数控铣削加工过程仿真的研究与分析
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摘要
由于数控机床的高效率、高质量和高柔性的特点,使得它在制造业中迅速普及。如何保证数控程序的正确性已成为数控加工中突出的问题。随着计算机图形学和可视化技术的发展,将刀具轨迹或加工成型过程形象地在屏幕上显示出来,以便操作者检查程序的正确性是一种经济有效的方法。
本论文中,首先对当前数控铣削加工过程仿真做了调研,分析并给出了本论文的背景和开题的意义。其次,对数控铣削加工仿真系统中的三维建模和数控代码编译做了深入研究,并采用三角化离散法来显示模型,实现了可由数控代码驱动的数控铣削加工过程的动态几何仿真。最后,在完成几何仿真的基础之上,还针对球头铣刀的铣削力仿真进行了初步研究。
NC (numerical control) machining tools have high productive efficiency, machining quality and flexibility which make them popularize rapidly. How to guarantee the validity of NC codes has become an outstanding problem in NC machining process. With the development of computer graphics and visualization technology, it will be an efficient and economical way to display the cutter orbits or the machining processes on the screen to help manipulators check the validity of NC codes.
In this thesis, firstly, it made the investigation and study to the current NC milling processing process simulation, and has produced the background and the significance of opening the topic after necessary analysis. Secondly, it has done the profound research on the 3-D modeling and the NC code compiling in the NC milling process simulation system, and used the triangle separate method to demonstrate the model, realized the NC milling process dynamic geometry simulation which actuated by the NC code. Finally, after the famishment of the geometry simulation, it also makes the preliminary study of milling force to a ball-end milling cutter
本论文中,首先对当前数控铣削加工过程仿真做了调研,分析并给出了本论文的背景和开题的意义。其次,对数控铣削加工仿真系统中的三维建模和数控代码编译做了深入研究,并采用三角化离散法来显示模型,实现了可由数控代码驱动的数控铣削加工过程的动态几何仿真。最后,在完成几何仿真的基础之上,还针对球头铣刀的铣削力仿真进行了初步研究。
NC (numerical control) machining tools have high productive efficiency, machining quality and flexibility which make them popularize rapidly. How to guarantee the validity of NC codes has become an outstanding problem in NC machining process. With the development of computer graphics and visualization technology, it will be an efficient and economical way to display the cutter orbits or the machining processes on the screen to help manipulators check the validity of NC codes.
In this thesis, firstly, it made the investigation and study to the current NC milling processing process simulation, and has produced the background and the significance of opening the topic after necessary analysis. Secondly, it has done the profound research on the 3-D modeling and the NC code compiling in the NC milling process simulation system, and used the triangle separate method to demonstrate the model, realized the NC milling process dynamic geometry simulation which actuated by the NC code. Finally, after the famishment of the geometry simulation, it also makes the preliminary study of milling force to a ball-end milling cutter
引文
[1]Shukla C, Nazquez M, Chen F F. Virtual manufacturing: an overview. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 1996, 31(1/2):79～82
[2]Martellotti M E,An Analysis of the Milling Process. Transaction of the ASME,Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1945, 63:677~700
[3]王雪莉,李宗民.VisualC 下 OpenGL 开发框架与应用.电脑学习,2004,第 5 期:34～36
[4]伏玉琛,周洞汝主编.计算机图形学[M].华中科技大学出版社,2003.
[5]蒲志新.基于 OpenGL 数控车削仿真的软件实现.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004. 4
[6]王霄,刘会霞,杨润党等.虚拟数控加工过程物理仿真模型的建立.计算机仿真,2003, 20(4):88~91
[7]任胜乐,路华,王永章,蔡春刚.数控铣削加工过程中的几何建模与求交计算.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2007(03):12~14
[8]Martellotti M E, An Analysis of the Milling Process, Part Ⅱ 一 Down Mill, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1915, 67:233~251
[9]倪其民.曲面加工过程切削负载自适应新策略及其关键技术研究.[博士学位论文].上海.上海交通大学,2001
[10]Yang M, Park H. The Prediction of cutting Force in Ball-End Milling, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 1991, 31(1):45~54
