具有QoS保障的服务网格关键理论与技术研究
|
摘要
网格是继传统互联网、Web之后的第三个大浪潮,可以称之为第三代互联网。传统互联网实现了计算机系统的连通,Web实现了网页的连通,而网格试图实现互联网上所有资源的全面连通。网格将成为未来的网络基础设施,几乎所有的应用都将基于网格。网格应用领域的重点目前已开始从单纯的科学计算转到科学计算和非科学计算并重上面来。服务网格需要为各类应用提供一种通用的、协同共享的标准中间件,开放式网格服务体系结构OGSA(Open Grid Service Architecture)的提出,标志着服务网格的研究进入了实质性的阶段。服务网格采用标准的“服务”方式,对各种类型应用提供统一的支持。Web服务资源框架WSRF(Web Services Resource Framework)的提出,加速了网格技术和Web services技术的融合,以及科研界和工业界、商业界研究的接轨,新的服务标准化道路正在逐步形成,基于服务网格平台和标准化协议的各种应用将充分发挥整合共享的优势。HowU信息处理平台正是基于服务网格的理念设计出来的。
网格的理念已经逐步得到了社会的认同,但如何采用一种数学的方式来定义网格,对网格中发生的行为进行形式化的描述,这是网格研究者迫切需要解决的问题,此类问题的解决也能为网格的进一步研究和网格系统的开发提供理论指导。作为HowU信息处理平台的理论基础,网格形式化框架及行为规则模型VSP(虚拟组织V、服务池S以及物理资源池P)充分考虑了服务网格的本质特征:动态性、协同性以及服务质量,采用离散数学工具对网格框架进行形式化定义,采用ASM(Abstract State Machines)对网格的行为进行规则描述。
如何有效组织、管理和获取服务及其信息是解决服务网格服务质量的一个关键因素。在当前国内外流行的网格信息服务的基础上,HowU信息服务器体系结构分为两个层次:多索引服务器结构和组织域信息服务。多索引服务器结构提供全局的服务路由,同时维持下级注册服务的可用性。组织域信息服务保证服务的当前信息有效性,用于组织域内服务的协商和调度决策。信息的发布是以“服务”为单位的,
HowU信息服务器针对服务发布的关键信息──服务能力,提供了评估和预测的方法。针对服务的状态变化、交互机制及一致性问题,HowU信息服务器采用了全局时钟机制及灵活构建的方法。
当前网格范围内的服务请求和调度已开始向规范化方向发展,与之相关的协议规范有:SLA(Service Level Agreement)、WS-Agreement和WS-Policy等。在上述协议和虚拟服务的基础上,HowU信息处理平台采用了规范描述和实现相分离的实时容错服务调度机制,并以数据服务为例对该机制进行了实现。数据服务采用了广域网的数据分片方式,提供了具有服务质量保证的数据发布和传输功能、基于文件重要程度和服务等级两种带宽分配策略以及相应的实时容错机制。
地理协同标注系统是作为HowU信息处理平台的一个典型示例应用。在地理协同标注系统中,用户的一次协同标注活动可看成一次虚拟组织的活动。作为用户的一次会话过程,是有生命期的,部署在平台上则为一次虚拟组织的访问,用户在虚拟组织中的活动及其管理则表现为地图控制和标注、地图导入以及会话管理。地图导入是基于本平台的数据服务实现的,通过虚拟服务机制定位具体数据服务的物理位置,并采用了SLA机制来协商服务的提供以及服务质量监控和违例处理。会话的管理是基于GT3提供的服务实例展开的,用于维护虚拟组织中所有个体的状态,并提供协同操作功能和容错功能。
Grid is regarded as the third generation Internet after traditional Internet and Web. Interconnection among computer hardwares is implemented by traditional Internet. World Wide Web solves the problems from interconnection among web pages. Grid tries to interconnect all the resources on the Internet. Grid will become network infrustructure in the future, almost all the applications will be developed and performed based on grid. The emphasis of grid application has transferred from single science computing into all kinds of applications. Service grid should provide a general, coordinated, standard middleware for all kinds of applications. As the emergence of Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA), the research on service grid has a real beginning. Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF) accelerates the intergration between grid and Web services, and the association among science research, industry, and business. New way for service standardization is gradually formed, and all kinds of applications can communicate with each other based on grid platform and the standardized protocols. HowU information processing platform is designed and implemented based on service grid.
The thought on “grid” is well accepted by the society, but how to define grid with mathematical tools and describe the actions in grid system formally is a large challenge for grid researchers. If such problems are solved perfectly, the further research on grid and the development of grid system will move towards the right way. As the theoretic base of HowU information processing platform, Three-level grid model, VSP model(Virtual organization, Service pool, and Physical resource pool), is proposed with full consideration to the properties of service grid, including dynamic characteristic, coordination, and Quality of Service. The VSP model has adopted discrete mathematics to define grid framework formally, and Abstract State Machine (ASM) is available to describe grid actions by rules.
How to effectively organize, manage, and achieve services and their information is a key issue for solving the QoS issue of HowU information processing platform. Based on other popular grid information services, HowU information service is proposed. It is classified into two levels: multiple index server architecture (high level) and organization
information service (low level). Multiple index server architecture provides global service routing, and maintains the usability of the low level information server. Organization information service is used to guarantee the validity of current service information, which is available for service negotiation and scheduling decision. A service is taken as the minimal unit of information publication. Service capability, which grid users pay more attentions to, is evaluated and predicted separately for various services. HowU information service provides global time mechanicsm and flexible construction method for solving the issues from service status changing, communication load, and consistency.
Currently, service scheduling in grid system evolves towards standardization. There exist some related protocols, such as Service Level Agreement (SLA), WS-Agreement, and WS-Policy, and etc. Based on the above protocols and virtual service mechanism, HowU information processing platform adopts real-time, fault-tolerant service scheduling mechanism, which separates real-time fault-tolerant criterion from the real implementation. Data service is taken as a typical example based on this mechanism. The implementation details of real-time fault-tolerant data service are transparent to grid users. Data service focuses on QoS guarantees for data distribution and transferring, and provides two bandwidth distribution strategies: One is based on file importance, and the other is based on serving grade. In additional, a kind of global optimizing mechanism about file reliability is adopted in data service.
Finally a typical demo application – geographical coordination markup system, is developed based on HowU information processing platform.
