带辅助电路的12脉波整流电路的研究
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摘要
AC/DC变换器是电力电子装置中最为常用的一种变换器,为了减小其对电网的污染,提高功率因数,功率因数校正技术正得到广泛的运用。目前,单相功率因数校正技术已比较成熟,但三相功率因数校正技术仍处于需进一步研究开发阶段。
高频PWM整流可以有效调节输出电压,使输入电流近似于正弦波。但其成本高,且开关损耗大,效率不高。在中、高功率场合下采用,通常采用多脉波二极管整流技术可以降低设备成本,提高效率,并且不会产生额外的EMI。传统的12脉波整流方式可以在输入电流中消除5、7次谐波,但其输入电流的THD为11.3%,谐波污染仍较大。
本文研究了一种简单的通过辅助电路回馈部分能量的12脉波整流电路,有效减小了输入电流谐波含量,提高功率因数。辅助电路由单相电压逆变器构成,产生交流辅助电压通过变压器耦合到主电路上,从而改善电流波形。但是该电路不能调节输出电压,为了解决这个问题,本文研究了一种基于Boost电路的12脉波整流电路,可以充分运用较为成熟的单相PFC技术。该电路采用连续电流控制方式,控制简单,采用软开关技术有效提高了效率。
本文通过理论分析、仿真研究和实验验证,证实了该电路的合理性和可靠性。与传统的12脉波整流电路相比,以较小的改动改进了PFC的效果,具有一定的实用性。
AC/DC converter is the most widely used converter in the power system. Power factor correction technology is widely used to reduce the harmonic pollution of power supply and improve the power factor. At present, the single-phase PFC is already developed, but three-phase PFC is still in the stage of library works.
High-frequency PWM rectifier can regulate the output voltage with sinusoidal input current. But this method has practical disadvantages since it is not efficient. In high power conditions, the multi-pulse rectifier has been used widely. This approach has several advantages such high efficiency and no additional EMI. Traditional twelve-pulse rectifier can eliminate the 5th,7th harmonics. However, input current THD is 11.3% in this method.
In this paper, a 12-pulse diode rectifier with an auxiliary voltage circuit is proposed. The purpose is to obtain a 12-pulse diode rectifier whose harmonic contents are reduced a lot. The auxiliary voltage circuit consists of two single-phase voltage converters which can be controlled conveniently. The auxiliary voltage reaches to the main circuit through transformer to improve the wave form of the input current. However, this approach can’t regulate the output. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyze a wide input rang active multi-pulse rectifier with Boost modules. Rich single-phase technology is used in the method. The circuit adopts the continuous current method, and adopts soft switch technology to rise efficiency effectively.
In conclusion, the correctness and feasibility of the circuit based on Boost is verified by the mathematical analysis, simulation research and experiments validation.
高频PWM整流可以有效调节输出电压,使输入电流近似于正弦波。但其成本高,且开关损耗大,效率不高。在中、高功率场合下采用,通常采用多脉波二极管整流技术可以降低设备成本,提高效率,并且不会产生额外的EMI。传统的12脉波整流方式可以在输入电流中消除5、7次谐波,但其输入电流的THD为11.3%,谐波污染仍较大。
本文研究了一种简单的通过辅助电路回馈部分能量的12脉波整流电路,有效减小了输入电流谐波含量,提高功率因数。辅助电路由单相电压逆变器构成,产生交流辅助电压通过变压器耦合到主电路上,从而改善电流波形。但是该电路不能调节输出电压,为了解决这个问题,本文研究了一种基于Boost电路的12脉波整流电路,可以充分运用较为成熟的单相PFC技术。该电路采用连续电流控制方式,控制简单,采用软开关技术有效提高了效率。
本文通过理论分析、仿真研究和实验验证,证实了该电路的合理性和可靠性。与传统的12脉波整流电路相比,以较小的改动改进了PFC的效果,具有一定的实用性。
AC/DC converter is the most widely used converter in the power system. Power factor correction technology is widely used to reduce the harmonic pollution of power supply and improve the power factor. At present, the single-phase PFC is already developed, but three-phase PFC is still in the stage of library works.
