数码打样系统颜色空间转换模型的研究
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摘要
数码打样,作为数字化印刷工作流程中的重要环节之一,受到越来越多的人的关注;数码打样系统色彩管理的一个重要部分是颜色空间的转换,因而建立精确的转换模型就显得尤为重要。本论文主要研究数码打样系统颜色空间转换模型的建立问题。论文首先设计合适的样张,输出并采集数据;然后,建立CIE1976L*a*b*设备无关色彩空间与CMY(K)设备相关色彩空间的转换模型。
本论文首先采用三维查找表的四面体线性插值法,建立CMY到L*a*b*的正向转换模型,并且检验模型的精度;然后,采用可变局部多项式回归法,通过研究多项式项数和建模样本数对结果的影响,确定最佳项数和建模样本数,实现L*a*b*到CMY的反向转换,然后进行精度检验;最后,根据样张本身和GCR原理,确定黑版值K,将三色CMY转换成四色C′M′Y′K,从而实现L*a*b*与CMY(K)之间的转换。
研究结果表明,采用四面体线性插值建立的CMY到L*a*b*正向转换模型和采用可变局部多项式回归建立的L*a*b*到CMY反向转换模型的精度符合要求,而对于确定黑值,采用分色法获得的灰平衡数据较灰平衡方程更符合实际要求。本课题建立了较为精确的CIE1976L*a*b*与CMY(K)色彩空间转换模型,对数码打样系统色彩管理的研究具有重要的参考价值和理论意义。
As a important part of digital printing flow, digital proof gets more and more people’s attention. One important part of color management in digital proof system is color conversion. So it is very important to build an accurate model. This paper mainly discusses the problem about how to establish conversion model about digital proof system. Firstly, an appropriate prospectus was designed, printed and the datum was got; Then, we built a conversion model between the device-independent color space CIE1976L*a*b*and the device-dependent color space CMY.
In this paper, the conversion model from CMY to L*a*b* was built first with three-dimensioned look-up-table with tetrahedron interpolation technology, and the precision of the model was checked; And then, the conversion from L*a*b* to CMY was carried out with polynomial regression algorithm according to the analysis of the polynomial exponent and the experiment-sample-number. The precision was also checked with the designed testing color samples. At the end, according to the proof’s own character and the GCR theory, the K was confirmed so that the CMY was conversed to C′M′Y′K and the conversion between L*a*b* and CMY was carried out.
The conclusion indicate that both the way of three-dimensioned look-up-table with tetrahedron interpolation technology to build the CMY to L*a*b* conversion model and the way of polynomial regression algorithm to build the L*a*b* to CMY conversion model are up to the mustard. However, the gray-separation way is better than the gray balance function in getting the gray balance function. This text built an correct color conversion model between CIE1976L*a*b* and CMY(K),which means a lot in Color Management in Digital proof.
本论文首先采用三维查找表的四面体线性插值法,建立CMY到L*a*b*的正向转换模型,并且检验模型的精度;然后,采用可变局部多项式回归法,通过研究多项式项数和建模样本数对结果的影响,确定最佳项数和建模样本数,实现L*a*b*到CMY的反向转换,然后进行精度检验;最后,根据样张本身和GCR原理,确定黑版值K,将三色CMY转换成四色C′M′Y′K,从而实现L*a*b*与CMY(K)之间的转换。
研究结果表明,采用四面体线性插值建立的CMY到L*a*b*正向转换模型和采用可变局部多项式回归建立的L*a*b*到CMY反向转换模型的精度符合要求,而对于确定黑值,采用分色法获得的灰平衡数据较灰平衡方程更符合实际要求。本课题建立了较为精确的CIE1976L*a*b*与CMY(K)色彩空间转换模型,对数码打样系统色彩管理的研究具有重要的参考价值和理论意义。
As a important part of digital printing flow, digital proof gets more and more people’s attention. One important part of color management in digital proof system is color conversion. So it is very important to build an accurate model. This paper mainly discusses the problem about how to establish conversion model about digital proof system. Firstly, an appropriate prospectus was designed, printed and the datum was got; Then, we built a conversion model between the device-independent color space CIE1976L*a*b*and the device-dependent color space CMY.