网格的理念已经逐步得到了社会的认同,但如何采用一种数学的方式来定义网格,对网格中发生的行为进行形式化的描述,这是网格研究者迫切需要解决的问题,此类问题的解决也能为网格的进一步研究和网格系统的开发提供理论指导。作为HowU信息处理平台的理论基础,网格形式化框架及行为规则模型VSP(虚拟组织V、服务池S以及物理资源池P)充分考虑了服务网格的本质特征:动态性、协同性以及服务质量,采用离散数学工具对网格框架进行形式化定义,采用ASM(Abstract State Machines)对网格的行为进行规则描述。
如何有效组织、管理和获取服务及其信息是解决服务网格服务质量的一个关键因素。在当前国内外流行的网格信息服务的基础上,HowU信息服务器体系结构分为两个层次:多索引服务器结构和组织域信息服务。多索引服务器结构提供全局的服务路由,同时维持下级注册服务的可用性。组织域信息服务保证服务的当前信息有效性,用于组织域内服务的协商和调度决策。信息的发布是以“服务”为单位的,
HowU信息服务器针对服务发布的关键信息──服务能力,提供了评估和预测的方法。针对服务的状态变化、交互机制及一致性问题,HowU信息服务器采用了全局时钟机制及灵活构建的方法。
当前网格范围内的服务请求和调度已开始向规范化方向发展,与之相关的协议规范有:SLA(Service Level Agreement)、WS-Agreement和WS-Policy等。在上述协议和虚拟服务的基础上,HowU信息处理平台采用了规范描述和实现相分离的实时容错服务调度机制,并以数据服务为例对该机制进行了实现。数据服务采用了广域网的数据分片方式,提供了具有服务质量保证的数据发布和传输功能、基于文件重要程度和服务等级两种带宽分配策略以及相应的实时容错机制。
地理协同标注系统是作为HowU信息处理平台的一个典型示例应用。在地理协同标注系统中,用户的一次协同标注活动可看成一次虚拟组织的活动。作为用户的一次会话过程,是有生命期的,部署在平台上则为一次虚拟组织的访问,用户在虚拟组织中的活动及其管理则表现为地图控制和标注、地图导入以及会话管理。地图导入是基于本平台的数据服务实现的,通过虚拟服务机制定位具体数据服务的物理位置,并采用了SLA机制来协商服务的提供以及服务质量监控和违例处理。会话的管理是基于GT3提供的服务实例展开的,用于维护虚拟组织中所有个体的状态,并提供协同操作功能和容错功能。
Grid is regarded as the third generation Internet after traditional Internet and Web. Interconnection among computer hardwares is implemented by traditional Internet. World Wide Web solves the problems from interconnection among web pages. Grid tries to interconnect all the resources on the Internet. Grid will become network infrustructure in the future, almost all the applications will be developed and performed based on grid. The emphasis of grid application has transferred from single science computing into all kinds of applications. Service grid should provide a general, coordinated, standard middleware for all kinds of applications. As the emergence of Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA), the research on service grid has a real beginning. Web Service Resource Framework (WSRF) accelerates the intergration between grid and Web services, and the association among science research, industry, and business. New way for service standardization is gradually formed, and all kinds of applications can communicate with each other based on grid platform and the standardized protocols. HowU information processing platform is designed and implemented based on service grid.
The thought on “grid” is well accepted by the society, but how to define grid with mathematical tools and describe the actions in grid system formally is a large challenge for grid researchers. If such problems are solved perfectly, the further research on grid and the development of grid system will move towards the right way. As the theoretic base of HowU information processing platform, Three-level grid model, VSP model(Virtual organization, Service pool, and Physical resource pool), is proposed with full consideration to the properties of service grid, including dynamic characteristic, coordination, and Quality of Service. The VSP model has adopted discrete mathematics to define grid framework formally, and Abstract State Machine (ASM) is available to describe grid actions by rules.
How to effectively organize, manage, and achieve services and their information is a key issue for solving the QoS issue of HowU information processing platform. Based on other popular grid information services, HowU information service is proposed. It is classified into two levels: multiple index server architecture (high level) and organization
information service (low level). Multiple index server architecture provides global service routing, and maintains the usability of the low level information server. Organization information service is used to guarantee the validity of current service information, which is available for service negotiation and scheduling decision. A service is taken as the minimal unit of information publication. Service capability, which grid users pay more attentions to, is evaluated and predicted separately for various services. HowU information service provides global time mechanicsm and flexible construction method for solving the issues from service status changing, communication load, and consistency.
Currently, service scheduling in grid system evolves towards standardization. There exist some related protocols, such as Service Level Agreement (SLA), WS-Agreement, and WS-Policy, and etc. Based on the above protocols and virtual service mechanism, HowU information processing platform adopts real-time, fault-tolerant service scheduling mechanism, which separates real-time fault-tolerant criterion from the real implementation. Data service is taken as a typical example based on this mechanism. The implementation details of real-time fault-tolerant data service are transparent to grid users. Data service focuses on QoS guarantees for data distribution and transferring, and provides two bandwidth distribution strategies: One is based on file importance, and the other is based on serving grade. In additional, a kind of global optimizing mechanism about file reliability is adopted in data service.
Finally a typical demo application – geographical coordination markup system, is developed based on HowU information processing platform.
引文
I. Foster. The Grid: A New Infrastructure for 21st Century Science. Physics Today, 2002, 55(2):42~47
J. M. Schopf, and B. Nitzberg. Grids: Top Ten Questions. Scientific Programming, special issue on Grid Computing, 2002, 10(2):103~111
I. Foster and C. Kesselman. The Globus Project: A Status Report. In: Proc. IPPS/SPDP '98 Heterogeneous Computing Workshop, Orlando, Florida, USA. 1998. IEEE Press, 1998. 4~18
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, Globus: A Metacomputing Infrastructure Toolkit. Intl J. Supercomputer Applications, 1997, 11(2):115-128
Ian Foster. What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist. 2002.