[11]Sim C, Yang M. The prediction of the Cutting Force in Ball-End Milling with a Flexible Cutter. International Journal of Machine Tool: and Manufacture,1993, 33 (2):267~284
[12]姜晓彤,赵正旭.基于 OpenGL 技术的数控车床虚拟仿真系统研究[J].现代电子技术,2007,(01)
[13]倪其民,李从心,吴光琳,阮雪榆,考虑刀具变形的球头铣刀铣削力建模与仿真,机械工程学报,2002,38(3):118~112
[14]Lamikiz,L.N.López de Lacalle,J.A.Sánchez,etal. Cutting force estimation in sculptured surface milling, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2004,44(14):1511~1526
[15]Lazoglu, Sculpture surface machining: a generalized model of ball end milling force system, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture,2003,43(5):453~462
[17]文传源.系统仿真理论的探索[J].系统仿真学报,Vol.17No.1.Jan.2005:1~6
[18]Salgado M A,Lo′pezde Lacalle LN,Lamikiz A,etc., Evaluation of the stiffness chain on the deflection of end-mills under cutting forces, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture,2005,45(6):727~739
[19]陈立新,赵红梅,王林.VC++与 OpenGL 在数控铣削仿真系统开发中的应用[J].中国制造业信息化,2007,(01)
[20]盛亮.基于实体的数控加工仿真关键技术的研究与实践.南京航空航天大学博士学位论文.2005
[21]徐立平,黄中信,沈荣辉.数控车削加工仿真系统的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2007, (03)
[22]武铁军.数控加工仿真关键技术研究与软件开发:[D].南京航空航天大学.2001
[23]冯俊,周彬知主编.工程训练基础教程.北京理工大学出版社.2005.1
[24]任胜乐,路华 王永章,蔡春刚.数控铣削加工仿真中的几何建模与求交计算[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2007,(03)
[25]李军锋,李剑,席平.数控机床加工仿真技术及应用.计算机仿真.2003, 20(4): 92~95
[26]万召,兰艳平,李郝林.数控车床加工仿真的一种改进方法[J].机械设计与制造, 2007,(01)
[27]邬再新,程萍,惠相君.基于 OpenGL 的数控车削动态仿真过程及图形显示[J].机械设计与制造,2007,(02)
[28]Yu Guo, Wenhe Liao, Xiaosheng Cheng, Liang Liu. SimOpt: A new simulation optimization system based virtual simulation for manufacturing system. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory.2006(14):577-585;
[29]Yingxue Yao , Changqing Liu, Zhejun Yuan, Yong Lu .Robustness improvement of tool life estimation assisted by a virtual manufacturing cell. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2006(172):445-450;
[30]Jannes Slomp, Boppana. Chowdary, Nallan C. Suresh. Design of virtual manufacturing cells: a mathematical programming approach. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing.2005(7): 273–288;
[31]S.K. Ong, M.A. Mannan. Virtual reality simulations and animations in a web-based interactive manufacturing engineering module. Computers & Education.2004 (43): 361~382;
[32]T.S. Mujber, T. Szecsi, M.S.J. Hashmi. Virtual reality applications in manufacturing process simulation. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2004(155~156):( 1834~1838);
[33]Song Huang, Yujin Hu, Chenggang Li. A TCPN based approach to model the coordinationin virtual manufacturing organizations. Computers & Industrial Engineering.2004(47):61~76;
[34]欧阳珍,狄瑞坤,秦丰.基于 OpenGL 的数控加工仿真系统研究[J].机床与液压,2004. No.5:66~68
[35]龚堰珏,数控加工仿真关键技术的研究,西安交通大学博士学位论文,2003.10
[36]徐元进,胡光道.基于 OpenGL 的地学三维图的设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2007, (03)
[37]Yong-Sik Kim ,Jeongsam Yang , Soonhung Han. A multichannel visualizationmodule for virtual manufacturing. Computers in Industry.2006 (57): 653~662;
[38]Xiang gang Yin, Weidong Yu. The virtual manufacturing model of the worsted yarn based on artificial neural networks and grey theory. Applied Mathematics and Computation.
[39]蔡勇,杨振中.基于的三维建模仿真软件开发.兵工自动化.2004, 23(4):91~92
[40]胡斌,叶宏武.虚拟制造技术与机床 CAD/CAM.机床与液压.2003(4):16~18
[41]吴振勇,王国锋,王太勇.数控加工三维实时仿真系统的研究.机械工程学报. Dec.2002 Vol.38 No.12:107~110
[42]邬再新,程萍,惠相君.基于 OpenGL 的数控车削动态仿真过程及图形显示[J].机械设计与制造,2007,(02)
[43]潘爱民.虚拟数控铣削加工系统的研究与开发.北京科技大学硕士学位论文, 2004.2
[44]吴斌,段海波,薛凤武等译.OpenGL 编程权威指南(第三版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[45]南雁.基于虚拟数控加工的 NC 代码翻译[D].西北工业大学,2003
[2]Martellotti M E,An Analysis of the Milling Process. Transaction of the ASME,Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1945, 63:677~700
[3]王雪莉,李宗民.VisualC 下 OpenGL 开发框架与应用.电脑学习,2004,第 5 期:34～36
[4]伏玉琛,周洞汝主编.计算机图形学[M].华中科技大学出版社,2003.