In this paper, the conversion model from CMY to L*a*b* was built first with three-dimensioned look-up-table with tetrahedron interpolation technology, and the precision of the model was checked; And then, the conversion from L*a*b* to CMY was carried out with polynomial regression algorithm according to the analysis of the polynomial exponent and the experiment-sample-number. The precision was also checked with the designed testing color samples. At the end, according to the proof’s own character and the GCR theory, the K was confirmed so that the CMY was conversed to C′M′Y′K and the conversion between L*a*b* and CMY was carried out.
The conclusion indicate that both the way of three-dimensioned look-up-table with tetrahedron interpolation technology to build the CMY to L*a*b* conversion model and the way of polynomial regression algorithm to build the L*a*b* to CMY conversion model are up to the mustard. However, the gray-separation way is better than the gray balance function in getting the gray balance function. This text built an correct color conversion model between CIE1976L*a*b* and CMY(K),which means a lot in Color Management in Digital proof.
引文
【1】何名贵.色彩管理原理[J].印刷杂志,2000,(11):18-20
【2】武兵.CIEL*a*b*颜色空间在印刷复制中的应用[J].印刷质量与标准化,2003,(5):33-36
【3】张桂兰.浅谈色彩管理系统[J].印刷技术,2000,(2):3-6
【4】王胜.数码打样中的色彩管理实施方案[J].今日印刷,2004,(2):33-36
【5】基于 ICC 的色彩管理及其应用简介[J].印刷世界,1999,(9):33-36
【6】康一.L*a*b*到 CMYK 色彩空间转换方程的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2006:4
【7】赵艳东.数字打样的质量控制[J].印刷世界,2005,(2):35-37
【8】胡承伟.现代印刷中的数码打样技术及其优势[J].今日印刷.2004,(12):28-30
【9】周世生,郑元林等.印刷色彩学[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,2005:105-231
【10】马素兵.色彩管理在数字打样中的应用[J]今日印刷,2002,(12):33-36
【11】付建华.彩色打印机色彩空间转换方法研究[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院,2003:1-23
【12】张艳萍.色彩管理中的颜色转换与颜色匹配[J].今日印刷,2003,(12):39-41
【13】周常星.数码打样在开放式色彩管理中标准的建立[J].广东印刷,2003,(4):53-54
【14】李举.调频加网呈色模型与分色配色模型的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2006:11-14
【15】陈胜.打印机彩色特性自动检测[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2002:5-15
【16】胡涛.谭红梅.基于局部色彩空间转换得灰平衡校准方法[J].计算机时代,2005,(12):55-56
【17】黄庆梅,赵达尊.基于 Zernike 多项式表示色域边界的色域映射[J].光学技术,2003,29(2): 168-171
【18】田永辉.底色去除的应用[J].广东印刷,2003,(6):30-31
【19】李文育,周世生.关于灰平衡数据的计算[J].包装工程,2004,25(1):65-67
【20】马素兵.色彩管理在数字打样中的应用[J].今日印刷,2002,(12):33-36
【21】周世生.高等色彩学[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1997:106-151
【22】K.Knanmori,fast color processor with programmable interpolation by small memory[J].J.Electronic Imaging,1992,(36):73-78
【23】K.D Genntten,RGB to CMYK conversion using 3D barycentric interpolation Proc[J].SPIE 1909, 1993,(6):117-123
【24】J.M.kasson,S.L.Nin,W.Plouffe,and J.L.Haffner,Performing color space conversions with three- dimensional linear interpolation[J].J.Electronic Imaging,1995,(4):226-250
【 25 】 Heuberger KJ,Jing ZM,Persiev S.Color transformations and lookup tables[J].TAGA/ISCC Proc,1992,(8):861～881