http://www-fp.mcs.anl.gov/~foster/Articles/WhatIsTheGrid.pdf
K. Czajkowski, I. Foster, and C. Kesselman. Resource Co-Allocation in Computational Grids”, In: Proc. the 8th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-8), Redondo Beach, California, USA. 2001. IEEE Press, 2001. 219~228
C. Lee, C. Kesselman, J. Stepanek, and et al. The Quality of Service Component for the Globus Metacomputing System. In: Edward W. Knightly ed. .Proc. The Sixth IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Quality of Service(IWQoS '98), Napa, CA. 1998. IEEE Press, 1998. 140~142
R. Armstrong, D. Gannon, A. Geist, and et al. Toward a Common Component Architecture for High Performance Scientific Computing. In: Proc. The 8th IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Redondo Beach, California, USA. 2001. IEEE Press, 2001.115~124
J. Dongarra. An Overview of Computational Grids and Survey of a Few Research Projects. In: Proc. Symposium on Global Information Processing Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 1999
D. Angulo, R. Aydt, F. Berman, and et al. Toward a Framework for Preparing and
Executing Adaptive Grid Programs. In: Proc. Int'l Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 322~332
W. E. Johnston, D. Gannon, and B. Nitzberg. Grids as Production Computing Environments: The Engineering Aspects of NASA's Information Power Grid. In: Proc. The 8th IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Redondo Beach, CA. 1999. IEEE Press, 2002. 55~65
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, J. Nick, and et al. The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration. Open Grid Service Infrastructure WG, Global Grid Forum, June 22, 2002
A. Chervenak, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. The Data Grid: Towards an Architecture for the Distributed Management and Analysis of Large Scientific Datasets. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2001, 23:187~200
R. Tuchinda, S. Thakkar, Y. Gil, and et al. Artemis: Integrating Scientific Data on the Grid. In: G. Ferguson ed. .Proc. the Sixteenth Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, San Jose, California. 2004. CA USA:AAAI Press, 2004. 892~899
W. Allcock, A. Chervenak, I. Foster, and et al. Globus Toolkit Support for Distributed Data-Intensive Science. In: Proc. Computing in High Energy Physics (CHEP '01), Sept. 2001. Tokyo Japan:Universal Academy Press, 2001. 35~38
W. E. Allcock, I. Foster, and R. Madduri. Reliable Data Transport: A Critical Service for the Grid. Building Service Based Grids Workshop, Global Grid Forum 11, June 2004
A.L. Chervenak, N. Palavalli, S. Bharathi, and et al. Performance and Scalability of a Replica Location Service. In: Proc. the International IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-13), Hawaii, USA. 2004. IEEE Press, 2004. 182~191
G. Singh, S. Bharathi, A. Chervenak, and et al. A Metadata Catalog Service for Data Intensive Applications. In: Proc. Supercomputing 2003 (SC2003), Arizona, USA. Nov. 2003. ACM Press, 2003. 33~49
A. Rajasekar. SDSC Storage Resource Broker. 2002.
http://www.npaci.edu/DICE/SRB/
J. B. Weissman and B. D. lee. The Service Grid: Supporting Scalable Heterogeneous
Services in Wide-Area Networks. In: Proc. 2001 Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT 2001), San Diego, CA. 2001. IEEE Press, 2001. 95~102
M. Stevens. Service-Oriented Architecture Introduction, Part 1. 2002.
http://softwaredev.eartheweb.com/microsoft/article/010720_101041_100.html
S. Tuecke, K. Czajkowski, I. Foster, and et al. Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) Version 1.0. Global Grid Forum Draft Recommendation, 2003
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, J. Nick, and et al. Grid Services for Distributed System Integration. Computer, 2002, 35(6):37~46
K. Czajkowski, D. Ferguson, I. Foster, and et al. From Open Grid Services Infrastructure to WS-Resource Framework: Refactoring & Evolution. March 5, 2004. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/ library/ws-resource/gr-ogsitowsrf.html
K. Czajkowski. WSRF – The WS-Resource Framework. 2004.
Http://www.globus.org/WSRF/
李伟, 徐志伟. 一种网格空间模型及其应用. 计算机研究与发展. 2003, 40(12):1756~1762
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and S. Tuecke. The Anatomy of the Grid. International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, 2001, 15(3): 200~222
A. S. Grimshaw, and W. A. Wulf. Legion - A View From 50,000 Feet. In: Proc. the Fifth IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Los Alamitos, California, USA. Aug. 1996. IEEE Press, 1996. 39~45
G. Lindahl, A. Grimshaw, A. Ferrari, and et al. Metacomputing - What's in it for me. White paper. 1995. http://legion.virginia.edu/papers.html
Z. Németh and V. Sunderam. A Formal Framework for Defining Grid Systems. In: Proc. the Second IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, Berlin, Germany. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002, 202~211
E. Deelman, G. Singh, M. P. Atkinson, and et al. Grid-Based Metadata Services. In: proc. 16th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM04), Santorini Island, Greece. June 2004. IEEE Press, 2004, 393~402
A. Keller, A. K?ppel, and K. Schopmeyer. Measuring Application Response Times
with the CIM Metrics Model. IEEE/IFIP DSOM, Montreal Canada. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 66-81
Distributed Management Task Force. Specification for CIM Operations over HTTP, Version 1.1. Specification. May 2002.
http://www.dmtf.org/standards/documents/WBEM/DSP200.html
OpenLDAP Foundation. Community developed LDAP software. 2004.
http://www.openldap.org/
T. Bellwood, L. Clément, and C. V. Riegen. UDDI Version 3.0.1. 2003.
http://uddi.org/pubs/uddi_v3.htm
A.Cooke, A. J. G. Gray, L. Ma, and et al. R-GMA: An Information Integration System for Grid Monitoring. In: Proc. CoopIS/DOA/ODBASE, Sicily, Italy. 2003. Springer LNCS, 2003. 462-481
HawkEye: A Monitoring and Management Tool for Distributed Systems. 2004.
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/hawkeye
S. Fisher. Relational Model for Information and Monitoring:[Technical Report]. GWD-Perf-7-1, GGF, 2001
李伟, 徐志伟, 卜冠英, 查礼. 网格环境下一种有效的资源查找方法. 计算机学报, 2003, 26(11):1546~1549
L. Ramakrishnan, and et al. An Authorization Framework for a Grid Based Component Architecture. In: Proc. The 3rd International Workshop on Grid Computing, Tokyo, Japan. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 169~180
V. Welch, F. Siebenlist, I. Foster, and et al. Security for Grid Services. In: Proc. The 12th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-12), Seattle, Washington. 2003. IEEE Press, 2003. 48~57
J. Howell, and D. Kotz. End-to-End Authorization. In Proc. 2000 Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Ajoy, Frank. 2000. USENIX, 2000. 151~164
WebServices – Axis. 2004. http://ws.apache.org/axis/
Abstract State Machines. 2004. http://www.eecs.umich.edu/gasm/
I. Stoica, R. Morris, D. Karger, and et al. Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-peer Lookup
Service for Internet Applications. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, San Deigo, CA. Aug. 2001. ACM Press, 2001. 149~160
J. Nabrzyski, J.M. Schopf, and J. Weglarz. Grid Resource Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Fall 2003. 41~52
J. Frey, T. Tannenbaum, I. Foster, and et al. Condor-G: A Computation Management Agent for Multi-Institutional Grids. Cluster Computing, 2002, 5(3):237~246
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, C. Lee, and et al. A Distributed Resource Management Architecture that Supports Advance Reservations and Co-Allocation. In: Proc. Intl Workshop on Quality of Service, London, UK. 1999. IEEE Press, 1999. 27~36
R. Buyya, D. Abramson, and J. Giddy. Nimrod/G: An Architecture for a Resource Management and Scheduling System in a Global Computational Grid. In: Proc. International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region (HPC Asia 2000), Beijing, China, 2000. IEEE Press, 2000. 7~17
A. Iamnitchi and I. Foster. On Fully Decentralized Resource Discovery in Grid Environments. In: Proc. International Workshop on Grid Computing, Denver, CO. Nov. 2001. Springer LNCS, 2001. 51~62
X. Zhang and J. Schopf. Performance Analysis of the Globus Toolkit Monitoring and Discovery Service, MDS2. In: Proc. the International Workshop on Middleware Performance (MP 2004), part of the 23rd International Performance Computing and Communications Workshop (IPCCC), April 2004
K. Czajkowski, S. Fitzgerald, I. Foster, and et al. Grid Information Services for Distributed Resource Sharing. In: Proc. the Tenth IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-10), San Francisco, California. Aug. 2001. IEEE Press, 2001.181~191
S. Fitzgerald, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. A Directory Service for Configuring High-Performance Distributed Computations. In: Proc. The 6th IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Distributed Computing, Portland, OR, USA. 1997. IEEE Press, 1997. 365-375
X. Zhang, J. Freschl, and J. Schopf. A Performance Study of Monitoring and Information Services for Distributed Systems. In: Proc. the 12th IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Distributed Computing, Seattle, Washington. Aug.
