圆锥壳体织物的设计与制作
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摘要
随着航空航天以及高新技术的发展,纤维纺织技术的潜力逐渐被复合材料所利用,为了获得良好的力学性能和特殊的结构功能,研制开发了多种具有新型纺织结构的纤维立体织物。其中以三维编织纤维为增强体的整体复合材料结构,大大提高了其厚度方向的强度和抗冲击损伤性能,为先进复合材料应用开拓了新的领域,利于复合材料的整体净尺寸成型,并为制造复杂形状复合材料开辟了新的途径,提高了材料的结构性能,并降低复合材料的生产成本,因而倍受重视并获得了迅速的发展。
论文首先通过采用原料丙纶完成了平面板状接结纬接结结构四层织物和三维正交结构十二层织物的设计和织造,并在两种厚重织物织造过程中解决了丙纶纱线的一些加工问题,如易勾丝、产生静电、起毛起球、纱线粘结等,同时分析了此过程中厚重织物的张力控制等问题;两种织物下机后比较了它们的经纬纱密度以及厚度,之后采用火棉胶将织物的结构固定,观察两种织物的截面结构图并分析了其实际与理论设计结构的差异及其产生的原因,通过测试在相同经纬密度情况下两种织物厚度以及单位面积质量并比较得到它们的体积密度,于万能材料试验机上测试两种结构织物的经纬向拉伸性能得到在相同外力作用下三维正交结构织物经纬向的形状保持性均较好,最后结合参考文献了解两种结构的其他性能比较情况,为本课题中制作的圆锥壳体织物选择了一种性能合适的结构。
在圆锥壳体织物的设计和制作中,主要从其编织方式设计、组织结构设计、基本结构参数的设计(包括圆锥壳体织物的厚度设计、纱线排列密度设计以及密度均匀性设计)、添纱方案的设计、经纬纱线长度以及弹性元件长度的设计等方面作了详细的介绍;然后按照设计方案就圆锥壳体织物的起头挂纱、添加预加张力、开口、引纬和打纬以及逐次添纱等相关工艺和操作进行了一系列的研究和探索,得到一套合理且可行的上机工艺和技术。
在将下机后圆锥壳体织物的结构固定后,通过测试各项参数如经纬纱线密度、织物厚度等并切取截面结构进行观察,最后将其与理论设计的各相关参数进行比较,结果表明,圆锥壳体织物的结构设计是合理的、制定的各项工艺参数是可行的、采取的操作技术是有效的,为以后采用高性能纤维进行相关的设计与制作有一定的指导作用。
Along with the development of aviation, spaceflight and new & high technology, the potential of textile fiber technology is gradually being used by the composite material, In order to obtain some well mechanics capabilities and special structure functions, people had researched and exploited many kinds of three-dimensional fabric with new textile structure. Take the three-dimensional braided textile preforms as to strengthen the substance like the whole composite material structure, greatly enhanced its thickness direction intensity and the anti-impact & damage performance, developed the new domain for the application of advanced composite material, benefited for the whole-shaping of the composite material, and opened the new way for making the complicated shape composite material, enhanced the structure performance of composite material, and reduced the cost of production in composite material, thus it is valued and obtained the rapid development.
This paper first through used the polypropylene fiber to finish the design and preparation & weaving of the four-layer fabric with weft yarn bonder structure and the twelve-layer fabric with three-dimensional orthogonal structure, and resolved some processing problems of polypropylene yarn in the process of two kinds of thick & heavy fabrics, such as easily being pulled thread, producing static electricity, pilling and the yarn caking, etc. At the same time, the tension control problems in these two kinds of thick & heavy fabrics' weaving process were analyzed. After two kinds of fabrics got off the machine, their both wefts and warps density as well as thickness were compared. Then by fixing the structure of the fabrics with Collodion, the section structure drawings of both kinds of fabrics were observed. The reasons what the differences between the actual structure and the theoretical design structure were analyzed. Through testing two kinds of fabrics' thickness and the quality in unit area in the same thread count condition, their bulk density were obtained and compared. On the Universal Testing Machine, the weft &warp tensile capability of two kinds of structures fabrics were tested. From the tested results, the conclusion was that the three-dimensional orthogonal structure fabric had better shape maintenance be obtained and it was chosen as an appropriate performance structure for the manufactured cone-shaped shell fabric.
In the design and manufacture of cone-shaped shell fabric, the design of braided mode, the organizational structure, the basic structure's parameters (including the cone-shaped shell fabric's thickness, the density in arrangement of yarns' and the uniformity of density etc), the yarns adding project, the length of weft &warp and the design of the elastic element's length were introduced mainly and detailedly. Then according to the design scheme, the operating technique how to hang yarns in beginning, to add the pre-tension, to shed, to insert and beating-up weft as well as to add yarns gradually and so on were studied serially. A set reasonable and feasible hands-on craft and technology were obtained.