【26】Hardeberg,J.Y.& Schmitt,F.Color printer characterization using a computational geometry approach[R].The fifth IS&T color imaging conference:color science,systems and applications. Springfield, Virginia,USA:The Society for Imaging Science and Technology,1997,(11):96-99
【27】Cheol-Hee Lee,Eung-Joo Lee,suk-Chul Ahn and Yeong-Ho Ha. Color Space Conversion via Gamut-Based Color Samples of Printer[J].Journal of Electronic Imaging ,2001,45(5):427-435
【28】Henry R. Kang.Comparisons of three-dimensional interpolation techniques by simulations.Proc[J]. SPIE 2414,1995,(4):104-114
【29】熊凯.计算机输入输出设备色彩管理系统的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2005:5-37
【30】Po-Chieh Hung.Colorimetric Calibration for Scanners and Media[J].SPIE1909,1448(8):3-80
【31】M.Xia,E.Esaber and A.M.Tekalp,End-to-end color printer calibration by total least Squares regression[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image imaging processing,1999,(8):700-716
【32】Henry R.Kang,Color scanner calibration[J].Journal of imaging science and technology, 1992,36(2):162-170
【33】S.Tominaga.Color control of printers by neural network[J].J.Electronic imaging,1998,(7):664-671
【34】S.Tominaga.Color notation conversion by neurak networks[J].Color research and application,1993, (18):253-259
【35】郭茂祖,王亚东,苏晓红,王兴起.基于BP网络的色彩匹配方法研究[J].计算机学报,2000,23(8):819-823
【36】Tominaga.THE CHARACTERIZATION MODELS FOR MULTI-COLORED CMYKRGB PRINTING PROCESS[J].TAGA,1988,(11):8-9
【37】徐敏.Lab 与 CMY 转换方程的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2003:5-15
【38】张逸新.分色制版新技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001:58-150
【39】陈永利,刘文霞.灰平衡工艺数据规范的研究与分析[J].包装工程,2004,25(4):26-28
【40】林莉.在彩色复制中对黑版的探讨[J].福建轻纺,2000,(9):11-15
【41】胡涛,车晓岩.色彩管理中的灰平衡控制[J].印刷杂志,2004,(4):54-56
【42】王文凤,赵秀萍,唐万有.印刷中的灰平衡控制[J].机电信息,2005,(6):39-42
【43】刘真,崔虎平.一种简单的黑版确定方法[J].信息工程大学测绘学院学报,2000,17(3): 210-213
【44】陈永常.现代印刷技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.16-150
【45】姚海根.数字印刷技术[M].上海:上海科学出版社,2001.124-171
【46】魏莉,谢俊旗等.常用印刷标准解读[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,2005.150-164
【2】武兵.CIEL*a*b*颜色空间在印刷复制中的应用[J].印刷质量与标准化,2003,(5):33-36
【3】张桂兰.浅谈色彩管理系统[J].印刷技术,2000,(2):3-6
【4】王胜.数码打样中的色彩管理实施方案[J].今日印刷,2004,(2):33-36
【5】基于 ICC 的色彩管理及其应用简介[J].印刷世界,1999,(9):33-36
【6】康一.L*a*b*到 CMYK 色彩空间转换方程的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2006:4
【7】赵艳东.数字打样的质量控制[J].印刷世界,2005,(2):35-37
【8】胡承伟.现代印刷中的数码打样技术及其优势[J].今日印刷.2004,(12):28-30
【9】周世生,郑元林等.印刷色彩学[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,2005:105-231
【10】马素兵.色彩管理在数字打样中的应用[J]今日印刷,2002,(12):33-36
【11】付建华.彩色打印机色彩空间转换方法研究[D].长春:中国科学院研究生院,2003:1-23
【12】张艳萍.色彩管理中的颜色转换与颜色匹配[J].今日印刷,2003,(12):39-41
【13】周常星.数码打样在开放式色彩管理中标准的建立[J].广东印刷,2003,(4):53-54
【14】李举.调频加网呈色模型与分色配色模型的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2006:11-14
【15】陈胜.打印机彩色特性自动检测[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2002:5-15