2003. IEEE Press, 2003. 270~279
J. Al-Ali, F. Rana, W. Walker, and et al. G-QoSM: Grid Service Discovery Using QoS Properties. Computing and Informatics Journal, Special Issue on Grid Computing, Institute of Informatics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia, 2002, 21(4):363~382
D. Y. Xu, K. Nahrstedt, and D .D. Wichadakul. Qos-Aware Discovery of Wide-Area Distributed Services. In: Proc. The First IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid 2001), Brisbane, Australia. May 2001. IEEE Press, 2001. 92~100
D. Angulo, I. Foster, C. Liu, and L. Yang. Design and Evaluation of a Resource Selection Framework for Grid Applications. In: Proc. IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-11), Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 63~72
The Web Services Industry Portal. 2004. http://www.webservices.org/
V. Dialani, S. Miles, L. Moreau, and et al. Transparent Fault Tolerance for Web Services based Architectures. In: Proc. The 8th International 12 Europar Conference (EURO-PAR'02), Padeborn, Germany. Aug. 2002. Springer LNCS, 2002. 112~120
K. Ranganathan, and I. Foster. Decoupling Computation and Data Scheduling in Distributed Data-Intensive Applications. In: Proc. The 11th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-11), Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 352~359
Grid Notifcation Framework. 2004. http://www.gridforum.org/1_GIS/GNF.htm
F. Berman, R. Wolski, S. Figueira, and et al. Application-Level Scheduling on Distributed Heterogeneous Networks. In: Proc. Supercomputing’96, Pittsburgh, PA. 1996. ACM Press, 1996. 141~154
H. Ludwig, A. Keller, A. Dan, and et al. A Service Level Agreement Language for Dynamic Electronic Services. In: Proc. the 4th IEEE Int’l Workshop on Advanced Issues of E-Commerce and Web-Based Information Systems (WECWIS 2002), Los Alamitos, CA. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 62~76
A. Keller, and H. Ludwig. The WSLA Framework: Specifying and Monitoring Service Level Agreements for Web Services. Journal of Network and Systems
Management, Special Issue on "E-Business Management", March 2003, 11(1):57~81
L. Lewis and P. Ray. On the Migration from Enterprise Management to Integrated Service Level Management. IEEE Network, Jan. 2002, 16(1):8~14
A. Keller, G. Kar, H. Ludwig, and et al. Managing Dynamic Services: A Contract based Approach to a Conceptual Architecture. In: Proc. the 8th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS’2002), Florence, Italy. April 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 513~528
K. Czajkowski, A. Dan, J. Rofrano, and et al. Agreement-based Grid Service Management (OGSI-Agreement) (Draft 0). Global Grid Forum, GRAAP-WG Author Contribution, June 2003
K. Czajkowski, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. SNAP: A Protocol for negotiating service level agreements and coordinating resource management in distributed systems. In: Proc. The 8th Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing, Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. Springer LNCS, 2002. 153-183
W. Smith, I. Foster, and V. Taylor. Scheduling with Advanced Reservations. In: Proc. the IPDPS Conference, Los Alamitos, CA. May 2000. IEEE Press, 2000. 127~132
K. Keahey, T. Araki, and P. Lane. Agreement-Based Interactions for Experimental Science.?In: Proc. Europar, Pisa, Italy. Aug. 2004
A. Chervenak, E. Deelman, I. Foster, and et al. Giggle: A Framework for Constructing Scalable Replica Location Services. In: Proc. Supercomputing 2002 (SC2002), Baltimore, USA. Nov. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 81~94
H. Stockinger, A. Samar, B. Allcock, and et al. File and Object Replication in Data Grids. Journal of Cluster Computing, 2002, 5(3):305~314
M. Ripeanu, and I. Foster. Decentralized, Adaptive, Replica Location Service. In: Proc. The 11th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-11), Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 13~23
I. Foster, J. Voeckler, M. Wilde, and et al. Chimera: A Virtual Data System for Representing, Querying and Automating Data Derivation. In: Proc. the 14th Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management, Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 384~390
J. J. Jang. An Approach to Designing Reusable Service Frameworks via Virtual Service Machine. In: Proc. The 2001 symposium on Software reusability, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2001. ACM Press, 2001. 58~66
J. J. Jang. Towards a Universal Service-Computing Platform via Virtual Service Machine. In: Proc. The 2001 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), Las Vegas, NV, USA. March 2001. ACM Press, 2001. 663~667
IBM, BEA, Microsoft, SAP, Sonic Software, VeriSign. Web Services Policy Framework (WS-Policy). 2003.
http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/specification/ws-polfram/
G and W Enterprises. Web Service Agreement. 2004.
