离散型制造车间数据采集系统的研究与开发
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摘要
随着信息技术的发展和经济全球化的趋势,现代制造业所面临的竞争日趋激烈,实施企业信息化战略势在必行。制造执行系统MES技术已经成为企业信息化解决方案中的关键元素,但生产现场数据采集系统的缺陷一定程度上阻碍了MES在离散制造企业的发展与应用。
本文根据目前国内大型离散制造车间的整体情况,在对某企业制造车间生产管理需求分析基础上,提出了生产现场数据采集系统的总体方案结构。基于功能实现和成本的综合考虑,选用性价比较高的AT89S52作为主处理器,在此基础上完成了各功能芯片选型、电路原理图绘制以及PCB板布局。
对于数据采集系统,通信是一个很重要的方面。本文根据数据采集终端与机床及上位机的不同通信需求,提出了四种通信方案:串口RS-232通信、以太网通信、串口转以太网以及无线通信,能够满足现在车间的通信要求。
根据系统的功能要求设计了单片机软件、数据采集终端LCD液晶显示器上的菜单结构以及上位机的软件界面。运用VB.NET软件开发的数据采集系统的管理软件,实现了员工考勤、任务查询、质检信息上报以及NC程序代码传输等功能。
一个产品的设计不仅仅是包括功能上的实现,很多时候更要体现在使用的便捷、美观等要求。本文基于人机工程学原则,对数据采集终端进行了外观设计。
With the development of information technology and the tendency of economy globalization, market competition that encountered the modern manufacturing enterprises is becoming sharper and sharper. So it is necessary for enterprise to carry out enterprise information strategy. Manufacturing execution system technology has become a key element for solution to enterprise information construction. But the development and application of MES in discrete manufacturing enterprise is hindered in some degree by the defects of data-acquisition system in the production site.
In this paper, the overall structure designing proposal of data-acquisition system in the production site is put forward basing on the requirements analysis of production management in the enterprise's workshop. Then the common chip AT89S52 is selected as the main processor after considering the functions and cost. On the basis of a good selection of various functional chips, the circuit schematic drawing and PCB board layout are drew.
For the data-acquisition system, communication is a very important aspect. In this paper four communication methods are promoted, they are Serial RS-232 communication, Ethernet , Serial to Ethernet and wireless communication, which can basically meet Workshop's communication requirements.
According to the requirements of the system, the MCU software, the menu structure on the LCD of the data-acquisition terminal equipment, and the host computer interface are designed, then the management software of the data-acquisition system is developed, which can achieve the function of checking the Staff attendance, enquiring the task, reporting the quality information, handling the emergency, and transmission of the NC code and so on.
A product design not only need to realize its function, but also have to meet the requirements of its using convenient, aesthetic and so on. In the last based on Man-machine Engineering, the contour of the data-acquisition terminal equipment is designed .
本文根据目前国内大型离散制造车间的整体情况,在对某企业制造车间生产管理需求分析基础上,提出了生产现场数据采集系统的总体方案结构。基于功能实现和成本的综合考虑,选用性价比较高的AT89S52作为主处理器,在此基础上完成了各功能芯片选型、电路原理图绘制以及PCB板布局。
对于数据采集系统,通信是一个很重要的方面。本文根据数据采集终端与机床及上位机的不同通信需求,提出了四种通信方案:串口RS-232通信、以太网通信、串口转以太网以及无线通信,能够满足现在车间的通信要求。
根据系统的功能要求设计了单片机软件、数据采集终端LCD液晶显示器上的菜单结构以及上位机的软件界面。运用VB.NET软件开发的数据采集系统的管理软件,实现了员工考勤、任务查询、质检信息上报以及NC程序代码传输等功能。
一个产品的设计不仅仅是包括功能上的实现,很多时候更要体现在使用的便捷、美观等要求。本文基于人机工程学原则,对数据采集终端进行了外观设计。
With the development of information technology and the tendency of economy globalization, market competition that encountered the modern manufacturing enterprises is becoming sharper and sharper. So it is necessary for enterprise to carry out enterprise information strategy. Manufacturing execution system technology has become a key element for solution to enterprise information construction. But the development and application of MES in discrete manufacturing enterprise is hindered in some degree by the defects of data-acquisition system in the production site.
In this paper, the overall structure designing proposal of data-acquisition system in the production site is put forward basing on the requirements analysis of production management in the enterprise's workshop. Then the common chip AT89S52 is selected as the main processor after considering the functions and cost. On the basis of a good selection of various functional chips, the circuit schematic drawing and PCB board layout are drew.