High-frequency PWM rectifier can regulate the output voltage with sinusoidal input current. But this method has practical disadvantages since it is not efficient. In high power conditions, the multi-pulse rectifier has been used widely. This approach has several advantages such high efficiency and no additional EMI. Traditional twelve-pulse rectifier can eliminate the 5th,7th harmonics. However, input current THD is 11.3% in this method.
In this paper, a 12-pulse diode rectifier with an auxiliary voltage circuit is proposed. The purpose is to obtain a 12-pulse diode rectifier whose harmonic contents are reduced a lot. The auxiliary voltage circuit consists of two single-phase voltage converters which can be controlled conveniently. The auxiliary voltage reaches to the main circuit through transformer to improve the wave form of the input current. However, this approach can’t regulate the output. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyze a wide input rang active multi-pulse rectifier with Boost modules. Rich single-phase technology is used in the method. The circuit adopts the continuous current method, and adopts soft switch technology to rise efficiency effectively.
In conclusion, the correctness and feasibility of the circuit based on Boost is verified by the mathematical analysis, simulation research and experiments validation.
引文
[1] 陈坚. 电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社,2002. 1～20
[2] 黄俊,王兆安. 电力电子变流技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1992. 1～10
[3] 何益宏. 电力电子技术的发展与应用. 广西师院学报,1996,13(1、2):121～124
[4] 张立,赵永健. 现代电力电子技术.北京:科学出版社,1995. 1～15
[5] 鲁莉蓉. 一种高性能低压大电流 DC/DC 变换器的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文.武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2002
[6] Thomas G., Wilson. The Evolution of Power Electronics. IEEE Trans. on power electronics,2000,15(3):439～446
[7] 蒋平. 一种新型三相反激式高功率因数 AC/DC 变换器.华中科技大学硕士论文. 武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2002
[8] 徐荣. 双端反激式软开关 DC/DC 变换器.华中科技大学硕士论文.武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2003
[9] 郑同江. 电力电子装置的谐波危害及其抑制对策.天津理工学院学报,1999,15(1):26～29
[10] 张中一,宁元中. 电力谐波.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992. 5～15
[11] 肖湘宁,徐永海. 电力系统谐波及其综合治理.中国电力.1998,31(4):59～61
[12] 高奇峰. 三电平三相单级性功率因数校正电路研究.华中科技大学硕士论文.武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2004
[13] 严百平,刘健,程红丽. 不连续导电模式高功率开关电源. 北京:科学出版社,2000. 3～37
[14] J.Qian,F.C.Lee. Charge Pump Power-Factor-Correction Technologies Part Concept and Principle. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics,2000,15(1): 121～129
[15] 付应红,李晓帆,何茂军. 一种新颖带功率因数校正的 AC/DC 变换器的研究. 电力电子技术,2001,35(1):61～62
[16] 林渭勋. 电力电子技术基础. 机械工业出版社. 1990. 2～20
[17] 徐德鸿. 三相高功率因数整流器的发展与现状. 中国国际电源新技术研讨会论文集(第一届),昆明:1999. 15～19
[18] 于相旭,候振程. 三相功率因数校正技术综述. 电工技术杂志,2000,3(3):1～3