http://www.bassnedge.com/ GandW/wsa.htm
M. Litzkow, T. Tannenbaum, J. Basney, and et al. Checkpoint and Migration of UNIX Processes in the Condor Distributed Processing System:[Technical Report]. RJ 1346, University of Wisconsin Madison Computer Sciences, 1997
K. Birman. Replication and Fault Tolerance in the ISIS System. In Proc. The 10th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, WA, USA. Dec. 1985. ACM Press, 1985, 79~86
A. Sahai, V. Machiraju, M. Sayal, et al. Automated SLA Monitoring for Web Services. IEEE/IFIP DSOM, Montreal Canada. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 28~41
M. Debusmann, A. Keller. SLA-driven Management of Distributed Systems Using the Common Information Model. Integrated Network Management, Colorado Springs, USA. 2003. IEEE Press, 2003. 563~576
W. Allcock. GridFTP Protocol Specification. Global Grid Forum Recommendation GFD.20. March 2003
W. Allcock, J. Bresnahan, I. Foster, and et al. GridFTP Update Jan. 2002:[Technical Report]. Globus Project, Jan. 2002
S. Vazhkudai, and J. Schopf. Using Regression Techniques to Predict Large Data Transfers. The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications (IJHPCA), special issue on Grid Computing: Infrastructure and Applications, Aug. 2003, 17(3):249~268
B. Allcock, J. Bester, J. Bresnahan, and et al. Data Management and Transfer in High Performance Computational Grid Environments, Parallel Computing Journal, May 2002, 28(5): 749~771
J. Lee, D. Gunter, B. Tierney, and et al. Applied Techniques for High Bandwidth Data Transfers Across Wide Area Networks, In: Proc. International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Beijing, China, Sept. 2001
A. Iamnitchi and I. Foster. A Problem-Specific Fault-Tolerance Mechanism for Asynchronous, Distributed Systems, In: Proc. International Conference on Parallel Processing, Toronto, Canada. Aug. 2000. IEEE Press, 2000. 4~13
P. Stelling, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. A Fault Detection Service for Wide Area Distributed Computations, In: Proc. The 7th IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 1998. IEEE Press, 1998. 268~278
R. Madduri, W. Allcock, C. Hood. Reliable File Transfers in Grid Environments, In: Proc. The 27th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, Tampa, Florida USA. 2001. IEEE Press, 2001. 737~738
J. Bester, I. Foster,?C. Kesselman, and et al. GASS: A Data Movement and Access Service for Wide Area Computing Systems, In: Proc. The Sixth Workshop on I/O in Parallel and Distributed Systems, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. May 5, 1999. ACM Press, 1999. 78~88
H. Zhang, K. Keahey, B. Allcock. Providing Data Transfer with QoS as Agreement-Based Service, In: Proc. 2004 International Conference on Services Computing (SCC 2004), Shanghai, China. September 15-18, 2004. IEEE Press, 2004. 344~353
I. Foster, M. Fidler, A. Roy, and et al. End-to-End Quality of Service for High-end Applications, Computer Communications, 2004, 27(14):1375~1388
K. Ranganathan and I. Foster. Design and Evaluation of Dynamic Replication Strategies for High Performance Data Grids, In: Proc. International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Beijing, China, Sept. 2001
A. Chervenak, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. The Data Grid: Towards an Architecture for the Distributed Management and Analysis of Large Scientific
Datasets,?Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2001, 23:187~200
W. Allcock, J. Bester, J. Bresnahan, and et al. GridMapper: A Tool for Visualizing the Behavior of Large-Scale Distributed Systems, In: Proc. The 11th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-11), Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 179~187
L. Purdy, F. Safayeni, and U. Astad. Virtual Organizations and Management Control, In: Proc. International Conference on Engineering and Technology Management, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Aug. 1996. IEEE Press, 1996, 486~490
G. Wasson and M. Humphrey. Policy and Enforcement in Virtual Organizations, In: Proc. the Fourth International Workshop on Grid Computing (GRID’03), Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Nov. 2003. IEEE Computer Society Press, 2003. 125~132
L. M. Camarinha-Matos. Infrastructures for Virtual Organizations - Where we are. In: Proc. IEEE Conference of Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Sept. 2003. 2:405~414
F. Siebenlist, and et al. OGSA Security Roadmap. 2002.
http://www.globus.org/ogsa/Security/ ogsasec-roadmap-v13.pdf
V. Welch, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. X.509 Proxy Certificates for Dynamic Delegation. In: Proc. The 3rd Annual PKI R&D Workshop, MD, USA. 2004. IEEE Press, 2004. 230~238
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, G. Tsudik, and et al. A Security Architecture for Computational Grids. In Proc. The 5th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security Conference, New York, USA. 1998. ACM Press, 1998. 83~92
K. Keahey, V. Welch. Fine-Grain Authorization for Resource Management in the Grid Environment. In: Proc. The Third International Workshop on Grid Computing,?Baltimore, Md. 2002. Springer LNCS, 2002. 199~206
K. Keahey, V. Welch, S. Lang, and et al. Fine-Grain Authorization Policies in the GRID: Design and Implementation. In: Proc. The 1st International Workshop on Middleware for Grid Computing, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2003. Brazil:PUC-Rio, 2003. 170~177
L. Pearlman, V. Welch, I. Foster, and et al. A Community Authorization Service for
Group Collaboration. In: Proc. The IEEE 3rd International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks, Monterey, CA. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 50~59
R. Sandhu, E. Coyne, H. Feinstein, and et al. Role-based Access Control Models. IEEE Computer, 1996, 29(2):38~47
D. F. Ferraiolo, R. Sandhu, and et al. Proposed NIST Standard for Role-Based Access Control. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, 2001, 4(3):224~274
L. Michael. Coordinated Editing of Versioned Packages in the JP Programming Environment. In: Proc. The SCM-8 Symposium on System Configuration Management, Brussels, Belgium. 1998. Springer LNCS, 1998. 158~173
T. D. Chandra and S. Toueg. Unreliable Failure Detectors for Reliable Distributed Systems. Journal of the ACM, ACM Press, 1996, 43(2):225~267
V. Hadzilacos and S. Toueg. Fault-Tolerant Broadcasts and Related Problems. In: S. Mullender, ed. .Proc. Distributed Systems, New York, USA. 1993. ACM Press, 1993. 97~145
I. Gupta, R. Van Renesse, and K. Birman. Scalable Fault-Tolerant Aggregation in Large Process Groups. In: Proc. The 2001 IEEE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, Goteborg, Sweden. July 2001. IEEE Press, 2001. 433~442??
J. M. Schopf, and B. Nitzberg. Grids: Top Ten Questions. Scientific Programming, special issue on Grid Computing, 2002, 10(2):103~111
I. Foster and C. Kesselman. The Globus Project: A Status Report. In: Proc. IPPS/SPDP '98 Heterogeneous Computing Workshop, Orlando, Florida, USA. 1998. IEEE Press, 1998. 4~18
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, Globus: A Metacomputing Infrastructure Toolkit. Intl J. Supercomputer Applications, 1997, 11(2):115-128
Ian Foster. What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist. 2002.