For the data-acquisition system, communication is a very important aspect. In this paper four communication methods are promoted, they are Serial RS-232 communication, Ethernet , Serial to Ethernet and wireless communication, which can basically meet Workshop's communication requirements.
According to the requirements of the system, the MCU software, the menu structure on the LCD of the data-acquisition terminal equipment, and the host computer interface are designed, then the management software of the data-acquisition system is developed, which can achieve the function of checking the Staff attendance, enquiring the task, reporting the quality information, handling the emergency, and transmission of the NC code and so on.
A product design not only need to realize its function, but also have to meet the requirements of its using convenient, aesthetic and so on. In the last based on Man-machine Engineering, the contour of the data-acquisition terminal equipment is designed .
引文
1 周宏甫,机械制造技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2005
2 倪小丹,杨继荣,熊运昌.机械制造技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2007
3 赵雪松,赵晓芬.机械制造技术基础.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2006
4 孙延明,赖朝安.现代制造信息系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
5 李清.CIMS制造执行系统.北京:中国电力出版社,2007
6 Michael McClellan.Applying manufacturing execution systems.Boca Raton,Florida:St.Lucie Press,1997
7 张志檩.国内外制造执行系统(MES)的应用与发展.自动化博览,2004(5)
8 MESA International.MES explained:A high level vision.American MESA International White Paper Number 6,1997
9 SWANTON B.MES five years later:prelude to phase[EB/OL].http://www.amrresearch.com,1990-06-11
10 张忠林,黄海.MES技术及其应用.组合机床与自动化加工技术.2005(6):1-4
11 孙彦广,陈靖屏。流程工业制造执行系统.北京:化学工业出版社,2006
12 刘诏书,李刚炎.制造执行系统(MES)标准的综述.自动化博览.2006(6):32-35
13 李文辉.制造执行系统(MES)的应用与发展.兰州理工大学学报.2006,32(2):50-54
14 李建华.制造执行系统MES现状及发展趋势探讨.自动化博览.2005(3):80-92
15 金明冬.制造执行系统MES中数据采集与传送的研究应用.上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2007
16 胡友民,杜润生,杨叔子.Study of data acquisition technology for manufacturing systems.Manofacturing Automation,2002(03).24-27
17 Baudin M,Rao A.RFID application in manufacturing[EB/OL],http://www.mmt-inst.com/,2006.
18 沈斌,周莹君,王家海.基于MES的RFID数据采集技术研究.测控技术,2007,26(8):12-14
19 8-Bit Microcontroller with 8K Bytes Flash.ATMEL 89S52 Data.ATMEL Corporation,2007
20 刘文涛.MCS-51单片机培训教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
21 广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.LM1117/LM11171-800mA低压差线性调压器, http://www.zlgmcu.com.
22 胡爱华,杨郁池,刘院英.液晶显示模块及其在智能仪表中的应用.计算机测量与控制.2007(02)
23 ST7920Datasheet.http://www.icpdf.com,2004
24 魏立峰,王宝兴.单片机原理与应用技术.北京:北京大学出版社,2006
25 何宏.单片机原理及接口技术教程.北京:国防工业出版社,2006
26 74LS373 Datasheet.Fairchild Semiconductor,2000
27 74LS244 Datasheet.Fairchild Semiconductor,2000
28 朱路,朱清慧.连续补充充电实时时钟芯片DSl302及其应用.现代电子技术,2006,19(234):116-118
29 DS1302 Trickle Chare Timekeeping Chip.Dallas Semicon-ductor,2002
30 于复生,宋现,春艾兴.时钟芯片DS1302a及其在数据记录中的应用.电子技术应用,2000(3):58-62
31 蔡振江,马跃进,韩庆瑶.单片机原理及应用.电子工业出版社,2007
32 李江全,张丽,岑红蕾.Visual Basic串口通信于测控应用技术实战详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007
33 +5V-Powered,Multichannel RS-232 Drivers/Receivers,2004
34 张迎新.单片微型计算机原理、应用及接口技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1993
35 杨将新,李华军,刘东骏.单片机程序设计及应用从基础到实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
36 叶丰桥.以太网在工业控制中的应用研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003