[5]蒲志新.基于 OpenGL 数控车削仿真的软件实现.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004. 4
[6]王霄,刘会霞,杨润党等.虚拟数控加工过程物理仿真模型的建立.计算机仿真,2003, 20(4):88~91
[7]任胜乐,路华,王永章,蔡春刚.数控铣削加工过程中的几何建模与求交计算.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2007(03):12~14
[8]Martellotti M E, An Analysis of the Milling Process, Part Ⅱ 一 Down Mill, Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1915, 67:233~251
[9]倪其民.曲面加工过程切削负载自适应新策略及其关键技术研究.[博士学位论文].上海.上海交通大学,2001
[10]Yang M, Park H. The Prediction of cutting Force in Ball-End Milling, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 1991, 31(1):45~54
[11]Sim C, Yang M. The prediction of the Cutting Force in Ball-End Milling with a Flexible Cutter. International Journal of Machine Tool: and Manufacture,1993, 33 (2):267~284
[12]姜晓彤,赵正旭.基于 OpenGL 技术的数控车床虚拟仿真系统研究[J].现代电子技术,2007,(01)
[13]倪其民,李从心,吴光琳,阮雪榆,考虑刀具变形的球头铣刀铣削力建模与仿真,机械工程学报,2002,38(3):118~112
[14]Lamikiz,L.N.López de Lacalle,J.A.Sánchez,etal. Cutting force estimation in sculptured surface milling, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2004,44(14):1511~1526
[15]Lazoglu, Sculpture surface machining: a generalized model of ball end milling force system, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture,2003,43(5):453~462
[17]文传源.系统仿真理论的探索[J].系统仿真学报,Vol.17No.1.Jan.2005:1~6
[18]Salgado M A,Lo′pezde Lacalle LN,Lamikiz A,etc., Evaluation of the stiffness chain on the deflection of end-mills under cutting forces, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture,2005,45(6):727~739
[19]陈立新,赵红梅,王林.VC++与 OpenGL 在数控铣削仿真系统开发中的应用[J].中国制造业信息化,2007,(01)
[20]盛亮.基于实体的数控加工仿真关键技术的研究与实践.南京航空航天大学博士学位论文.2005
[21]徐立平,黄中信,沈荣辉.数控车削加工仿真系统的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2007, (03)
[22]武铁军.数控加工仿真关键技术研究与软件开发:[D].南京航空航天大学.2001
[23]冯俊,周彬知主编.工程训练基础教程.北京理工大学出版社.2005.1
[24]任胜乐,路华 王永章,蔡春刚.数控铣削加工仿真中的几何建模与求交计算[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2007,(03)
[25]李军锋,李剑,席平.数控机床加工仿真技术及应用.计算机仿真.2003, 20(4): 92~95
[26]万召,兰艳平,李郝林.数控车床加工仿真的一种改进方法[J].机械设计与制造, 2007,(01)
[27]邬再新,程萍,惠相君.基于 OpenGL 的数控车削动态仿真过程及图形显示[J].机械设计与制造,2007,(02)
[28]Yu Guo, Wenhe Liao, Xiaosheng Cheng, Liang Liu. SimOpt: A new simulation optimization system based virtual simulation for manufacturing system. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory.2006(14):577-585;
[29]Yingxue Yao , Changqing Liu, Zhejun Yuan, Yong Lu .Robustness improvement of tool life estimation assisted by a virtual manufacturing cell. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2006(172):445-450;
[30]Jannes Slomp, Boppana. Chowdary, Nallan C. Suresh. Design of virtual manufacturing cells: a mathematical programming approach. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing.2005(7): 273–288;
[31]S.K. Ong, M.A. Mannan. Virtual reality simulations and animations in a web-based interactive manufacturing engineering module. Computers & Education.2004 (43): 361~382;
[32]T.S. Mujber, T. Szecsi, M.S.J. Hashmi. Virtual reality applications in manufacturing process simulation. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2004(155~156):( 1834~1838);
[33]Song Huang, Yujin Hu, Chenggang Li. A TCPN based approach to model the coordinationin virtual manufacturing organizations. Computers & Industrial Engineering.2004(47):61~76;
[34]欧阳珍,狄瑞坤,秦丰.基于 OpenGL 的数控加工仿真系统研究[J].机床与液压,2004. No.5:66~68
[35]龚堰珏,数控加工仿真关键技术的研究,西安交通大学博士学位论文,2003.10
[36]徐元进,胡光道.基于 OpenGL 的地学三维图的设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2007, (03)
[37]Yong-Sik Kim ,Jeongsam Yang , Soonhung Han. A multichannel visualizationmodule for virtual manufacturing. Computers in Industry.2006 (57): 653~662;
[38]Xiang gang Yin, Weidong Yu. The virtual manufacturing model of the worsted yarn based on artificial neural networks and grey theory. Applied Mathematics and Computation.
[39]蔡勇,杨振中.基于的三维建模仿真软件开发.兵工自动化.2004, 23(4):91~92
[40]胡斌,叶宏武.虚拟制造技术与机床 CAD/CAM.机床与液压.2003(4):16~18
[41]吴振勇,王国锋,王太勇.数控加工三维实时仿真系统的研究.机械工程学报. Dec.2002 Vol.38 No.12:107~110
[42]邬再新,程萍,惠相君.基于 OpenGL 的数控车削动态仿真过程及图形显示[J].机械设计与制造,2007,(02)
[43]潘爱民.虚拟数控铣削加工系统的研究与开发.北京科技大学硕士学位论文, 2004.2
[44]吴斌,段海波,薛凤武等译.OpenGL 编程权威指南(第三版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[45]南雁.基于虚拟数控加工的 NC 代码翻译[D].西北工业大学,2003