某型轿车变速器啸叫的试验分析
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摘要
噪声污染是环境污染的主要问题之一,据统计,机动车辐射的噪声,约占整个环境噪声的75%,而汽车变速器是汽车传动系的重要组成部分,也是汽车的主要噪声源之一。同时变速器啸叫噪音是变速器常见的NVH(noise&vibration & harshness)问题,因此研究变速器啸叫噪声产生机理以及传递动路径,对降低变速器噪声具有重要意义。本文针对影响某款车的乘坐舒适性的变速器啸叫问题进行研究。首先运用Head ArtemiS 9.0数采及分析系统在整车转毂消声室和变速器消声室分别进行整车、变速器进行进行各工况噪声试验。分析采集到的数据,找出变速器的特征频率及特征阶次,确定变速器的主要噪声源。同时,在齿轮接触斑点试验台对变速器主要噪声源齿轮进行啮合接触斑点试验,通过对接触斑点进行分析观察,得出齿轮啮合存在的主要缺陷。
其次,运用专业的传动设计分析工具MASTA软件建立变速器传动的分析模型并进行NVH分析,得出与客观评价一致的结论。同时对齿轮参数、系统变形进行分析确定出该变速器产生啸叫噪音的根源。
最后,通过对齿轮参数的啮合错位、啮合面单位接触应力、传递误差等分析,优化出齿轮宏观参数、微观修形参数,进行整车、变速器NVH测试和接触斑点试验验证,结果表明：优化后的齿轮宏观、微观参数能够有效的改善变速器齿轮啸叫噪音,本文研究结果为变速器参数优化选择等提供了新的参考依据。
Noise pollution is one of the major problems of environmental pollution,According to statistics,radiation noise of motor vehicles, accounting for the whole 75% of environmental noise.Car automobile transmission gearbox is an important component of the automobile, which is one of the main noise sources, at the same time transmission gear whine noise is common transmission NVH (noise & vibration & harshness) issues.Therefore, researching the mechanism of transmission gear whine noise and the moving path is important to reduce transmission noise.Analysis of data collected
In this paper, studying the transmission gear whine which impacts the comfort of a vehicle.Firstly, carrying out to test noise under the transmission working status in car and transmission NVH test rig by using the Head ArtemiS 9.0 data acquisition and analysis system. Analysis of data collected,access to transmission characteristics of frequency and order, to identify the main noise source transmission.At the same time, testing the main noise source of transmission gears mesh contact, through contact observation tQ draw the main gear mesh defects.
Secondly, using the professional MASTA transmission design and analysis software tools to establish the analysis model for transmission NVH analysis, Consistent with the conclusions of an objective evaluation. At the same time, access to the source of the gear whine generated by analysis the gear parameters and the system deformation.
Thirdly, optimize the parameters of the Gear macro-, micro-modification parameters by analysis the parameters of the meshing gear position, mating surface contact stress and transmission errors, For vehicles, transmission NVH testing and test contact spots, The results show that the optimized gear macro and micro parameters can effectively improve the transmission gear whine noise.In this paper, the results provide a new basis for optimizing the choice of transmission parameters.
其次,运用专业的传动设计分析工具MASTA软件建立变速器传动的分析模型并进行NVH分析,得出与客观评价一致的结论。同时对齿轮参数、系统变形进行分析确定出该变速器产生啸叫噪音的根源。
最后,通过对齿轮参数的啮合错位、啮合面单位接触应力、传递误差等分析,优化出齿轮宏观参数、微观修形参数,进行整车、变速器NVH测试和接触斑点试验验证,结果表明：优化后的齿轮宏观、微观参数能够有效的改善变速器齿轮啸叫噪音,本文研究结果为变速器参数优化选择等提供了新的参考依据。
Noise pollution is one of the major problems of environmental pollution,According to statistics,radiation noise of motor vehicles, accounting for the whole 75% of environmental noise.Car automobile transmission gearbox is an important component of the automobile, which is one of the main noise sources, at the same time transmission gear whine noise is common transmission NVH (noise & vibration & harshness) issues.Therefore, researching the mechanism of transmission gear whine noise and the moving path is important to reduce transmission noise.Analysis of data collected
In this paper, studying the transmission gear whine which impacts the comfort of a vehicle.Firstly, carrying out to test noise under the transmission working status in car and transmission NVH test rig by using the Head ArtemiS 9.0 data acquisition and analysis system. Analysis of data collected,access to transmission characteristics of frequency and order, to identify the main noise source transmission.At the same time, testing the main noise source of transmission gears mesh contact, through contact observation tQ draw the main gear mesh defects.