37 RTL8019AS.Full-Duplex Ethemet Controller with Plug and Play Function (RealPNP).RealtekSemi-conductor,2001
38 戴佳,戴卫恒.51单片机C语言应用程序设计实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
39 狄金海.单片机以太网嵌入式系统的实现方法.江工贸职业技术学院学报.2003.12(04):23-29
40 NE-4100 Series User's Manual.http://www.moxa.com/product,Sixth Edition,April,2005
41 PTRS000 Datasheet.http://www.ic37.com,2006
42 杨恢先,黄辉先.单片机原理及应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
43 Cx51 Compiler User's Guide.Keil Software,2001(9)
44 周美娟,肖来胜.单片机技术及系统应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2007
45 孙磊,张崇巍.以太网控制器芯片RTL8019AS及其远程抄表系统中的应用.仪器仪表用户,2004(1):37-39
46 孙静.基于以太网智能家居控制器的研究及实现.西安科技大学学位论文,2006
47 Haque Tariqul,ect.Step by step implementation of Ethernet and TCP-IP Protocols on an embedded system.Computers in Education Journal,2004,14(4):70-87
48 牛博,宋政湘,王建华.智能电器以太网接入服务器设计.西安:西安交通大学电力设备与电气绝缘国家重点实验室
49 石进水,李世光,刘士彩.单片机以太网通讯的实现.中国科技信息 2006(8)
50 曹字,魏丰,胡士毅.用51单片机控制RTL8019AS实现以太网通讯.电子技术应用,2003(01),21-23
51 袁修干,庄达民.人机工程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
52 Tilly AR.The Measure of Man and Woman—Human Factors in Deisgn[M].Henry Dreyfuss Associates,1993
53 赵江红,谭浩.人机工程学.北京:高等教育出版社,2006
54 丁玉兰.人机工程学.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2005
55 萧秋水,文娟.Windows网络编程之VB篇.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
56 俞升权,在TCP/IP协议支撑之上的Windows Socket应用开发.计算机应用与软件,2000
57 Z_World Inc.Dynamic C TCP/IP Csers Manual,2000
58 Tilly AR.The Measure of Man and Woman-Human Factors in Deisgn[M].Henry Dreyfuss Associates,1993
59 左春柽,杨斌宇,王晓峰.人机工程与造型设计.北京:化学工业出版社,2007
60 Sanders,MS,et al.Human Factors in Engineering and Design[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1985
61 穆立茂.PC机与数控机床之间长数控程序传输软件的开发.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2003(6),53-55
62 余人杰.计算机控制技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社.1995.35-38
63 MCS-51 Micontroller Family User'S Manual.Intel Corporation.USA,1994(2)
64 林焯华,蒋梁中,姚锡凡,王春宝.一个单片机串行数据采集及传输模块的设计.单片机开发与应用,2006(22):2-10
2 倪小丹,杨继荣,熊运昌.机械制造技术基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2007
3 赵雪松,赵晓芬.机械制造技术基础.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2006
4 孙延明,赖朝安.现代制造信息系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
5 李清.CIMS制造执行系统.北京:中国电力出版社,2007
6 Michael McClellan.Applying manufacturing execution systems.Boca Raton,Florida:St.Lucie Press,1997
7 张志檩.国内外制造执行系统(MES)的应用与发展.自动化博览,2004(5)
8 MESA International.MES explained:A high level vision.American MESA International White Paper Number 6,1997
9 SWANTON B.MES five years later:prelude to phase[EB/OL].http://www.amrresearch.com,1990-06-11
10 张忠林,黄海.MES技术及其应用.组合机床与自动化加工技术.2005(6):1-4
11 孙彦广,陈靖屏。流程工业制造执行系统.北京:化学工业出版社,2006
12 刘诏书,李刚炎.制造执行系统(MES)标准的综述.自动化博览.2006(6):32-35
13 李文辉.制造执行系统(MES)的应用与发展.兰州理工大学学报.2006,32(2):50-54
14 李建华.制造执行系统MES现状及发展趋势探讨.自动化博览.2005(3):80-92
15 金明冬.制造执行系统MES中数据采集与传送的研究应用.上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2007
16 胡友民,杜润生,杨叔子.Study of data acquisition technology for manufacturing systems.Manofacturing Automation,2002(03).24-27
17 Baudin M,Rao A.RFID application in manufacturing[EB/OL],http://www.mmt-inst.com/,2006.
18 沈斌,周莹君,王家海.基于MES的RFID数据采集技术研究.测控技术,2007,26(8):12-14
19 8-Bit Microcontroller with 8K Bytes Flash.ATMEL 89S52 Data.ATMEL Corporation,2007
20 刘文涛.MCS-51单片机培训教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
21 广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.LM1117/LM11171-800mA低压差线性调压器, http://www.zlgmcu.com.