[19] 粟时平,刘桂英. 三相有源高功率因数变流技术综述.电工技术,2001,1:4～6
[20] S.A.Talib, S.M.Bashi, N.F.Maiilah. Simulation and analysis of power converter harmonics. Student Conference on Research and Development Proceedings, 2001,1:213～216
[21] 沈忠兵,王强. 三相桥串联整流电路在大功率传动装置中的应用.电子与自动化,1998,(3):33～36
[22] Sewan Choi, Annette R. von Jouanne, Prasad N.Enjeti, et al. Polyphase Transformer Arrangements With Reduced KVA Capacities For Harmonic Current Reduction in Rectifier Type Utility Interface. IEEE Trans. on power electronics,1996,11(9):680～690
[23] Girish R.Kamath, Bruce Runyan, Richard Wood. A Compact Autotransformer based 12-Pulse Rectifier Circuit.IECON,2001:1344～1349
[24] Sewan Choi, Prasad N.Enjeti, Honghee Lee, et al. A New Active Interphase Reactor for 12-Pulse Rectifiers Provides Clean Power Utility Interface. IEEE Trans. on power electronics,1996,32(6):1304～1311
[25] 邓超平,刘晓东. 三相单开关零电流 Cuk 型功率因数校正器的研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(4):74～79
[26] 张方华,王慧贞,严仰光. 推挽正激整流及其应用. 中国电机工程学报,2004,24(4):168～173
[27] 毛鸿,吴兆麟. 基于三相 PWM 整流器的无死区空间矢量调制策略. 中国电机工程学报,2001,21(11):100～104
[28] 詹长江,康勇. 滞后电流控制的 PWM 电压型高频整流电源研制. 电力电子技术,1996,(2):29～32
[29] S.Kim, P.Enjeti, D. Rendusara, et.al. A New Method to Improve THD and Reduce Harmonics Generated by a Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Type Utility Interface. IEEE IAS94 Conf. Proc., 1994. 1071～1077
[30] G. Oliver et.al. Novel Transformer Connection to Improve Current Sharing in High Current DC Rectifiers. IEEE IAS93 Conf. Proc.,1993:986～992
[31] G. Seguier. Power Electronic Converters AC/DC Conversion. McGraw-Hill, NewYork,NY,1986. 12～16
[32] Grishi R., Kamath, David Benson, Richard Wood.A Novel Autotransformer Based 18-pulse Rectifier Circuit. IEEE Trans. On power electronics,2002,2(3): 795～801
[33] Dered A., Paice.Power. Electronic Converter Harmonics: Multipulse Methods for Clean Power, IEEE Press, New York,1995. 26～31
[34] Jaehong Hahn; Enjeti, P.N. A wide input range active multi-pulse three-phase rectifier for utility interface of power electronic converters. Industry Applications Conference,2002 37th IAS Annual Meeting, 2002. 2514～2519,
[35] B. Lee, J. Hahn, P. Enjeti, I. Pitel, A Robust Three-Phase Active Power-Factor-Correction and Harmonic Reduction scheme for High Power, IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics,1999,46(3): 483～494
[36] Hans Ertl, Johann W., Kolar. A constant output current three-phase diode bridge rectifier employing a novel electronic smoothing inductor. IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics,2005,52(2):454～461
[37] Shoji Fukuda, Masaaki Ohta, An auxiliary-supply-assisted twelve-pulse diode rectifier with reduced input current harmonics. IEEE Industry Applications Conference,2004 39th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004,1(3):447-452.