Secondly, using the professional MASTA transmission design and analysis software tools to establish the analysis model for transmission NVH analysis, Consistent with the conclusions of an objective evaluation. At the same time, access to the source of the gear whine generated by analysis the gear parameters and the system deformation.
Thirdly, optimize the parameters of the Gear macro-, micro-modification parameters by analysis the parameters of the meshing gear position, mating surface contact stress and transmission errors, For vehicles, transmission NVH testing and test contact spots, The results show that the optimized gear macro and micro parameters can effectively improve the transmission gear whine noise.In this paper, the results provide a new basis for optimizing the choice of transmission parameters.
引文
[1]龚秀芬,孙广荣,吴启学.噪声测量和控制[M].江苏：江苏科学出版社,1985
[2]方丹群.噪声控制北京：北京出版社,1987
[3]庞剑,谌刚,何华.汽车噪声与振动[M].北京：北京理工大学,2006
[4]M.P,诺顿.工程噪声和振动分析基础[M].北京：航空工业出敝社,1993.21-46.
[5]李润方、王建军.齿轮系统动力学[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
[6]丁康王延春.传动箱齿轮和轴故障的振动谚断方法的研究.振动与冲击,1994：(50)
[7]刘辉.车辆动力传动系统扭振动力学仿真及分析[D].北京：北京理工大学,2003.16-42.
[8]王太勇,朱梦周,曾子平.机床噪声源的识别与控制.天津大学学报,1995,28(3)：333-337.
[9]棘福章,刘玉琴编著.现代机嚣敢障诊断学.北京：农业出版社,1991
[10]黄其柏,徐斌.窗式空调器噪声源诊断与控制研究.噪声与振动控制,1998(1)：6-9
[11]黄其柏,王雪川,卢文祥,师汉民.分布噪声源诊断的偏相干理论与方法.声学技术,1995(3)：97-101
[12]姚天任,孙洪.现代数字信号处理.武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1999
[13]会田俊夫.齿轮的设计和制造(第四卷).北京：中国农业机械出版社,1985
[14]戴进,卢延峰,唐进元.基于遗传算法的低噪声齿轮传动设计.机械传动,2007,31(6)：15-22
[15]肖利民、唐进元.低噪声齿轮设计方法(一)[J].制造技术与机床,1995(05)：30-33
[16]肖利民、唐进元.低噪声齿轮设计方法(二)[J].制造技术与机床,1995(06)：30-32
[17]肖利民、唐进元.低噪声齿轮设计方法(三)[J].制造技术与机床,1995(07)：27-30
[18]唐进元,陈思雨.阻尼和刚度项含时变参数的强非线性振动系统周期解研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(10)：96-100
[19]方宗德.修形斜齿轮的承载接触分析[J].航空动力学报,1997,12(3)：251-254
[20]方宗德.修形斜齿轮的轮齿接触分析[J].航空动力学报,1997,12(3)：247-250
[21]唐进元,刘欣,戴进.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的齿轮传动线外啮合冲击研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(9)：40-44
[22]唐进元,黄云飞,吕文利.基于LabVIEW的数字PID控制器的设计研究[J].测控技术,2007,26(3)：35-37
[23]唐进元,吕文利,周长江,刘艳萍.基于LabVIEW的机械传动性能测试系统[J].测控技术,2006,25(6)：16-18
