基于DSP的三相电压型PWM整流器设计与研究
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摘要
三相电压型PWM整流器相对于传统的二极管不控整流或者晶闸管相控整流具有网测电流正弦化、单位功率因素、能量双向流动、系统可四象限运行等优点。已经成为电力电子变流器与电网的重要接口得到越来越广泛的研究和应用。
本文介绍了PWM整流器常见的拓扑结构,分析了PWM整流器的工作原理,在此基础上对三相电压型PWM整流器不同工作状态的换流过程进行深入且细致的分析。建立了三相PWM整流器在三相静止坐标系(abc)、两相静止坐标系(αβ)、两相旋转坐标系(dq)下的数学模型。
根据瞬时功率理论建立了三相PWM整流器的功率模型,采用功率内环,直流母线电压外环的双闭环结构直接控制PWM整流器的有功功率和无功功率,在d-q轴功率前馈解耦的情况下,采用PI调节器调节直流电压和瞬时功率。采用SVPWM算法取代传统功率控制的开关表,解决了开关频率不固定,需要较高的AD采样频率等问题。利用Matlab/Simlink2010b仿真软件建立三相PWM整流器直接功率控制仿真模型,整定各环控制器参数,通过仿真验证直接功率控制的高功率因数、低电流THD、高效率等特点。
本文设计了三相PWM整流器的实验系统。以三菱功率模块PS21867为功率板核心,德州仪器(TI) TMS320F2812系列DSP为控制板核心,分别设计了整流器功率板和控制板电路。给出了三相PWM整流器主电路进线熔断器、功率器件选型以及交流侧电感和直流侧电容的一般设计方法。
编写了三相PWM整流器控制程序,采用模块化编程思想,分别设计了主程序、电网电压过零检测子程序、T1中断服务子程序、AD中断服务子程序、键盘显示子程序。搭建了实验系统对三相PWM整流器实验系统进行实验调试,给出了实验波形,通过对实验结果的分析验证了设计的三相电压型PWM整流器实验系统具有功率因素高、谐波含量少、系统可四象限运行等特点,有一定的的工程可行性和实用性。
Three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier compared to the conventional diode-controlled rectifier or thyristor phase-controlled rectifier has the advantages of the sine of the net measured current, unity power factor, energy flow in both directions, the system can run in four quadrant. Has become a power electronic converter and the grid interface, get more and more extensive research and application.
This article introduces common topology of PWM rectifier and analyzes its principle, based on which the detailed working states of rectification and inversion for three-phase PWM rectifier are analyzed, and qualitative analysis of switching processes for different working states are also given. In order to determine a control strategy, it establishes mathematic model for three-phase voltage PWM rectifier in different coordinate systems.
Establishes power model for the three-phase PWM rectifier based on instantaneous power theory, directly control its active power and reactive power. Direct power control employs dual-loop structure, and replaces the traditional inner current loop and DC bus outer voltage loop with inner power loop. It also replaces the traditional power control switching table by introducing of SVPWM algorithm, to solve the problem that higher AD sampling frequency is needed if switching frequency is not fixed. Then, for the sake of simulation, on Matlab/Simlink2010b, it establishes direct power control model of three-phase PWM rectifier, to justify that it has higher power factor, lower current THD, high efficiency and so on.
This article designs prototyping system of three-phase PWM rectifier. It employs PS21867as the core part of power drive, TMS320F2812as the core part of controlling, to respectively construct the power unit circuit and controlling unit circuit for the prototyping controlling system. The general methods for designing Fuse, Selection of power devices, AC side inductance and DC side capacitance are also simultaneously given.
Finally, it writes the controlling program for the three-phase PWM rectifier based on modular programming ideas. It separately designs the main program, the voltage zero-crossing detection subprogram, T1interrupt service routine, AD interrupt service routine, Keyboard and display routines, Build an experimental system debugging experiment on the experimental system of three-phase PWM rectifier, Given the experimental waveforms,by means of experiments, justifying control algorithm developed in this article, as well as engineering feasibility and superiority of three-phase PWM rectifier.
本文介绍了PWM整流器常见的拓扑结构,分析了PWM整流器的工作原理,在此基础上对三相电压型PWM整流器不同工作状态的换流过程进行深入且细致的分析。建立了三相PWM整流器在三相静止坐标系(abc)、两相静止坐标系(αβ)、两相旋转坐标系(dq)下的数学模型。
根据瞬时功率理论建立了三相PWM整流器的功率模型,采用功率内环,直流母线电压外环的双闭环结构直接控制PWM整流器的有功功率和无功功率,在d-q轴功率前馈解耦的情况下,采用PI调节器调节直流电压和瞬时功率。采用SVPWM算法取代传统功率控制的开关表,解决了开关频率不固定,需要较高的AD采样频率等问题。利用Matlab/Simlink2010b仿真软件建立三相PWM整流器直接功率控制仿真模型,整定各环控制器参数,通过仿真验证直接功率控制的高功率因数、低电流THD、高效率等特点。
本文设计了三相PWM整流器的实验系统。以三菱功率模块PS21867为功率板核心,德州仪器(TI) TMS320F2812系列DSP为控制板核心,分别设计了整流器功率板和控制板电路。给出了三相PWM整流器主电路进线熔断器、功率器件选型以及交流侧电感和直流侧电容的一般设计方法。
编写了三相PWM整流器控制程序,采用模块化编程思想,分别设计了主程序、电网电压过零检测子程序、T1中断服务子程序、AD中断服务子程序、键盘显示子程序。搭建了实验系统对三相PWM整流器实验系统进行实验调试,给出了实验波形,通过对实验结果的分析验证了设计的三相电压型PWM整流器实验系统具有功率因素高、谐波含量少、系统可四象限运行等特点,有一定的的工程可行性和实用性。
Three-phase voltage type PWM rectifier compared to the conventional diode-controlled rectifier or thyristor phase-controlled rectifier has the advantages of the sine of the net measured current, unity power factor, energy flow in both directions, the system can run in four quadrant. Has become a power electronic converter and the grid interface, get more and more extensive research and application.