http://www-fp.mcs.anl.gov/~foster/Articles/WhatIsTheGrid.pdf
K. Czajkowski, I. Foster, and C. Kesselman. Resource Co-Allocation in Computational Grids”, In: Proc. the 8th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-8), Redondo Beach, California, USA. 2001. IEEE Press, 2001. 219~228
C. Lee, C. Kesselman, J. Stepanek, and et al. The Quality of Service Component for the Globus Metacomputing System. In: Edward W. Knightly ed. .Proc. The Sixth IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Quality of Service(IWQoS '98), Napa, CA. 1998. IEEE Press, 1998. 140~142
R. Armstrong, D. Gannon, A. Geist, and et al. Toward a Common Component Architecture for High Performance Scientific Computing. In: Proc. The 8th IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Redondo Beach, California, USA. 2001. IEEE Press, 2001.115~124
J. Dongarra. An Overview of Computational Grids and Survey of a Few Research Projects. In: Proc. Symposium on Global Information Processing Technology, Tokyo, Japan, 1999
D. Angulo, R. Aydt, F. Berman, and et al. Toward a Framework for Preparing and
Executing Adaptive Grid Programs. In: Proc. Int'l Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 322~332
W. E. Johnston, D. Gannon, and B. Nitzberg. Grids as Production Computing Environments: The Engineering Aspects of NASA's Information Power Grid. In: Proc. The 8th IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Redondo Beach, CA. 1999. IEEE Press, 2002. 55~65
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, J. Nick, and et al. The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration. Open Grid Service Infrastructure WG, Global Grid Forum, June 22, 2002
A. Chervenak, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. The Data Grid: Towards an Architecture for the Distributed Management and Analysis of Large Scientific Datasets. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2001, 23:187~200
R. Tuchinda, S. Thakkar, Y. Gil, and et al. Artemis: Integrating Scientific Data on the Grid. In: G. Ferguson ed. .Proc. the Sixteenth Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence, San Jose, California. 2004. CA USA:AAAI Press, 2004. 892~899
W. Allcock, A. Chervenak, I. Foster, and et al. Globus Toolkit Support for Distributed Data-Intensive Science. In: Proc. Computing in High Energy Physics (CHEP '01), Sept. 2001. Tokyo Japan:Universal Academy Press, 2001. 35~38
W. E. Allcock, I. Foster, and R. Madduri. Reliable Data Transport: A Critical Service for the Grid. Building Service Based Grids Workshop, Global Grid Forum 11, June 2004
A.L. Chervenak, N. Palavalli, S. Bharathi, and et al. Performance and Scalability of a Replica Location Service. In: Proc. the International IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-13), Hawaii, USA. 2004. IEEE Press, 2004. 182~191
G. Singh, S. Bharathi, A. Chervenak, and et al. A Metadata Catalog Service for Data Intensive Applications. In: Proc. Supercomputing 2003 (SC2003), Arizona, USA. Nov. 2003. ACM Press, 2003. 33~49
A. Rajasekar. SDSC Storage Resource Broker. 2002.
http://www.npaci.edu/DICE/SRB/
J. B. Weissman and B. D. lee. The Service Grid: Supporting Scalable Heterogeneous
Services in Wide-Area Networks. In: Proc. 2001 Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT 2001), San Diego, CA. 2001. IEEE Press, 2001. 95~102
M. Stevens. Service-Oriented Architecture Introduction, Part 1. 2002.
http://softwaredev.eartheweb.com/microsoft/article/010720_101041_100.html
S. Tuecke, K. Czajkowski, I. Foster, and et al. Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) Version 1.0. Global Grid Forum Draft Recommendation, 2003
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, J. Nick, and et al. Grid Services for Distributed System Integration. Computer, 2002, 35(6):37~46
K. Czajkowski, D. Ferguson, I. Foster, and et al. From Open Grid Services Infrastructure to WS-Resource Framework: Refactoring & Evolution. March 5, 2004. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/ library/ws-resource/gr-ogsitowsrf.html
K. Czajkowski. WSRF – The WS-Resource Framework. 2004.
Http://www.globus.org/WSRF/
李伟, 徐志伟. 一种网格空间模型及其应用. 计算机研究与发展. 2003, 40(12):1756~1762
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and S. Tuecke. The Anatomy of the Grid. International Journal of Supercomputer Applications, 2001, 15(3): 200~222
A. S. Grimshaw, and W. A. Wulf. Legion - A View From 50,000 Feet. In: Proc. the Fifth IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Los Alamitos, California, USA. Aug. 1996. IEEE Press, 1996. 39~45
G. Lindahl, A. Grimshaw, A. Ferrari, and et al. Metacomputing - What's in it for me. White paper. 1995. http://legion.virginia.edu/papers.html
Z. Németh and V. Sunderam. A Formal Framework for Defining Grid Systems. In: Proc. the Second IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid, Berlin, Germany. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002, 202~211
E. Deelman, G. Singh, M. P. Atkinson, and et al. Grid-Based Metadata Services. In: proc. 16th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM04), Santorini Island, Greece. June 2004. IEEE Press, 2004, 393~402
A. Keller, A. K?ppel, and K. Schopmeyer. Measuring Application Response Times
with the CIM Metrics Model. IEEE/IFIP DSOM, Montreal Canada. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 66-81
Distributed Management Task Force. Specification for CIM Operations over HTTP, Version 1.1. Specification. May 2002.
http://www.dmtf.org/standards/documents/WBEM/DSP200.html
OpenLDAP Foundation. Community developed LDAP software. 2004.
http://www.openldap.org/
T. Bellwood, L. Clément, and C. V. Riegen. UDDI Version 3.0.1. 2003.
http://uddi.org/pubs/uddi_v3.htm
A.Cooke, A. J. G. Gray, L. Ma, and et al. R-GMA: An Information Integration System for Grid Monitoring. In: Proc. CoopIS/DOA/ODBASE, Sicily, Italy. 2003. Springer LNCS, 2003. 462-481
HawkEye: A Monitoring and Management Tool for Distributed Systems. 2004.