[241唐进元,颜海燕.线外啮合齿轮传动啮合刚度计算.机械传动[J],2002,26(4)：22-24
[25]吕文利,唐进元,刘艳萍.基于虚拟仪器的齿轮传动装置效率测试[J].机械传动,2006,30(1)：64-66
[26]TANG JINYUAN,CHEN SIYU,ZHOU CHANGJIANG.AN IMPROVED NONLINEAR DYNAMIC MODEL OF GEAR TRANSMISSION[P].ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, September 4-7,2007, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
[27]TANG JINYUAN,ZHOU CHANGJIANG,WU CHANGDE. Studies on FEM Geometrical Model of Gear Machined by Pre-Grinding Hob with protuberance[P]. ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference,September 4-7,2007, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
[28]汤和.朱梦周.张纪锁.产品低噪声的设计原理和方法.噪声与振动控制.1993；(1)
[29]G.尼曼H.温特尔.机械零件(第二卷).北京：机械工业出版社,1989
[30]Smith, J. Derek:Gear Noise and Vibration, Macel Dekker.Inc.(1999)
[31]B. James, M. Douglas, "Development of a Gear Whine Model for the Complete Transmission System",Transmission & Driveline System Symposium 2002 SAE2002-01-0700
[32]B. James, M. Douglas, D. Palmer, "Predicting the Contact Conditions for Hypoid Gear Sets by Analysis and aComparison with Test Data", Transmission & DrivelineSystem Symposium 2002 SAE 2002-01-1045
[33]王文利.新型齿轮箱信号分析与故障诊断系统重型机械.1999;(2)：47-49
[34]张树生.齿轮传动动态性能的优化设计——最优修形曲线的确定.中国机械工程.1999： (3)：247—248
[35]王玉芳、童忠钫,圆柱撞击发身机理的研究,振动、测试与诊断,1991年3月
[36]束永平,齿轮起振力的理论计算及实验研究,华东船舶工业学院学报,1994年,第2期
[37]葛屯,宫镇.由奔野-25变速箱壳体振动求辐射噪声.噪声与振动控制,1986(6)；36-42
[38]廖文彬,乔五之.测振法在压缩机噪声测量和研究中的应用.北京轻工业学院学报,1997,15(2)：18-23
[39]袁哲位,等,齿轮刀具设计[M].北京：机械工业出版祉.1983
[40]任敬心,等.齿轮工程学[M].北京：国防工业出版杜.1985
[41]西野秀宪,等.刺齿研究(一),(二)、(三)[日].机床译丛[M].1983.No NO4,No.5
[42]刘悄平+李华敏.径向剃齿刀齿开j分析[J]齿轮.1987.11(1)1-5.
[43]刘琼.宾鸿赞.径向剃齿刀最小宽度的求解[J]华中理工大学学报.1998+26(11)78-80
[44]州晡,宾鸿赞.径向剃齿刀切削刃错位方式的研究EJJ工具技术.1997.31(3)：15-17
[45]唐进元.齿轮传递误差计算新模型.机械传动[J],2008,(06)：13-14
[2]方丹群.噪声控制北京：北京出版社,1987
[3]庞剑,谌刚,何华.汽车噪声与振动[M].北京：北京理工大学,2006
[4]M.P,诺顿.工程噪声和振动分析基础[M].北京：航空工业出敝社,1993.21-46.
[5]李润方、王建军.齿轮系统动力学[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
[6]丁康王延春.传动箱齿轮和轴故障的振动谚断方法的研究.振动与冲击,1994：(50)
[7]刘辉.车辆动力传动系统扭振动力学仿真及分析[D].北京：北京理工大学,2003.16-42.
[8]王太勇,朱梦周,曾子平.机床噪声源的识别与控制.天津大学学报,1995,28(3)：333-337.