22 胡爱华,杨郁池,刘院英.液晶显示模块及其在智能仪表中的应用.计算机测量与控制.2007(02)
23 ST7920Datasheet.http://www.icpdf.com,2004
24 魏立峰,王宝兴.单片机原理与应用技术.北京:北京大学出版社,2006
25 何宏.单片机原理及接口技术教程.北京:国防工业出版社,2006
26 74LS373 Datasheet.Fairchild Semiconductor,2000
27 74LS244 Datasheet.Fairchild Semiconductor,2000
28 朱路,朱清慧.连续补充充电实时时钟芯片DSl302及其应用.现代电子技术,2006,19(234):116-118
29 DS1302 Trickle Chare Timekeeping Chip.Dallas Semicon-ductor,2002
30 于复生,宋现,春艾兴.时钟芯片DS1302a及其在数据记录中的应用.电子技术应用,2000(3):58-62
31 蔡振江,马跃进,韩庆瑶.单片机原理及应用.电子工业出版社,2007
32 李江全,张丽,岑红蕾.Visual Basic串口通信于测控应用技术实战详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007
33 +5V-Powered,Multichannel RS-232 Drivers/Receivers,2004
34 张迎新.单片微型计算机原理、应用及接口技术.北京:国防工业出版社,1993
35 杨将新,李华军,刘东骏.单片机程序设计及应用从基础到实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
36 叶丰桥.以太网在工业控制中的应用研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文,2003
37 RTL8019AS.Full-Duplex Ethemet Controller with Plug and Play Function (RealPNP).RealtekSemi-conductor,2001
38 戴佳,戴卫恒.51单片机C语言应用程序设计实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
39 狄金海.单片机以太网嵌入式系统的实现方法.江工贸职业技术学院学报.2003.12(04):23-29
40 NE-4100 Series User's Manual.http://www.moxa.com/product,Sixth Edition,April,2005
41 PTRS000 Datasheet.http://www.ic37.com,2006
42 杨恢先,黄辉先.单片机原理及应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
43 Cx51 Compiler User's Guide.Keil Software,2001(9)
44 周美娟,肖来胜.单片机技术及系统应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2007
45 孙磊,张崇巍.以太网控制器芯片RTL8019AS及其远程抄表系统中的应用.仪器仪表用户,2004(1):37-39
46 孙静.基于以太网智能家居控制器的研究及实现.西安科技大学学位论文,2006
47 Haque Tariqul,ect.Step by step implementation of Ethernet and TCP-IP Protocols on an embedded system.Computers in Education Journal,2004,14(4):70-87
48 牛博,宋政湘,王建华.智能电器以太网接入服务器设计.西安:西安交通大学电力设备与电气绝缘国家重点实验室
49 石进水,李世光,刘士彩.单片机以太网通讯的实现.中国科技信息 2006(8)
50 曹字,魏丰,胡士毅.用51单片机控制RTL8019AS实现以太网通讯.电子技术应用,2003(01),21-23
51 袁修干,庄达民.人机工程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.
52 Tilly AR.The Measure of Man and Woman—Human Factors in Deisgn[M].Henry Dreyfuss Associates,1993
53 赵江红,谭浩.人机工程学.北京:高等教育出版社,2006
54 丁玉兰.人机工程学.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2005
55 萧秋水,文娟.Windows网络编程之VB篇.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
56 俞升权,在TCP/IP协议支撑之上的Windows Socket应用开发.计算机应用与软件,2000
57 Z_World Inc.Dynamic C TCP/IP Csers Manual,2000
58 Tilly AR.The Measure of Man and Woman-Human Factors in Deisgn[M].Henry Dreyfuss Associates,1993
59 左春柽,杨斌宇,王晓峰.人机工程与造型设计.北京:化学工业出版社,2007
60 Sanders,MS,et al.Human Factors in Engineering and Design[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1985
61 穆立茂.PC机与数控机床之间长数控程序传输软件的开发.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2003(6),53-55
62 余人杰.计算机控制技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社.1995.35-38
63 MCS-51 Micontroller Family User'S Manual.Intel Corporation.USA,1994(2)
64 林焯华,蒋梁中,姚锡凡,王春宝.一个单片机串行数据采集及传输模块的设计.单片机开发与应用,2006(22):2-10