This article introduces common topology of PWM rectifier and analyzes its principle, based on which the detailed working states of rectification and inversion for three-phase PWM rectifier are analyzed, and qualitative analysis of switching processes for different working states are also given. In order to determine a control strategy, it establishes mathematic model for three-phase voltage PWM rectifier in different coordinate systems.
Establishes power model for the three-phase PWM rectifier based on instantaneous power theory, directly control its active power and reactive power. Direct power control employs dual-loop structure, and replaces the traditional inner current loop and DC bus outer voltage loop with inner power loop. It also replaces the traditional power control switching table by introducing of SVPWM algorithm, to solve the problem that higher AD sampling frequency is needed if switching frequency is not fixed. Then, for the sake of simulation, on Matlab/Simlink2010b, it establishes direct power control model of three-phase PWM rectifier, to justify that it has higher power factor, lower current THD, high efficiency and so on.
This article designs prototyping system of three-phase PWM rectifier. It employs PS21867as the core part of power drive, TMS320F2812as the core part of controlling, to respectively construct the power unit circuit and controlling unit circuit for the prototyping controlling system. The general methods for designing Fuse, Selection of power devices, AC side inductance and DC side capacitance are also simultaneously given.
Finally, it writes the controlling program for the three-phase PWM rectifier based on modular programming ideas. It separately designs the main program, the voltage zero-crossing detection subprogram, T1interrupt service routine, AD interrupt service routine, Keyboard and display routines, Build an experimental system debugging experiment on the experimental system of three-phase PWM rectifier, Given the experimental waveforms,by means of experiments, justifying control algorithm developed in this article, as well as engineering feasibility and superiority of three-phase PWM rectifier.
引文
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[3]张崇魏.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2005.
[4]Shoji Fukuda, Yasumasa Matsumoto, Akira Sagawa. Optimal-Regulator-Based Control of NPC Boost Rectifiers for Unity Power Factor and Reduced Neutral-Point-Potential Variations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1999,46(3):527-534.
[5]Dioxn J.W, Ooi B.T. Indirect current control of a unity power factor sinusoidal current boost type three phase rectifier[J]. IEEE Trans.on Ind. Electron,1988,35(4):508-515.
[6]王晓晨.三相PWM整流器间接电流控制动态性能的改进[J].电力电子技术,2007,41(10)：110-112.
[7]熊健,张凯,裴雪军,陈坚.一种改进的PWM整流器间接电流控制方案仿真[J].电工技术学报,2003,18(1)：57-63.
[8]金红元,邹云屏,林磊.三电平PWM整流器双环控制技术及中点电压平衡控制技术的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(20)：64-68.
[9]张辑,魏盛彪,孙祖明SVPWM整流器的无差拍控制技术[J].制造业自动化,2010,32(6)：236-239.
[10]李春龙.基于状态观测器的PWM整流器电流环无差拍控制技术[J].电工技术学报.2006.
[11]魏克新,张刚,杜明星,牛智博.基于滞环空间矢量三相PWM整流器的研究[J].电气传动,2009,39(9)：33-36.
[12]谢仁践,张波,施斌,张梅.一种新颖的高功率因数整流器的研究[J].电工电能新技术,2002.4(21)：42-45.
[13]黄科元,贺益康.三相PWM整流器空间矢量控制的全数字实现[J].电力电子技术.2003,37(3)：79-82.
[14]BouaA, Gaubert JP, Krim F. Analysis and Design of New Switching Table for Direct Power Control of Three—Phase PWM Rectifier[J]. IEEE Transition on Industry Electronics,2008,78(1):703-709.
[15]汪万伟,尹华杰,管霖.三相电压型PWM整流器滑模变结构直接功率控制[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版).2009,37(11)：83-88.
[17]伍旭鹏.三相电压型PWM整流器的研究[D].长沙：湖南大学,2008.
[18]王久和.电压型PWM整流器的非线性控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008.
[19]钟炎平,张勋,陈耀军.基于负载电流前馈的PWM整流器电压控制研究[J].电气传动,2009,39(9)：41-44.
[20]张平化,杨贵杰,李铁才.三相电压型PWM整流器的二自由度I-PD电压控制[J].电机与控制学报,2009,13(5)：667-672.
[21]Toshihiko Noguchi, Hiroaki Tomiki, Seiji Kondo, Isao Takahashi. Direct Power Control of PWM Converter Without Power-Source Voltage Sensors[J]. IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications,1998,3(24):473-479.
[22]訾振宁,林飞,马颖涛.PWM整流器无电网电压传感器控制策略研究[J].电气传动.2009,39(10)：27-31.
[23]Dong-Choon Lee, Dae-Sik Lim. AC Voltage and Current Sensorless Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2002,12(6):883-890.
[24]喻杰,汤钰鹏,刘宏亮.无交流电流传感器的三相PWM整流器控制策略[J].继电器.2004.4(8)：68-72.
[25]续艳珍.电网电压不平衡时三相PWM整流器控制策略的研究[D].济南：山东大学,2005
[26]程善美,蔡凯,龚博.DSP在电气传动系统中的应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010.
[27]林剑琼.基于反馈线性化和Lyapunov理论的三相PWM整流器系统设计[D].南宁：广西大学,2011.
[28]Bimal K.Bose著,王聪,赵金,于庆广,程红译.现代电力电子学与交流传动[M].北京：机械工学出版社,2005.
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