[9]棘福章,刘玉琴编著.现代机嚣敢障诊断学.北京：农业出版社,1991
[10]黄其柏,徐斌.窗式空调器噪声源诊断与控制研究.噪声与振动控制,1998(1)：6-9
[11]黄其柏,王雪川,卢文祥,师汉民.分布噪声源诊断的偏相干理论与方法.声学技术,1995(3)：97-101
[12]姚天任,孙洪.现代数字信号处理.武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1999
[13]会田俊夫.齿轮的设计和制造(第四卷).北京：中国农业机械出版社,1985
[14]戴进,卢延峰,唐进元.基于遗传算法的低噪声齿轮传动设计.机械传动,2007,31(6)：15-22
[15]肖利民、唐进元.低噪声齿轮设计方法(一)[J].制造技术与机床,1995(05)：30-33
[16]肖利民、唐进元.低噪声齿轮设计方法(二)[J].制造技术与机床,1995(06)：30-32
[17]肖利民、唐进元.低噪声齿轮设计方法(三)[J].制造技术与机床,1995(07)：27-30
[18]唐进元,陈思雨.阻尼和刚度项含时变参数的强非线性振动系统周期解研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(10)：96-100
[19]方宗德.修形斜齿轮的承载接触分析[J].航空动力学报,1997,12(3)：251-254
[20]方宗德.修形斜齿轮的轮齿接触分析[J].航空动力学报,1997,12(3)：247-250
[21]唐进元,刘欣,戴进.基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的齿轮传动线外啮合冲击研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(9)：40-44
[22]唐进元,黄云飞,吕文利.基于LabVIEW的数字PID控制器的设计研究[J].测控技术,2007,26(3)：35-37
[23]唐进元,吕文利,周长江,刘艳萍.基于LabVIEW的机械传动性能测试系统[J].测控技术,2006,25(6)：16-18
[241唐进元,颜海燕.线外啮合齿轮传动啮合刚度计算.机械传动[J],2002,26(4)：22-24
[25]吕文利,唐进元,刘艳萍.基于虚拟仪器的齿轮传动装置效率测试[J].机械传动,2006,30(1)：64-66
[26]TANG JINYUAN,CHEN SIYU,ZHOU CHANGJIANG.AN IMPROVED NONLINEAR DYNAMIC MODEL OF GEAR TRANSMISSION[P].ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, September 4-7,2007, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
[27]TANG JINYUAN,ZHOU CHANGJIANG,WU CHANGDE. Studies on FEM Geometrical Model of Gear Machined by Pre-Grinding Hob with protuberance[P]. ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences & Computers and Information in Engineering Conference,September 4-7,2007, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
[28]汤和.朱梦周.张纪锁.产品低噪声的设计原理和方法.噪声与振动控制.1993；(1)
[29]G.尼曼H.温特尔.机械零件(第二卷).北京：机械工业出版社,1989
[30]Smith, J. Derek:Gear Noise and Vibration, Macel Dekker.Inc.(1999)
[31]B. James, M. Douglas, "Development of a Gear Whine Model for the Complete Transmission System",Transmission & Driveline System Symposium 2002 SAE2002-01-0700
[32]B. James, M. Douglas, D. Palmer, "Predicting the Contact Conditions for Hypoid Gear Sets by Analysis and aComparison with Test Data", Transmission & DrivelineSystem Symposium 2002 SAE 2002-01-1045
[33]王文利.新型齿轮箱信号分析与故障诊断系统重型机械.1999;(2)：47-49
[34]张树生.齿轮传动动态性能的优化设计——最优修形曲线的确定.中国机械工程.1999： (3)：247—248
[35]王玉芳、童忠钫,圆柱撞击发身机理的研究,振动、测试与诊断,1991年3月
[36]束永平,齿轮起振力的理论计算及实验研究,华东船舶工业学院学报,1994年,第2期
[37]葛屯,宫镇.由奔野-25变速箱壳体振动求辐射噪声.噪声与振动控制,1986(6)；36-42
[38]廖文彬,乔五之.测振法在压缩机噪声测量和研究中的应用.北京轻工业学院学报,1997,15(2)：18-23
[39]袁哲位,等,齿轮刀具设计[M].北京：机械工业出版祉.1983
[40]任敬心,等.齿轮工程学[M].北京：国防工业出版杜.1985
[41]西野秀宪,等.刺齿研究(一),(二)、(三)[日].机床译丛[M].1983.No NO4,No.5
[42]刘悄平+李华敏.径向剃齿刀齿开j分析[J]齿轮.1987.11(1)1-5.
[43]刘琼.宾鸿赞.径向剃齿刀最小宽度的求解[J]华中理工大学学报.1998+26(11)78-80
[44]州晡,宾鸿赞.径向剃齿刀切削刃错位方式的研究EJJ工具技术.1997.31(3)：15-17
[45]唐进元.齿轮传递误差计算新模型.机械传动[J],2008,(06)：13-14