[38] 张占松,蔡宣三. 开关电源的原理与设计. 北京:电子工业出版社,2004. 11～26
[39] Guichao Hua. Novel ZVT PWM converters, In Proceedings of IEEE PESC,1992. 56～62
[40] Moschopoulos, G., Jain, A zero-voltage switched PWM boost converter with an energy feedforward auxiliary circuit. In Proceedings of IEEE PESC, 1996.76～82
[41] Xu, D. M., Yang, C. A novel single phase active clamped PFC converter. In Proceedings of IEEE APFC, 1997. 266～271
[42] Bassett, J. A. New zero voltage switching high frequency boost converter topology for power factor. In Proceedings of IEEE INTELEC, 1995.813～820
[43] R. Gurunathan, A.K.S.Bhat. ZVT boost converter using a ZCS auxiliary circuit. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2001. 889～897
[44] 昌建军. 单相 Boost 功率因数校正技术研究. 南京航空航天大学硕士论文. 南京:南京航空航天大学图书馆,2005
[45] 吴学智. 5KW 单相功率因数校正器的研制. 北方交通大学硕士论文. 北京:北方交通大学图书馆,1999
[46] 杨波. 通信电源功率因数校正电路的分析和研制. 华南理工大学硕士论文. 广州:华南理工大学图书馆,2002
[47] Pietkiewicz, A., and Tollik, D. Snubber circuit and MOSFET paralleling considerations for high power boost based power factor corrections. In Proceedings of IEEE INTELEC,1995.41～45
[2] 黄俊,王兆安. 电力电子变流技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1992. 1～10
[3] 何益宏. 电力电子技术的发展与应用. 广西师院学报,1996,13(1、2):121～124
[4] 张立,赵永健. 现代电力电子技术.北京:科学出版社,1995. 1～15
[5] 鲁莉蓉. 一种高性能低压大电流 DC/DC 变换器的研究.华中科技大学硕士论文.武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2002
[6] Thomas G., Wilson. The Evolution of Power Electronics. IEEE Trans. on power electronics,2000,15(3):439～446
[7] 蒋平. 一种新型三相反激式高功率因数 AC/DC 变换器.华中科技大学硕士论文. 武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2002
[8] 徐荣. 双端反激式软开关 DC/DC 变换器.华中科技大学硕士论文.武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2003
[9] 郑同江. 电力电子装置的谐波危害及其抑制对策.天津理工学院学报,1999,15(1):26～29
[10] 张中一,宁元中. 电力谐波.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1992. 5～15
[11] 肖湘宁,徐永海. 电力系统谐波及其综合治理.中国电力.1998,31(4):59～61
[12] 高奇峰. 三电平三相单级性功率因数校正电路研究.华中科技大学硕士论文.武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2004
[13] 严百平,刘健,程红丽. 不连续导电模式高功率开关电源. 北京:科学出版社,2000. 3～37
[14] J.Qian,F.C.Lee. Charge Pump Power-Factor-Correction Technologies Part Concept and Principle. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics,2000,15(1): 121～129
[15] 付应红,李晓帆,何茂军. 一种新颖带功率因数校正的 AC/DC 变换器的研究. 电力电子技术,2001,35(1):61～62
[16] 林渭勋. 电力电子技术基础. 机械工业出版社. 1990. 2～20
[17] 徐德鸿. 三相高功率因数整流器的发展与现状. 中国国际电源新技术研讨会论文集(第一届),昆明:1999. 15～19
[18] 于相旭,候振程. 三相功率因数校正技术综述. 电工技术杂志,2000,3(3):1～3
[19] 粟时平,刘桂英. 三相有源高功率因数变流技术综述.电工技术,2001,1:4～6
[20] S.A.Talib, S.M.Bashi, N.F.Maiilah. Simulation and analysis of power converter harmonics. Student Conference on Research and Development Proceedings, 2001,1:213～216
[21] 沈忠兵,王强. 三相桥串联整流电路在大功率传动装置中的应用.电子与自动化,1998,(3):33～36
[22] Sewan Choi, Annette R. von Jouanne, Prasad N.Enjeti, et al. Polyphase Transformer Arrangements With Reduced KVA Capacities For Harmonic Current Reduction in Rectifier Type Utility Interface. IEEE Trans. on power electronics,1996,11(9):680～690
[23] Girish R.Kamath, Bruce Runyan, Richard Wood. A Compact Autotransformer based 12-Pulse Rectifier Circuit.IECON,2001:1344～1349