【16】胡涛.谭红梅.基于局部色彩空间转换得灰平衡校准方法[J].计算机时代,2005,(12):55-56
【17】黄庆梅,赵达尊.基于 Zernike 多项式表示色域边界的色域映射[J].光学技术,2003,29(2): 168-171
【18】田永辉.底色去除的应用[J].广东印刷,2003,(6):30-31
【19】李文育,周世生.关于灰平衡数据的计算[J].包装工程,2004,25(1):65-67
【20】马素兵.色彩管理在数字打样中的应用[J].今日印刷,2002,(12):33-36
【21】周世生.高等色彩学[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,1997:106-151
【22】K.Knanmori,fast color processor with programmable interpolation by small memory[J].J.Electronic Imaging,1992,(36):73-78
【23】K.D Genntten,RGB to CMYK conversion using 3D barycentric interpolation Proc[J].SPIE 1909, 1993,(6):117-123
【24】J.M.kasson,S.L.Nin,W.Plouffe,and J.L.Haffner,Performing color space conversions with three- dimensional linear interpolation[J].J.Electronic Imaging,1995,(4):226-250
【 25 】 Heuberger KJ,Jing ZM,Persiev S.Color transformations and lookup tables[J].TAGA/ISCC Proc,1992,(8):861～881
【26】Hardeberg,J.Y.& Schmitt,F.Color printer characterization using a computational geometry approach[R].The fifth IS&T color imaging conference:color science,systems and applications. Springfield, Virginia,USA:The Society for Imaging Science and Technology,1997,(11):96-99
【27】Cheol-Hee Lee,Eung-Joo Lee,suk-Chul Ahn and Yeong-Ho Ha. Color Space Conversion via Gamut-Based Color Samples of Printer[J].Journal of Electronic Imaging ,2001,45(5):427-435
【28】Henry R. Kang.Comparisons of three-dimensional interpolation techniques by simulations.Proc[J]. SPIE 2414,1995,(4):104-114
【29】熊凯.计算机输入输出设备色彩管理系统的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2005:5-37
【30】Po-Chieh Hung.Colorimetric Calibration for Scanners and Media[J].SPIE1909,1448(8):3-80
【31】M.Xia,E.Esaber and A.M.Tekalp,End-to-end color printer calibration by total least Squares regression[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image imaging processing,1999,(8):700-716
【32】Henry R.Kang,Color scanner calibration[J].Journal of imaging science and technology, 1992,36(2):162-170
【33】S.Tominaga.Color control of printers by neural network[J].J.Electronic imaging,1998,(7):664-671
【34】S.Tominaga.Color notation conversion by neurak networks[J].Color research and application,1993, (18):253-259
【35】郭茂祖,王亚东,苏晓红,王兴起.基于BP网络的色彩匹配方法研究[J].计算机学报,2000,23(8):819-823
【36】Tominaga.THE CHARACTERIZATION MODELS FOR MULTI-COLORED CMYKRGB PRINTING PROCESS[J].TAGA,1988,(11):8-9
【37】徐敏.Lab 与 CMY 转换方程的研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2003:5-15
【38】张逸新.分色制版新技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001:58-150
【39】陈永利,刘文霞.灰平衡工艺数据规范的研究与分析[J].包装工程,2004,25(4):26-28
【40】林莉.在彩色复制中对黑版的探讨[J].福建轻纺,2000,(9):11-15
【41】胡涛,车晓岩.色彩管理中的灰平衡控制[J].印刷杂志,2004,(4):54-56
【42】王文凤,赵秀萍,唐万有.印刷中的灰平衡控制[J].机电信息,2005,(6):39-42
【43】刘真,崔虎平.一种简单的黑版确定方法[J].信息工程大学测绘学院学报,2000,17(3): 210-213
【44】陈永常.现代印刷技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.16-150
【45】姚海根.数字印刷技术[M].上海:上海科学出版社,2001.124-171
【46】魏莉,谢俊旗等.常用印刷标准解读[M].北京:印刷工业出版社,2005.150-164