After the cone-shaped shell fabric got-off the machine, its structure was fixed also with Collodion. Through tested the parameters such as warp and weft density, thickness and so on, observed the section structure, took the actual parameter compared with the correlation parameter of theoretical design, the results indicated that the design of cone-shaped shell fabric's structure was reasonable, each constituted technical parameter was feasible, and the adoptive manipulation technique was effective. All this means that if using high performance textile fibers, the correlative design and manufacture method can be carried on in the future.
论文首先通过采用原料丙纶完成了平面板状接结纬接结结构四层织物和三维正交结构十二层织物的设计和织造,并在两种厚重织物织造过程中解决了丙纶纱线的一些加工问题,如易勾丝、产生静电、起毛起球、纱线粘结等,同时分析了此过程中厚重织物的张力控制等问题;两种织物下机后比较了它们的经纬纱密度以及厚度,之后采用火棉胶将织物的结构固定,观察两种织物的截面结构图并分析了其实际与理论设计结构的差异及其产生的原因,通过测试在相同经纬密度情况下两种织物厚度以及单位面积质量并比较得到它们的体积密度,于万能材料试验机上测试两种结构织物的经纬向拉伸性能得到在相同外力作用下三维正交结构织物经纬向的形状保持性均较好,最后结合参考文献了解两种结构的其他性能比较情况,为本课题中制作的圆锥壳体织物选择了一种性能合适的结构。
在圆锥壳体织物的设计和制作中,主要从其编织方式设计、组织结构设计、基本结构参数的设计(包括圆锥壳体织物的厚度设计、纱线排列密度设计以及密度均匀性设计)、添纱方案的设计、经纬纱线长度以及弹性元件长度的设计等方面作了详细的介绍;然后按照设计方案就圆锥壳体织物的起头挂纱、添加预加张力、开口、引纬和打纬以及逐次添纱等相关工艺和操作进行了一系列的研究和探索,得到一套合理且可行的上机工艺和技术。
在将下机后圆锥壳体织物的结构固定后,通过测试各项参数如经纬纱线密度、织物厚度等并切取截面结构进行观察,最后将其与理论设计的各相关参数进行比较,结果表明,圆锥壳体织物的结构设计是合理的、制定的各项工艺参数是可行的、采取的操作技术是有效的,为以后采用高性能纤维进行相关的设计与制作有一定的指导作用。
Along with the development of aviation, spaceflight and new & high technology, the potential of textile fiber technology is gradually being used by the composite material, In order to obtain some well mechanics capabilities and special structure functions, people had researched and exploited many kinds of three-dimensional fabric with new textile structure. Take the three-dimensional braided textile preforms as to strengthen the substance like the whole composite material structure, greatly enhanced its thickness direction intensity and the anti-impact & damage performance, developed the new domain for the application of advanced composite material, benefited for the whole-shaping of the composite material, and opened the new way for making the complicated shape composite material, enhanced the structure performance of composite material, and reduced the cost of production in composite material, thus it is valued and obtained the rapid development.
This paper first through used the polypropylene fiber to finish the design and preparation & weaving of the four-layer fabric with weft yarn bonder structure and the twelve-layer fabric with three-dimensional orthogonal structure, and resolved some processing problems of polypropylene yarn in the process of two kinds of thick & heavy fabrics, such as easily being pulled thread, producing static electricity, pilling and the yarn caking, etc. At the same time, the tension control problems in these two kinds of thick & heavy fabrics' weaving process were analyzed. After two kinds of fabrics got off the machine, their both wefts and warps density as well as thickness were compared. Then by fixing the structure of the fabrics with Collodion, the section structure drawings of both kinds of fabrics were observed. The reasons what the differences between the actual structure and the theoretical design structure were analyzed. Through testing two kinds of fabrics' thickness and the quality in unit area in the same thread count condition, their bulk density were obtained and compared. On the Universal Testing Machine, the weft &warp tensile capability of two kinds of structures fabrics were tested. From the tested results, the conclusion was that the three-dimensional orthogonal structure fabric had better shape maintenance be obtained and it was chosen as an appropriate performance structure for the manufactured cone-shaped shell fabric.
In the design and manufacture of cone-shaped shell fabric, the design of braided mode, the organizational structure, the basic structure's parameters (including the cone-shaped shell fabric's thickness, the density in arrangement of yarns' and the uniformity of density etc), the yarns adding project, the length of weft &warp and the design of the elastic element's length were introduced mainly and detailedly. Then according to the design scheme, the operating technique how to hang yarns in beginning, to add the pre-tension, to shed, to insert and beating-up weft as well as to add yarns gradually and so on were studied serially. A set reasonable and feasible hands-on craft and technology were obtained.
After the cone-shaped shell fabric got-off the machine, its structure was fixed also with Collodion. Through tested the parameters such as warp and weft density, thickness and so on, observed the section structure, took the actual parameter compared with the correlation parameter of theoretical design, the results indicated that the design of cone-shaped shell fabric's structure was reasonable, each constituted technical parameter was feasible, and the adoptive manipulation technique was effective. All this means that if using high performance textile fibers, the correlative design and manufacture method can be carried on in the future.
引文
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