor for Penicillins using a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli. Enzyme Microb.Technol., 1990, 12(9): 642~646
22 彭军.传感器与检测技术.西安电子科技大学出版社,2003:322~323
23 L Bousse, J Shott, JD Meindl. A process for the combined fabrication of ion sensors and CMOScircuits. Electron Device Letters ,1988,9 (11) : 44~46
24 Zhong Yule,Zhao Shouan,Lin Tao.Chin.J. Drift characteristics of pH-ISFET output .Semiconductor,1994,15:838~841
25 Jung-Chuan Chou, Ching-Nan Hsiao.Drift behavior of ISFETs with a-Si:H-SiO2 gate insulator.Materials Chemistry and Physics,2000,63:270~273
26 张季熊.青霉素浓度测定仪的研制.华南理工大学学报,1995,(12):136~140
27 周前能. pH-ISFET 在线监测技术的研究.哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文,2002:7~9
28 于水生.DSP 芯片介绍及其选型.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(4):
8~11
29 张军.FPGA 与 CPLD 器件使用经验谈.测控技术,2001,20(12):57~60
30 宁改娣, 杨拴科. DSP 控制器原理及应用.科学出版社,2002,88~92
31 王立华,刘志军.DSP 系统中时钟电路的设计.电子世界,2005,5:29~30
32 佟力永, 肖山竹.基于 FPGA 和 SRAM 的数控振荡器的设计与实现.国外电子元器件,2006,(1):22~25
33 韩安太.DSP 控制器原理及其在运动控制系统中的应用.清华大学出版社,2003:110~125
34 刘宝琴等.ALTERA 可编程逻辑器件及其应用.清华大学出版社,1995:121~130
35 王金明.数字系统设计与 Verilog HDL.电子工业出版社, 2005:24~32
36 李锋, 卢佩, 刘成臣.基于单片机与 CPLD 的高速数据采集系统.自动化与仪表,2003, 18(3):57~58
37 徐志军, 徐光辉.CPLD/FPGA 的开发与应用.电子工业出版社,2002:13~16
38 黄正瑾等.CPLD 系统设计技术入门与应用.电子工业出版社, 2004:9~13
39 夏宇闻.Verilog 数字系统设计教程.北京航空航天大学出版社,2003:3~4
40 王幸之, 王雷, 翟成, 王闪. 单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:1~2
41 崔加前,李长安,宋秀磊.单片机中数字滤波算法的实现.电脑学习,2006,(1):43~45
42 陈群阳等.DSP 系统抗干扰技术的研究.电子质量,2004,(6):41~42