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/hawkeye
S. Fisher. Relational Model for Information and Monitoring:[Technical Report]. GWD-Perf-7-1, GGF, 2001
李伟, 徐志伟, 卜冠英, 查礼. 网格环境下一种有效的资源查找方法. 计算机学报, 2003, 26(11):1546~1549
L. Ramakrishnan, and et al. An Authorization Framework for a Grid Based Component Architecture. In: Proc. The 3rd International Workshop on Grid Computing, Tokyo, Japan. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 169~180
V. Welch, F. Siebenlist, I. Foster, and et al. Security for Grid Services. In: Proc. The 12th International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-12), Seattle, Washington. 2003. IEEE Press, 2003. 48~57
J. Howell, and D. Kotz. End-to-End Authorization. In Proc. 2000 Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation, Ajoy, Frank. 2000. USENIX, 2000. 151~164
WebServices – Axis. 2004. http://ws.apache.org/axis/
Abstract State Machines. 2004. http://www.eecs.umich.edu/gasm/
I. Stoica, R. Morris, D. Karger, and et al. Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-peer Lookup
Service for Internet Applications. In Proc. ACM SIGCOMM, San Deigo, CA. Aug. 2001. ACM Press, 2001. 149~160
J. Nabrzyski, J.M. Schopf, and J. Weglarz. Grid Resource Management. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Fall 2003. 41~52
J. Frey, T. Tannenbaum, I. Foster, and et al. Condor-G: A Computation Management Agent for Multi-Institutional Grids. Cluster Computing, 2002, 5(3):237~246
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, C. Lee, and et al. A Distributed Resource Management Architecture that Supports Advance Reservations and Co-Allocation. In: Proc. Intl Workshop on Quality of Service, London, UK. 1999. IEEE Press, 1999. 27~36
R. Buyya, D. Abramson, and J. Giddy. Nimrod/G: An Architecture for a Resource Management and Scheduling System in a Global Computational Grid. In: Proc. International Conference on High Performance Computing in Asia-Pacific Region (HPC Asia 2000), Beijing, China, 2000. IEEE Press, 2000. 7~17
A. Iamnitchi and I. Foster. On Fully Decentralized Resource Discovery in Grid Environments. In: Proc. International Workshop on Grid Computing, Denver, CO. Nov. 2001. Springer LNCS, 2001. 51~62
X. Zhang and J. Schopf. Performance Analysis of the Globus Toolkit Monitoring and Discovery Service, MDS2. In: Proc. the International Workshop on Middleware Performance (MP 2004), part of the 23rd International Performance Computing and Communications Workshop (IPCCC), April 2004
K. Czajkowski, S. Fitzgerald, I. Foster, and et al. Grid Information Services for Distributed Resource Sharing. In: Proc. the Tenth IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-10), San Francisco, California. Aug. 2001. IEEE Press, 2001.181~191
S. Fitzgerald, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. A Directory Service for Configuring High-Performance Distributed Computations. In: Proc. The 6th IEEE Symposium on High-Performance Distributed Computing, Portland, OR, USA. 1997. IEEE Press, 1997. 365-375
X. Zhang, J. Freschl, and J. Schopf. A Performance Study of Monitoring and Information Services for Distributed Systems. In: Proc. the 12th IEEE International Symposium on High-Performance Distributed Computing, Seattle, Washington. Aug.
2003. IEEE Press, 2003. 270~279
J. Al-Ali, F. Rana, W. Walker, and et al. G-QoSM: Grid Service Discovery Using QoS Properties. Computing and Informatics Journal, Special Issue on Grid Computing, Institute of Informatics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia, 2002, 21(4):363~382
D. Y. Xu, K. Nahrstedt, and D .D. Wichadakul. Qos-Aware Discovery of Wide-Area Distributed Services. In: Proc. The First IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid 2001), Brisbane, Australia. May 2001. IEEE Press, 2001. 92~100
D. Angulo, I. Foster, C. Liu, and L. Yang. Design and Evaluation of a Resource Selection Framework for Grid Applications. In: Proc. IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-11), Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 63~72
The Web Services Industry Portal. 2004. http://www.webservices.org/
V. Dialani, S. Miles, L. Moreau, and et al. Transparent Fault Tolerance for Web Services based Architectures. In: Proc. The 8th International 12 Europar Conference (EURO-PAR'02), Padeborn, Germany. Aug. 2002. Springer LNCS, 2002. 112~120
K. Ranganathan, and I. Foster. Decoupling Computation and Data Scheduling in Distributed Data-Intensive Applications. In: Proc. The 11th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-11), Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 352~359
Grid Notifcation Framework. 2004. http://www.gridforum.org/1_GIS/GNF.htm
F. Berman, R. Wolski, S. Figueira, and et al. Application-Level Scheduling on Distributed Heterogeneous Networks. In: Proc. Supercomputing’96, Pittsburgh, PA. 1996. ACM Press, 1996. 141~154
H. Ludwig, A. Keller, A. Dan, and et al. A Service Level Agreement Language for Dynamic Electronic Services. In: Proc. the 4th IEEE Int’l Workshop on Advanced Issues of E-Commerce and Web-Based Information Systems (WECWIS 2002), Los Alamitos, CA. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 62~76
A. Keller, and H. Ludwig. The WSLA Framework: Specifying and Monitoring Service Level Agreements for Web Services. Journal of Network and Systems
Management, Special Issue on "E-Business Management", March 2003, 11(1):57~81
L. Lewis and P. Ray. On the Migration from Enterprise Management to Integrated Service Level Management. IEEE Network, Jan. 2002, 16(1):8~14
A. Keller, G. Kar, H. Ludwig, and et al. Managing Dynamic Services: A Contract based Approach to a Conceptual Architecture. In: Proc. the 8th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS’2002), Florence, Italy. April 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 513~528
K. Czajkowski, A. Dan, J. Rofrano, and et al. Agreement-based Grid Service Management (OGSI-Agreement) (Draft 0). Global Grid Forum, GRAAP-WG Author Contribution, June 2003
K. Czajkowski, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. SNAP: A Protocol for negotiating service level agreements and coordinating resource management in distributed systems. In: Proc. The 8th Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing, Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. Springer LNCS, 2002. 153-183
W. Smith, I. Foster, and V. Taylor. Scheduling with Advanced Reservations. In: Proc. the IPDPS Conference, Los Alamitos, CA. May 2000. IEEE Press, 2000. 127~132
K. Keahey, T. Araki, and P. Lane. Agreement-Based Interactions for Experimental Science.?In: Proc. Europar, Pisa, Italy. Aug. 2004
A. Chervenak, E. Deelman, I. Foster, and et al. Giggle: A Framework for Constructing Scalable Replica Location Services. In: Proc. Supercomputing 2002 (SC2002), Baltimore, USA. Nov. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 81~94
H. Stockinger, A. Samar, B. Allcock, and et al. File and Object Replication in Data Grids. Journal of Cluster Computing, 2002, 5(3):305~314
M. Ripeanu, and I. Foster. Decentralized, Adaptive, Replica Location Service. In: Proc. The 11th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-11), Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 13~23
I. Foster, J. Voeckler, M. Wilde, and et al. Chimera: A Virtual Data System for Representing, Querying and Automating Data Derivation. In: Proc. the 14th Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management, Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 384~390
J. J. Jang. An Approach to Designing Reusable Service Frameworks via Virtual Service Machine. In: Proc. The 2001 symposium on Software reusability, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 2001. ACM Press, 2001. 58~66
J. J. Jang. Towards a Universal Service-Computing Platform via Virtual Service Machine. In: Proc. The 2001 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC), Las Vegas, NV, USA. March 2001. ACM Press, 2001. 663~667
IBM, BEA, Microsoft, SAP, Sonic Software, VeriSign. Web Services Policy Framework (WS-Policy). 2003.
http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/specification/ws-polfram/
G and W Enterprises. Web Service Agreement. 2004.