[24] Sewan Choi, Prasad N.Enjeti, Honghee Lee, et al. A New Active Interphase Reactor for 12-Pulse Rectifiers Provides Clean Power Utility Interface. IEEE Trans. on power electronics,1996,32(6):1304～1311
[25] 邓超平,刘晓东. 三相单开关零电流 Cuk 型功率因数校正器的研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(4):74～79
[26] 张方华,王慧贞,严仰光. 推挽正激整流及其应用. 中国电机工程学报,2004,24(4):168～173
[27] 毛鸿,吴兆麟. 基于三相 PWM 整流器的无死区空间矢量调制策略. 中国电机工程学报,2001,21(11):100～104
[28] 詹长江,康勇. 滞后电流控制的 PWM 电压型高频整流电源研制. 电力电子技术,1996,(2):29～32
[29] S.Kim, P.Enjeti, D. Rendusara, et.al. A New Method to Improve THD and Reduce Harmonics Generated by a Three-Phase Diode Rectifier Type Utility Interface. IEEE IAS94 Conf. Proc., 1994. 1071～1077
[30] G. Oliver et.al. Novel Transformer Connection to Improve Current Sharing in High Current DC Rectifiers. IEEE IAS93 Conf. Proc.,1993:986～992
[31] G. Seguier. Power Electronic Converters AC/DC Conversion. McGraw-Hill, NewYork,NY,1986. 12～16
[32] Grishi R., Kamath, David Benson, Richard Wood.A Novel Autotransformer Based 18-pulse Rectifier Circuit. IEEE Trans. On power electronics,2002,2(3): 795～801
[33] Dered A., Paice.Power. Electronic Converter Harmonics: Multipulse Methods for Clean Power, IEEE Press, New York,1995. 26～31
[34] Jaehong Hahn; Enjeti, P.N. A wide input range active multi-pulse three-phase rectifier for utility interface of power electronic converters. Industry Applications Conference,2002 37th IAS Annual Meeting, 2002. 2514～2519,
[35] B. Lee, J. Hahn, P. Enjeti, I. Pitel, A Robust Three-Phase Active Power-Factor-Correction and Harmonic Reduction scheme for High Power, IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics,1999,46(3): 483～494
[36] Hans Ertl, Johann W., Kolar. A constant output current three-phase diode bridge rectifier employing a novel electronic smoothing inductor. IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics,2005,52(2):454～461
[37] Shoji Fukuda, Masaaki Ohta, An auxiliary-supply-assisted twelve-pulse diode rectifier with reduced input current harmonics. IEEE Industry Applications Conference,2004 39th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004,1(3):447-452.
[38] 张占松,蔡宣三. 开关电源的原理与设计. 北京:电子工业出版社,2004. 11～26
[39] Guichao Hua. Novel ZVT PWM converters, In Proceedings of IEEE PESC,1992. 56～62
[40] Moschopoulos, G., Jain, A zero-voltage switched PWM boost converter with an energy feedforward auxiliary circuit. In Proceedings of IEEE PESC, 1996.76～82
[41] Xu, D. M., Yang, C. A novel single phase active clamped PFC converter. In Proceedings of IEEE APFC, 1997. 266～271
[42] Bassett, J. A. New zero voltage switching high frequency boost converter topology for power factor. In Proceedings of IEEE INTELEC, 1995.813～820
[43] R. Gurunathan, A.K.S.Bhat. ZVT boost converter using a ZCS auxiliary circuit. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2001. 889～897
[44] 昌建军. 单相 Boost 功率因数校正技术研究. 南京航空航天大学硕士论文. 南京:南京航空航天大学图书馆,2005
[45] 吴学智. 5KW 单相功率因数校正器的研制. 北方交通大学硕士论文. 北京:北方交通大学图书馆,1999
[46] 杨波. 通信电源功率因数校正电路的分析和研制. 华南理工大学硕士论文. 广州:华南理工大学图书馆,2002
[47] Pietkiewicz, A., and Tollik, D. Snubber circuit and MOSFET paralleling considerations for high power boost based power factor corrections. In Proceedings of IEEE INTELEC,1995.41～45