http://www.bassnedge.com/ GandW/wsa.htm
M. Litzkow, T. Tannenbaum, J. Basney, and et al. Checkpoint and Migration of UNIX Processes in the Condor Distributed Processing System:[Technical Report]. RJ 1346, University of Wisconsin Madison Computer Sciences, 1997
K. Birman. Replication and Fault Tolerance in the ISIS System. In Proc. The 10th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, WA, USA. Dec. 1985. ACM Press, 1985, 79~86
A. Sahai, V. Machiraju, M. Sayal, et al. Automated SLA Monitoring for Web Services. IEEE/IFIP DSOM, Montreal Canada. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 28~41
M. Debusmann, A. Keller. SLA-driven Management of Distributed Systems Using the Common Information Model. Integrated Network Management, Colorado Springs, USA. 2003. IEEE Press, 2003. 563~576
W. Allcock. GridFTP Protocol Specification. Global Grid Forum Recommendation GFD.20. March 2003
W. Allcock, J. Bresnahan, I. Foster, and et al. GridFTP Update Jan. 2002:[Technical Report]. Globus Project, Jan. 2002
S. Vazhkudai, and J. Schopf. Using Regression Techniques to Predict Large Data Transfers. The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications (IJHPCA), special issue on Grid Computing: Infrastructure and Applications, Aug. 2003, 17(3):249~268
B. Allcock, J. Bester, J. Bresnahan, and et al. Data Management and Transfer in High Performance Computational Grid Environments, Parallel Computing Journal, May 2002, 28(5): 749~771
J. Lee, D. Gunter, B. Tierney, and et al. Applied Techniques for High Bandwidth Data Transfers Across Wide Area Networks, In: Proc. International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Beijing, China, Sept. 2001
A. Iamnitchi and I. Foster. A Problem-Specific Fault-Tolerance Mechanism for Asynchronous, Distributed Systems, In: Proc. International Conference on Parallel Processing, Toronto, Canada. Aug. 2000. IEEE Press, 2000. 4~13
P. Stelling, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. A Fault Detection Service for Wide Area Distributed Computations, In: Proc. The 7th IEEE Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 1998. IEEE Press, 1998. 268~278
R. Madduri, W. Allcock, C. Hood. Reliable File Transfers in Grid Environments, In: Proc. The 27th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, Tampa, Florida USA. 2001. IEEE Press, 2001. 737~738
J. Bester, I. Foster,?C. Kesselman, and et al. GASS: A Data Movement and Access Service for Wide Area Computing Systems, In: Proc. The Sixth Workshop on I/O in Parallel and Distributed Systems, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. May 5, 1999. ACM Press, 1999. 78~88
H. Zhang, K. Keahey, B. Allcock. Providing Data Transfer with QoS as Agreement-Based Service, In: Proc. 2004 International Conference on Services Computing (SCC 2004), Shanghai, China. September 15-18, 2004. IEEE Press, 2004. 344~353
I. Foster, M. Fidler, A. Roy, and et al. End-to-End Quality of Service for High-end Applications, Computer Communications, 2004, 27(14):1375~1388
K. Ranganathan and I. Foster. Design and Evaluation of Dynamic Replication Strategies for High Performance Data Grids, In: Proc. International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics, Beijing, China, Sept. 2001
A. Chervenak, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. The Data Grid: Towards an Architecture for the Distributed Management and Analysis of Large Scientific
Datasets,?Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2001, 23:187~200
W. Allcock, J. Bester, J. Bresnahan, and et al. GridMapper: A Tool for Visualizing the Behavior of Large-Scale Distributed Systems, In: Proc. The 11th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (HPDC-11), Edinburgh, Scotland. July 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 179~187
L. Purdy, F. Safayeni, and U. Astad. Virtual Organizations and Management Control, In: Proc. International Conference on Engineering and Technology Management, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Aug. 1996. IEEE Press, 1996, 486~490
G. Wasson and M. Humphrey. Policy and Enforcement in Virtual Organizations, In: Proc. the Fourth International Workshop on Grid Computing (GRID’03), Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Nov. 2003. IEEE Computer Society Press, 2003. 125~132
L. M. Camarinha-Matos. Infrastructures for Virtual Organizations - Where we are. In: Proc. IEEE Conference of Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Sept. 2003. 2:405~414
F. Siebenlist, and et al. OGSA Security Roadmap. 2002.
http://www.globus.org/ogsa/Security/ ogsasec-roadmap-v13.pdf
V. Welch, I. Foster, C. Kesselman, and et al. X.509 Proxy Certificates for Dynamic Delegation. In: Proc. The 3rd Annual PKI R&D Workshop, MD, USA. 2004. IEEE Press, 2004. 230~238
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, G. Tsudik, and et al. A Security Architecture for Computational Grids. In Proc. The 5th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security Conference, New York, USA. 1998. ACM Press, 1998. 83~92
K. Keahey, V. Welch. Fine-Grain Authorization for Resource Management in the Grid Environment. In: Proc. The Third International Workshop on Grid Computing,?Baltimore, Md. 2002. Springer LNCS, 2002. 199~206
K. Keahey, V. Welch, S. Lang, and et al. Fine-Grain Authorization Policies in the GRID: Design and Implementation. In: Proc. The 1st International Workshop on Middleware for Grid Computing, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2003. Brazil:PUC-Rio, 2003. 170~177
L. Pearlman, V. Welch, I. Foster, and et al. A Community Authorization Service for
Group Collaboration. In: Proc. The IEEE 3rd International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks, Monterey, CA. 2002. IEEE Press, 2002. 50~59
R. Sandhu, E. Coyne, H. Feinstein, and et al. Role-based Access Control Models. IEEE Computer, 1996, 29(2):38~47
D. F. Ferraiolo, R. Sandhu, and et al. Proposed NIST Standard for Role-Based Access Control. ACM Transactions on Information and System Security, 2001, 4(3):224~274
L. Michael. Coordinated Editing of Versioned Packages in the JP Programming Environment. In: Proc. The SCM-8 Symposium on System Configuration Management, Brussels, Belgium. 1998. Springer LNCS, 1998. 158~173
T. D. Chandra and S. Toueg. Unreliable Failure Detectors for Reliable Distributed Systems. Journal of the ACM, ACM Press, 1996, 43(2):225~267
V. Hadzilacos and S. Toueg. Fault-Tolerant Broadcasts and Related Problems. In: S. Mullender, ed. .Proc. Distributed Systems, New York, USA. 1993. ACM Press, 1993. 97~145
I. Gupta, R. Van Renesse, and K. Birman. Scalable Fault-Tolerant Aggregation in Large Process Groups. In: Proc. The 2001 IEEE International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, Goteborg, Sweden. July 2001. IEEE Press, 2001. 433~442??